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THE HISTORY OF 

PHI GAMMA DELTA 




*^^^r:==^^^. J^/T^^ 




1848 

The cane is in the archives of the fraternity 



THE HISTORY OF 

PHI GAMMA DELTA 




WILLIAM FOSDICK CHAMBERLIN 

DENISON 1893 



IN FIVE VOLUMES 

Tomos Alpha 
THE BEGINNINGS 



NEW^ YORK 

PUBLISHED BY THE FRATERNITY 
1921 



LJi 



ij 



y^^d^ 



Copyright 1921 by 
Fraternity of Phi Gamma Delta 



THE TORCH PRESS 

CEDAR RAPIDS 

IOWA 



MAY 28 7^ 

Cl A 8 8 2 6 




TO OUR BROTHERS 

HO held true to the ideals of our 
founders . . who chose as their path 
to glory, that trodden by the feet of 
the heroes of '6l ivho donned the Blue or the 
Gray, and forsook the walls of learning for 
the great battlefields — and whole chapters of 
them perished . . who took as their inspiration 
for the goal of human endeavor, the chivalry 
of those in the century's latter years who 
championed the cause of the helpless and 
oppressed in the islands of the seas . . who but 
recently met the tyrant's brandished steel and 
all the hideous concomitants of uncivilized 
warfare in No-Man s Land, somewhere in 
France, finding a deeper significance in Friend- 
ship, man for man; gaining wider Knowledge 
of life's fundamentals and earning heroes' 
Fame . . 

to those who fell — and sleep Over There 



THIS VOLUME fVITH THE BENEDICTION 

PHI GAMMA DELTA 

IS DEDICATED 



PROLEGOMENA 

GENESIS is often hidden in oblivion. The birth- 
right of a great man — Homer — may be un- 
known; the tale of a city — Rome — may begin in 
some fiction of a Romulus and Remus; the origin of 
a national unit — the Mound Builders — may be undis- 
coverable. The farther we are removed in time from 
the sources, the greater is the task of obtaining facts. 
The difficulty varies, like gravity, with the square of 
the distance. 

Happily the first minute books and records of the 
''Delta Association" have been preserved. In the re- 
moval, however, of the Grand Chapter from Jefferson 
College to New York; in the change of officials both 
of the Grand Chapter and of the present form of gov- 
ernment; in the unfortunate and ill-advised removal of 
a wealth of memorabilia from the home of Major 
Frank Keck after his departure for Cuba at the time of 
the Spanish-American War; in the migration of the 
fraternity offices; in the absence of permanent and fire- 
proof archives, assets of historical value have been lost, 
among which was the collection of valedictory address- 
es of the II's of the Grand Chapter for the first fifty 
years of the fraternity's existence. It will be noted 
that much of the material for this volume is the result 
of research work. There is no bibliography. It 
seems almost incredible that so much new material 
should have been obtainable more than seventy years 
after McCarty and his associates established the fra- 
ternity. 

[7] 



8 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

When the writer was a member of the Board of 
Archons in 1905 inquiry of his fellow members failed 
to reveal any detailed knowledge of the founders or 
early history of Phi Gamma Delta. At the Old Point 
Comfort Ekklesia in 1906 he introduced a resolution 
calling for a report on the advisability and cost of 
marking the graves of the founders. It developed that 
no one knew where the founders were buried, nor how 
many were dead; indeed, an issue of The Phi Gamma 
Delta but a short time previously had recorded: 
"John Templeton McCarty is a successful lawyer in 
California." 

The University of Chicago Ekklesia in 1907 instruct- 
ed the Archons to find and mark the graves of the 
founders, and inasmuch as the historian was father to 
the plan, the task was given to him. This was the 
beginning of patient and painstaking investigation, cov- 
ering a period of years, some of the results of which 
have been published from time to time in The Phi 
Gamma Delta, and are in part recorded in Tomos 
Alpha. 

Five volumes of the History of Phi Gamma Delta 
are projected: 

Alpha, The Beginnings; 

Beta, Miscellany: the governments, conventions, 
catalogues, song-books, magazines and chapter 
publications, the coat of arms of the fraternity 
and its chapters, and like matter; 

Gamma, The Chapters, active and inactive; 

Delta, Who's Who?: A biography of prominent 
members. 

Epsilon, Phi Gamma Delta in the Army and Navy. 
The story of Deltas under two flags in '61 -'65, the 



PROLEGOMENA 9 

part played by Fijis in Cuba and the Philippines; 

the work of our brothers of the present day on the 

sea and under the sea; on the land and under the 

land; and in the heavens over all, in the agonizing 

parturition of a new freedom for the world. 

Manifestly, the one person who can best write Epsi- 

lon, the war story of the fraternity, is our beloved 

Major Frank Keck, whose record at San Juan was 

recognized by Presidents McKinley and Roosevelt. 

The material for these volumes is being carefully 
compiled. 

In the collection of information I am debtor to my 
friend. Rev. Maurice E. Wilson, D.D., the son of the 
ninth initiate, Thomas B. Wilson, Jefferson '49, for 
counsel and encouragement in an almost hopeless task. 
The Sunday evenings spent in Doctor Wilson's study, 
the little journeys with him to Canonsburg, to the 
wrecks of its once famous college and dormitories and 
taverns, are the happiest of memories. 

Every profession, industry and craft has its Fijis. 
The trepidation that would in an ordinary case have 
marked the departure of the manuscript from the edi- 
torial hands was not merely diminished but replaced 
by a happy satisfaction after I had met Luther A. 
Brewer, Gettysburg '83, a lover of Fijis and a lover of 
books. Under his eyes every step in the progress of the 
work toward completion has been taken; from his fas- 
cinating book-making apparatus the completed work 
has come. 

As the reader turns these pages he will note the obli- 
gations to the daughter, granddaughter, and sisters of 
John Templeton McCarty, to the sons of Samuel 



lo HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

Beatty Wilson, James Elliott, and that "god of boys," 
Thomas W. B. Crews. 

A preface is, in part, an invention to acknowledge 
one's thanks, and to express one's afifection and esteem. 
This would involve the naming of many friends and 
brothers, for whose patience I am exceedingly grateful. 

The most inspiring incident of The Beginnings to me 
is the meeting of John Templeton McCarty and Boli- 
var G. Krepps, each independently seeking his Eldora- 
do in the excitement of '49, within a few months after 
the founding, when the roll of the entire "Delta Asso- 
ciation" numbered not more than twenty-five. On the 
banks of a little stream they drank a toast to all brothers 
who should live after them, and to the "Delta Associa- 
tion," that it might embrace the college youth of the en- 
tire country. Seventy years have passed. Brothers in 
Phi Gamma Delta now meet daily in every mart. I find 
my own life very much among them; they have been 
brothers and more, they have been my counselors "in 
times of trouble, dire distress." They are my friends, 
business associates, and co-workers. They have been 
such since as a Freshman I gave my pledge to Charles 
H. Bosler on Denison's hill, and they will be per ardua 
ad astra. 

I look out the window and see the sun of a Spring 
morning streaming Croesus-like from the gilded dome 
of the capitol of a New England Commonwealth. I 
recall familiar words: "light ineffable and full of 
glory." Beyond the capitol dome I see the stately 
quadrangle of Trinity, where lusty voices sing: 

"Phi Gamma Delta still to thee, 
Our hearts will turn eternally." 



PROLEGOMENA ii 

And it is so in Orono and in Berkeley, in Minneapolis 
and in Austin. 

The beginnings were well planned. The dreams of 
the founders have come true. Phi Gamma Delta does 
embrace the college youth of the entire country. 

William F. Chamberlin 
Hartford, Connecticut 
May first, Nineteen twenty 



TOMOS ALPHA 
THE BEGINNINGS 



CONTENTS 



Dedication 
Prolegomena 



PART I 



Chapter 

I The Apostle of the West .... 
II The Log Cabin 

III The Literary Societies: Franklin and Philo 

IV Old Commencement Programs .... 
V Old Jefferson 



PART II 

I Founding of Phi Gamma Delta 

II John Templeton McCarty 

III Samuel Beatty Wilson 

IV James Elliott . 
V Ellis Bailey Gregg . 

VI Daniel Webster Crofts . 

VII Naaman Fletcher 



Epilegomena 
Index Rerum 



PAGB 

5 
7 



23 

28 

34 
54 
61 



75 
104 

134 
163 
196 
211 

246 

285 
289 



1151 



ILLUSTRATIONS 



John T. McCarty Frontispiece 

Reverend John M'Millan, D.D 24 

Dr. M'Millan's Home, Erected 1778 .... 26 

The M'Millan Cabin 28 

Memorial Tablet 32 

Seal of Franklin Literary Society, 1848 ... 34 

Gregg's Franklin Diploma 36 

Washington College, Erected 1793 .... 38 

Commencement Program, Washington College, 1847 40 

Commencement Program, Washington College, 1848 42 

Letter from President Woodrow Wilson ... 44 

Commencement Program, Jefferson College, 1848 . 46 

Commencement Program, Jefferson College, 1849 . 48 

Commencement Program, Jefferson College, 1851 . 50 

Bogus Program, 1848 52 

Bogus Program, 1850 54 

Bogus Program, 1851 56 

Reproduction of Lithograph of Jefferson College . 58 

Jefferson College Buildings, 1850 .... 60 

Seal of Jefferson College, 1848 62 

Jefferson College Buildings, 1909 .... 64 

Gregg's Jefferson Diploma 66 

Badge of Defunct Jefferson Fraternity ... 68 

Rev. Jonathan Edwards, D.D 70 

The Jefferson College Campus in 1920 ... 76 

'Tort" Armstrong 78 

Minutes of the First Meeting 80 

Pin of James Elliott 82 

Site of "Seceder" Church 84 

Spring House of Tillie Hutchinson .... 86 

•Tort" Emery 88 

'Tort" Oram 90 

[17] 



i8 



ILLUSTRATIONS 



Room of John Templeton McCarty 

Window Sill in McCarty's Room . 

Mantel from McCarty's Room 

Facsimile Signatures to Original Constitution 

Facsimile Signatures to Original Constitution 

Facsimile Signatures to Original Constitution 

Letter from Gen. John J. Pershing 

Facsimile of Page from Original Minute Book 

The Briceland Tavern . 

Phi Gamma Delta Key . 

John Templeton McCarty, 1853 • 

John Templeton McCarty, 1856 . 

Home of John Templeton McCarty 

Missing Minute found in McCarty's Journal 

Facsimile of Page in McCarty's Journal . 

Mr. and Mrs. John Templeton McCarty, 1854 

John Templeton McCarty, Wife and Child 

John Templeton McCarty about i860 

Tombstone of John Templeton McCarty 

Facsimile Letter of McCarty to Elliott 

Samuel Beatty Wilson .... 

Samuel Beatty Wilson, 1848 

Home of Samuel Beatty Wilson . 

Law Office of Samuel Beatty Wilson, 1850 

Monument at Grave of Samuel Beatty Wilson 

Side View of Monument of Wilson 

Facsimile of Wilson's Handwriting 

James Elliott, 1848 

The Lord's Prayer, Shorthand Notes of Elliott 

James Elliott, 1873 

Tombstone of James Elliott . 

Facsimile of Elliott's Handwriting 

E. B. Gregg, 1848 . 

MacGregor Coat of Arms 

Facsimile of Gregg's Lines on "Beauty" 

Gregg's Professional Card . 

Tombstone of Ellis B. Gregg 

Facsimile of Gregg's Handwriting 



ILLUSTRATIONS 



19 



Daniel W. Crofts, 1848 . 

Daniel Webster Crofts, 1850 

Map of Cemetery, Clinton, Louisiana 

Grave of Daniel Webster Crofts . 

Tombstone of Daniel Webster Crofts . 

Facsimile of Letter of Crofts to Elliott 

N. Fletcher, 1848 

Tombstone of N a am an Fletcher . 
Facsimile of Letter of Fletcher to Elliott 
Emery Tavern as it is in 1920 
Facsimile Letter from Crews to Elliott 
Thomas W. B. Crews, 1850 . 

W. E. McLaren 

Facsimile of Letter of McLaren to Crews 
The Swimming Hole .... 
Old Black Horse Tavern 



2X2 

216 
218 
220 
224 
232 
246 
248 
256 
264 
272 
276 
278 
280 
282 
286 



PARTI 



CHAPTER I 

THE APOSTLE OF THE WEST 

AS NO history of the United States is complete 
^^j^that begins with the days of the Father of His 
Country and of the signers of the Declaration of In- 
dependence, but we realize that these founders of our 
national unity are the children of a former genera- 
tion, the Pilgrims and Puritans of pioneer days, so 
the annals of Phi Gamma Delta properly begin, not 
with that eventful meeting of its founders, in the 
chamber of John Templeton McCarty in "Fort" Arm- 
strong, but with the establishment of the academy 
which became their Alma Mater, and with a short ac- 
count of the pious man whose zeal and devotion were 
dedicated to the first pupils of the famous log college. 

John M'Millan, like John the son of Zacharias the 
priest, was consecrated to the gospel ministry before his 
birth, November ii, 1752, in Faggs Manor, Chester 
County, Pennsylvania. Under the able tutelage of the 
Rev. John Blair, afterward vice-president of Princeton, 
he attended the classical school in Faggs Manor until 
he was fifteen, when he was sent to the academy at 
Piqua to study with the Rev. Dr. Robert Smith, and 
there underwent his first serious religious experience 
during a powerful revival. At the College of New 
Jersey, from which he was graduated under Dr. With- 
erspoon in 1772, and at Piqua, where he afterward 
studied theology under the direction of the Rev. Robert 

[23] 



24 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

Smith, he received his training for his life work as the 
Apostle of the West. There were no theological semi- 
naries then, nor for thirty years afterward. Students 
read fewer books, with the result that what they did 
read they marked, learned, and inwardly digested. In 
October, 1774, shortly before his twenty-second birth- 
day, John M'Millan was licensed to preach the gospel. 

During the early years of his ministry the Apostle of 
the West itinerated through the scattered mountainous 
settlements of Virginia, preaching to sparse congrega- 
tions and spending many a night in the open with his 
coat rolled under his head for a pillow. Perhaps in 
some of those lonely watches he was blessed with a 
vision of the great work ahead of him, as Jacob saw 
the gate of heaven at Bethel. 

In June, 1776, he was called to take charge of the 
whole territory west of the mountains, and established 
himself at Chartiers, where he tells us: 

The cabin in which I was to live was raised, but there 
was no roof on it, nor chimney nor floor. The people 
were very kind, assisted me in preparing my house, and on 
the sixteenth of December I moved into it. But we had 
neither bedstead, nor table, nor chairs, nor stool, nor 
bucket — all these things we had to leave behind us, there 
being at that time no wagon road over the mountains. 
We could bring nothing with us but what we carried on 
pack horses. We placed two boxes, one on the other, 
which served us for a table, and two kegs served for seats ; 
and having committed ourselves to God in family worship, 
we spread a bed on the floor and slept till morning. The 
next day, a neighbor coming to my assistance, we made a 
table and a stool, and in a little time had everything com- 
fortable about us. Sometimes we had no bread for weeks, 
but we had plenty of pumpkins and potatoes, and all the 
necessaries of life, and as for luxuries we were not much 




Reverend John AI'AIillax, D.D. 



THE APOSTLE OF THE WEST 25 

concerned about them. We enjoyed health, the gospel 
and its ordinances, and pious friends. We were in the 
place where God would have us to be, and we did not 
doubt but that he would provide everything necessary, and 
glory to his name we were not disappointed. 

His work here was not confined to sermons; levelling 
the forest, clearing and cultivating the ground, and rais- 
ing crops all fell within his province, and in the exercise 
of the grubbing hoe it was said he was unsurpassed by 
any of the hardiest pioneers. 

About a year after his installation at Chartiers he 
began to work out plans for the founding of a literary 
institution for the education of young men, especially 
those who wished to fit themselves for the ministry. 
This idea had been suggested to him by his friend and 
teacher, Dr. Robert Smith, who in this trust bore wit- 
ness to the high regard in which he held his former 
pupil's scholarship and piety. 

In the little rude study, long afterward known and 
revered as the Log Cabin, Jefferson College had its 
origin in the first *'Latin School" west of the mountains. 
Here, too, were the beginnings of the first Theological 
Seminary which, until his death in 1833, continued un- 
der the direction of Dr. M'Millan. More fortunate 
than the Log Cabin in which Princeton had its begin- 
ning, the Log Cabin still remains within a short dis- 
tance of its first location and, except for the decay of the 
lower logs, is as sound as in the days of the pioneers. 
Some years ago a student with a penchant for drawing 
made an excellent sketch of the building, which is pre- 
served at Old Jefferson, where it attracts the keen in- 
terest of many a visitor. 

As the number of students steadily increased it be- 



26 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

came necessary in 1791 to erect a suitable permanent 
building to house them. Two places were proposed; 
the site of the Log Cabin, a short distance from Canons- 
burg, and Canonsburg itself. Sentimental associations 
had endeared the former, but practical considerations 
made the second a more acceptable situation for the 
contemplated Academy; accordingly Colonel John 
Canon donated one of the finest sites in Canonsburg, 
together with the promise of an ample stone building 
to be ready for occupancy before winter, all, for the 
time, at his own expense, to be refunded by the clergy- 
men and their people later, as they should be able. 
The Colonel's generous offer was unanimously accepted 
by the good people interested, and on the following 
morning at ten all friends of learning and of their coun- 
try were invited to attend the opening ceremony of the 
Canonsburg Academy. The little gathering assembled 
in the shade of some sassafras bushes growing in a 
worm fence and here, corona populi parva circumstante^ 
two pupils, William Riddle and Robert Patterson, be- 
gan the first recitation in the Academy with the words 
"Quid agis." In a short time the roll of students em- 
braced the names of 

Abraham Scott Joseph Doddridge 

Robert Patterson Dorsey Pentecost 

William Wylie James Dunlavy 

Thomas Swearingen Daniel McClean 
James Snodgrass William Kerr 

Ebenezer Henderson Phillip Doddridge 
James Duncan William Riddle 

James Allison Alexander Campbell 

Trustees were appointed by the ministers and other 




X 
v. 



THE APOSTLE OF THE WEST 27 

gentlemen who felt an interest in the Academy, and con- 
tributions were made by the Presbyterian congregations 
of the West, both to refund to Colonel Canon the cost 
of the Academy and to aid in payment of teachers, 
also occasionally to raise means for partial scholar- 
ships. The contributions took unique forms. Many 
ladies subscribed a few yards of linen valued at twenty- 
five cents a yard. Other donations consisted of grain, 
tea, and even, in one instance, of whiskey. 

In 1794 this institution received a charter from the 
legislature under the name of "The Academy and Li- 
brary Company of Canonsburg." Patrick Henry con- 
tributed £50 to the library of the new institution and 
selected many of the books himself. Benjamin Frank- 
lin afterwards became interested in the college library 
and sent from France many volumes of French litera- 
ture bound in hand-tooled leather. 

The later history of this academy we shall follow in 
Chapter V. 



CHAPTER II 

THE LOG CABIN 

OUT of the log cabin in America have come mar- 
velous men and marvelous things. Presidents 
have been born in log cabins; universities have been 
born in log cabins. 

Princeton was born in a log cabin, and her host of 
loyal sons today lament that there is neither stick nor 
stone left to w^hich they may pay homage. Jefferson 
College was founded in a log house by a son of Prince- 
ton, and while revered by her aged alumni, it stood in 
old Canonsburg for years unnoticed, and their efforts 
toward its preservation in 1908 met with strange opposi- 
tion from some citizens of Canonsburg, who feared 
that the beauty of the town would be marred by the 
ugliness of the relic. 

In New England the spirit of memory is not dead. 
In the desire to perpetuate the names of heroes and to 
mark historical spots, towns vie with each other. "On 
this bridge, the ride of Paul Revere was intercepted by 
the British," is the inscription. "Under this elm, Wash- 
ington took command of the Continental Army." "John 
Adams, the second president of the United States, was 
born here," boasts the placard. Here is the very rock 
upon which the Pilgrim Fathers first placed their feet. 
Yonder on the hill they are buried. Everywhere in 
New England are piles of stone perpetuating a mighty 
deed; everywhere are statues of our forefathers; every- 

[28] 




The jVI'Millan Cabin on the Cainipus of 

Jefferson College as a Memorial to the 

Founders of Phi Gamma Delta 



THE LOG CABIN 29 

where buildings for the preservation of valuable rec- 
ords and historical property, erected and maintained in 
grateful remembrance by citizens. 

Canonsburg, the site of old Jefferson College and the 
birthplace of Phi Gamma Delta, is blessed historically 
by the preservation there of the log cabin which recalls 
the genius and prowess of the pioneer educator of the 
whole region west of the mountains, John M'Millan. 

From this log college may be traced the foundation, 
not only of old Jefferson College, but of the Washing- 
ton and Jefferson of today, the Western Theological 
Seminary in Alleghany, and Jefferson Medical College 
in Philadelphia. 

For eleven years the cabin was a classical and a the- 
ological school, within whose walls of log and mortar, 
with greased paper for the panes of its two small win- 
dows, and with rough boards for benches, over one hun- 
dred students were educated for the ministry. 

During the life of Old Jefferson College, the cabin 
was always an object of veneration, and the distance be- 
tween Jefiferson College buildings and the M'Millan 
farm was one of the popular constitutionals for the stu- 
dents. The story that the plans of Phi Gamma Delta 
were first promulgated by the founders in the M'Millan 
cabin is traditional but cannot be verified by any early 
records. That the old cabin was, however, without 
question frequented by our founders is testified to by the 
fact that there are to be found carved on the door of the 
old cabin the names of McCarty and Fletcher. 

To the Rev. William F. Brown, D. D., an alumnus 
of Jefiferson College, is due the credit of the preserva- 
tion of the cabin. Dr. Brown's father and grandfather 
had both been presidents of Jefiferson. He himself had 



30 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

been a teacher in the old building, and his enthusiasm 
and love for it were innate. When, in 1895, ^^e de- 
scendants of Dr. M'Millan were about to take down the 
famous cabin. Dr. Brown obtained possession of it and 
removed it to the campus of Jefferson. The occasion of 
its removal was made a time of great celebration. On 
June 18, 1895, there were gathered together, with the 
governor of Pennsylvania, many of the distinguished 
sons of Jefferson. W. R. Allen, of Washington, the 
great-grandson of M'Millan, and his wife, a great- 
granddaughter of Colonel Canon, founder of Canons- 
burg, contributed interest to the occasion. The cabin at 
this time was not placed on a foundation, but was left in 
an obscure place back of the old buildings. 

At the morning session of the Fifty-eighth Ekklesia 
of the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity, held at Old Point 
Comfort, July 27, 1906, a resolution was introduced 
that the Board of Archons be instructed to report to the 
Fifty-ninth Ekklesia the cost of a suitable memorial to 
the founders of Phi Gamma Delta, to be erected at 
Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. The entire matter of inves- 
tigation was put into the hands of the writer, who at the 
Chicago Ekklesia on July 24, 1907, suggested the preser- 
vation of the M'Millan log cabin and the placing 
thereon of an appropriate bronze tablet. This plan was 
adopted. The bronze tablet was designed by and cast 
under the direction of Donald S. Brown, Purdue '04. 
The special features of the tablet are the coat of arms, 
a star under the name of each founder, and the endless 
cord around the entire border of the tablet. 

The burgess of Canonsburg in 1907 was Samuel 
Blaine Ewing, Washington and Jefferson, '89, and it 



THE LOG CABIN 31 

was to a very large degree through his good efforts that 
the negotiations with the trustees of Jefferson Academy 
were conducted to a successful conclusion. 

The following resolutions were promulgated at this 
time by the board of trustees of Jefferson Academy: 

1. Be it resolved. That the permanent care of the 
M'Millan "Log Cabin," wherein Jefferson College had 
its origin, is hereby vested \n the Board of Archons of 
the fraternity of Phi Gamma Delta upon the express 
agreement that said fraternity, through its governing 
board, shall now, and hereafter, preserve said "Log Cabin" 
for the exhibition of mementoes of Jefferson College, sub- 
ject to ordinary wear and tear, unavoidable casualties 
and destruction, and shall be permitted to place on said 
"Log Cabin" a suitable memorial to the founders of said 
fraternity, approved by the governing board of said 
fraternity. 

2. Be it further resolved. That permission is hereby 
given to remove said "Log Cabin" from its present site to 
a point or place of location on the campus at Canonsburg, 
Pennsylvania. 

3. Be it further resolved. That in case the aforesaid 
fraternity shall fail to take proper care of the said "Log 
Cabin," as provided for in the first resolution of this agree- 
ment, for a period of three current years, that the care 
shall revert to the directors of Jefferson Academy. 

That there shall be access to said cabin at all times, by 
the principal of Jefferson Academy and its janitor, who, 
together with the representative of the Phi Gamma Delta 
society, shall have a key thereto; that said principal on 
behalf of said academy and the friends of Jefferson Col- 
lege as well as said fraternity shall have the privilege of 
placing mementoes of said college therein. 

That a copy of these resolutions be certified to the Phi 
Gamma Delta society as the contract between the parties 
hereto. 

That the location of the cabin be delegated to the prop- 



32 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

erty committee of the academy and the representative of 
the Phi Gamma Delta society. 

Approved this September 3d, 1907. 

N. W. Shaefer, 
President of Board of Jefferson Academy. 
J. H. H. Cook, 

Secretary. 

On the 7th of February, 1908, exercises were held in 
the Central Presbyterian church, Canonsburg, under 
the direction of the national officers of Phi Gamma 
Delta. The president of the board of trustees of Jeff- 
erson Academy, Noah W. Shaefer, opened the meeting 
with an address in commemoration of Dr. M'Millan's 
pioneer educational work, following which, in behalf of 
the Jefferson trustees, he turned over to Phi Gamma 
Delta the old cabin to have and to preserve for all time. 
Thomas L. Pogue, national secretary, accepted the 
charge on behalf of the fraternity, promising that it 
should be sacredly kept. 

The Rev. W. F. Brown, D. D., wrote me at the time 
expressing his regret and disappointment that he could 
not be present at the exercises; the rest of his letter 
follows : 

Set it in such a firm way on the classic hill of Canons- 
burg that it can never be hid. Let the watchmen of the 
town guard it against all hurt and desecration. Let the 
artist put it on the glowing canvas. Let the historian 
gather up its records and tell its story, of which we may 
be proud. Let this building proclaim to posterity the 
labors, the sacrifices, the faith, the ideas, and the burning 
hopes of the fathers whose heroic actions made our ad- 
vanced age a possibility. 

Well may we today be proud of this crude building pre- 
sided over by the devoted Christian man, Dr. M'Millan, 
which institution has been the center from which have 




THI8 LOG CABIN WAS BUILT IN 1780 
THE REV. JOHN MCMILLAN D.D. 

AMD WAS THE BEGINNIMC OF 

JEFFERSON COLLEGE. 

IT WAS DONATED BY HIS DESCENDANTS 
THE FOLTON BROTHERS 
TO 
THE REV. WILLIAM F BROWN DD.. 
^^ WHO REMOVED IT TO THIS CAMPUS IN 1895 
W AND COMMITTED IT TO THE GUARDIANSHIP OF 
THE TRUSTEES OF JEFFERSON ACADEMY 
BY ACTION OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 1907 
ITS PERPETUAL CARE WAS ENTRUSTED TO 
THE COLLEGE FRATERNITY OF 

PHI GAMWA DELTA 

FOUNDED IN JEFFERSON COLLEGE IN 1848 
FOB THE HONOR Of THE FOUNDERS OF THE FRATERNITY 
DANIEL WEBSTER CROFTS SAMUEL BEATTY WILSON 

■ .' : -it ' * ' : 

JAMES ELLJQTT HAAMAM FLETCHER 



ELLIS 9JiM|«, 



JOHN TM'CARTY. 



■ ;:!^ ii i:^.^^iMJtiMM£Lia i l: £ i ! S jax LAim l l 



Memorial Tablet 



THE LOG CABIN 33 

radiated hundreds of intellectual lights seen in the pulpit, 
the forum and on the platform, and which have shown 
forth as brilliant rays of truth and reflected honor upon 
their humble Alma Mater. I am filled, I trust, with 
a pardonable pride that my ancestors wrought in this old 
and glorious relic of the past, and therefore I greatly re- 
joiced when I became the recipient of this time-honored 
structure, and it was indeed most welcome news to me, as 
I know it was to the Jefferson Academy trustees, who 
have been so true and faithful to their trust, when your 
fraternity, through you, kindly offered to become the 
future guardians of the historic relic. 

The labors and prayers of my own ancestors, who care- 
fully and tenderly nourished the vine planted by Dr. 
M'Millan, naturally increase the deep interest which I 
now feel as a former Canonsburg boy, as an alumnus of 
Jefferson College, as a pastor once occupying the pulpit 
in Providence Hall, as a professor and principal of Jeffer- 
son Academy, and as a warm friend of education. 

Believing that no charter is superior to the faith and 
labors of our pious pioneer ancestors, I wish to express 
my sincere thanks to you, Mr. Chamberlin, and to your 
fraternity for the great interest you have shown in your 
desire and efforts that "the old log college" may have a 
continued career in future history. 

Very sincerely yours, 
W. F. Brown. 



CHAPTER HI 

THE LITERARY SOCIETIES: FRANKLIN AND PHILO 

DURING the years preceding the activities of 
Phi Gamma Delta, little is known of the rival 
literary societies save the dates of their founding, 
Philo on the 23rd day of August, 1797, by Rev. John 
Watson, Franklin on the 14th day of November, 
1797, by Dr. James Carnahan. As the founders had 
been members of the societies at Princeton, they no 
doubt modelled the constitution, rules, and secret exer- 
cises of the Canonsburg societies on the plan of those 
at Princeton. 

A record of the first years of the Franklin Society 
W2LS found in one of the volumes of "College Miscel- 
lany" collected and bound by Thomas W. B. Crews. 
This pamphlet, published by the Society with J. Tem- 
pleton McCarty as chairman, contains an address 
delivered at the semi-centennial anniversary, Novem- 
ber 14, 1847, by the Rev. W. A. Passavant; and since 
the prosperity of the Franklin literary society was 
for so many years in the hands of the "Delta Associa- 
tion," a short sketch from the data given us by Dr. 
Passavant will not be out of order: 

In 1790 the M'Millan Latin School was removed 
from the log house to a substantial stone building in 
Canonsburg. Shortly after the opening of the new 
building, a debating society was formed by the stu- 
dents, which was a forerunner of two other literary 

[34] 




Seal of Franklik Literary Society 
1848 



THE LITERARY SOCIETIES 35 

societies, the Franklin and the Philo, which labored 
and flourished together until the union of Jefferson 
with Washington. 

The Franklin Society was founded on the evening of 
November 14, 1797, by nine students with the motto of 
Scientia, Amicitia et Virtus. The first resolution ever 
passed by the society was that "the members be required 
to keep its business a profound secret." So fearful 
were they of any violation of this that members were 
not permitted to read an essay in the academy which 
had already been read in the society. Subsequently 
when leakages were discovered in certain quarters, 
married students were not eligible to membership. Of 
the nine members who founded the society, five were 
officers — a chairman, clerk, inspector, and two cor- 
rectors. The names of these officers continued until 
1817 when they were changed to president, vice-presi- 
dent, secretary, clerk, and reviewers. 

In perusing the annals of the society in the first three 
years of its existence, one is impressed with the tone and 
character of its decisions on some of the great questions. 
In 1798 the question was discussed and decided in the 
affirmative, "Would it be politic in the southern states 
to abolish negro slavery?" 

On moral subjects, some of the decisions at this time 
are strangely at variance with the common verdict of 
society at the present day. Thus the question "Would 
it be advantageous to cease the distillation of rye and 
raise more wheat?" was unanimously decided in favor 
of rye. Some time after this decision, a similar ques- 
tion was discussed — "Is not the use of spirituous 
liquors more injurious than beneficial to a country?" 
This also was decided in favor of the spirituous liquors. 



36 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

A rich vein of humor often ran through the early per- 
formances of the society. Thus, for instance, a member 
read a dialogue between a spider and a fly. One youth 
edified the society with an eloquent essay on "Kissing." 
Another graphically described "The Pleasure of Hav- 
ing a Clean Pocket Handkerchief." Another read an 
essay on "A Description of an Ass," and another feel- 
ingly described "The Itch." 

If we may judge from the same records, the days of 
chivalry were not over. Thus the question, "Is Female 
Modesty Natural or Artificial?" was decided by accla- 
mation to be natural. The question, "Ought a Man to 
Whip his Wife on Any Occasion?" was gallantly decid- 
ed in the negative. It is recorded that one Mitchell 
gave a description of a beautiful damsel. Donald 
wrote on "The Female Sex is the Life of Society." 
Chaplain wrote "On the Choice of a Wife." A soli- 
tary individual, Caldwell, had the fortitude to stem 
the popular current of opinion and chose for the sub- 
ject of his essay, "The Horrid Practice of Dancing 
with the Girls." 

Each member, in turn, furnished candles, brought 
water, and kept the door at the meeting of the society. 

Fining was always kept alive. Sinclair and Wilson 
were fined one cent each for "laughing and talking with- 
out permission." Henderson was fined five cents for a 
ridiculous composition, and two cents additional "for 
frequently changing his seat without permission." 
Wallace was fined six cents for holding the poker in his 
hand while debating. 

The jurisdiction of the society extended over the con- 
duct of its members not only while in session but also 













j '"' ^L ; /r^//f//j///'' '/"//""y/l' ~//ll'.>f</'^^ ■/,,/'/^/.' /■///////>/.,>//„ /////,/ ,/. 






Gregg's Fraxklix Diploma 






THE LITERARY SOCIETIES 37 

during the intervals. Members were tried for profan- 
ity, playing cards, and becoming intoxicated. 

During the first five years of its existence, the society 
W2LS without a library. On September 10, 1799, it was 
moved "that a collection be lifted for the purpose of 
purchasing of such a dictionary as may be thought 
necessary for the society." This was the beginning of 
the Franklin Literary Library, which, at the time of 
the founding of the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity, num- 
bered 3,000 volumes, many of the most valuable of 
which were taken out of the library by loyal Franklin- 
ites and hidden so that they might not find their way to 
Washington. 

The literary contests between the Franklin and Philo 
societies commenced as early as 1799, when a chal- 
lenge was given by Franklin to Philo. In the contest of 
1809, the question of the debate was "Is the Soul Cre- 
ated Immediately at the time of its Infusion into the 
Body?" At the contest of 1817, the records report the 
appointing of a committee "to build the stage and to 
hold the candles and snuff them." This was considered 
an honor and such honor was conferred only on mem- 
bers of the more advanced classes. The inspectors of 
the society were often men of prominence. In January, 
1798, James Carnahan, the president of the College of 
New Jersey, wrote: "The Franklin Society promises 
to exceed our highest expectations. We trust it will be 
an honor to the members, a benefit to the academy, and 
will extend its happy influence throughout America." 

One interesting and unique memento of the Frank- 
lin Society is Ellis Bailey Gregg's diploma, the Latin 
words of which are still legible: 



38 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

FRANKLINIA SOCIETAS LITERARIA 

Collegii Jeffersoniensis 

Omnibus has literas Iccturis 

SALUTEM 

Notum sit Ellis B. Gregg, A.B. titulo gradu beneficiis- 
que honorarii sodalis hujusce Institutionis placere nobis 
decorare. Cuius rei in testimonium, Societatis consultu, 
sigillum nostrum commune est affixum. Praesidis, Scri- 
baeque nomina subscripta sunt. 

Datum Decimo Octavo Die Calendarum Julii 
Anno Domini Millesimo Octingentesimo 
Quadragesimo Octavo 

Praeses 

Socii Scriba 

The name of John T. McCarty appears as Praeses; 
G. I. Young as Scriba. Among the names of the 
Socii that follow we have preserved the signatures of 
the founders and other members of the "Delta Associa- 
tion:" Thomas W. B. Crews, J. Q. Adams Jone», 
B. F. Ray, Albert G. Jenkins, John B. Penington, 
J. P. Gilchrist, and James W. Logan. It is manifest 
from the proportion of Delta signatures that the found- 
ers and their new-made brothers of Phi Gamma Delta 
were the real life of the Franklin society. 

The seal of the society, a profile of Benjamin Frank- 
lin, is well nigh effaced from the yellow original. 

In addition to Gregg's diploma, there are now in 
the possession of the Fraternity, through the kindness 
of J. B. Gregg, of Peoria, Illinois, a nephew of Ellis 
Bailey Gregg, two essays or orations of Gregg in 
his own handwriting, addressed to "Gentlemen of the 
Franklin Literary Society:" one a dissertation on the 
1,846 years of the Christian era, dated January i, 1846; 



THE LITERARY SOCIETIES 39 

the other his last work in the Society on "The Right of 
Suffrage." 

While some Deltas were members of Philo and some 
Betas were members of Franklin, yet from the society 
lists preserved by Crews it is evident that Philo was 
dominated in the late forties by Beta Theta Pi, just as 
Gregg's diploma clearly indicates the preponderance of 
Phi Gamma Delta in the Franklin Society. 

The general catalogues of both societies for June, 
1850, preserved in Volume II of Crews' "College Mis- 
cellany," are now in the archives. In the honorary list 
of the Franklin Society appear the following celeb- 
rities: 

Hon. James Buchanan, Hon. Benjamin F. Butler, 
Hon. Jefferson Davis, Hon. Stephen A. Douglas, Hon. 
W. H. Seward, Hon. Daniel Webster. The number of 
honorary members given at this time was 194, regular 
members 1,347, present members 108; total 1,649. 

Philo could boast as distinguished a list with the 
names of Hon. John Quincy Adams, Hon. Henry Clay, 
Hon. Thomas Corwin, Hon. Horace Greeley, Hon. An- 
drew Jackson, and Hon. Martin Van Buren. The total 
number of honorary members in the 1840 catalogue of 
Philo was 205, present members 93, and regular mem- 
bers 1,332; total 1,630. 

The founders and the first initiates of the "Delta As- 
ciation" were exceedingly prominent in the activities of 
the Franklin Society as the copious notes of the minutes 
will attest. 

Perhaps no other document in the possession of the 
fraternity can so vividly conjure up before our eyes the 
student days of '47-'48 and '49, the prolific petty fin- 
ing, the spontaneous wit, the earnest rivalry. 



40 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

MINUTES OF FRANKLIN LITERARY SOCIETY 

JEFFERSON COLLEGE 
January 15, 1847 
Regular debate, "Should a man be convicted of murder 
in the first degree on circumstantial evidence ?" Fletcher 
affirmative, McCarty, deny. (Latter appointed) Merits 
of argument, "Decided equal by committee wuth a slight 
discrimination in favor of the affirmative. Merits of the 
question decided by Society in the affirmative." 

January 22nd 
T. B. Wilson fined 5c "for vi^alking between the chair 
and the speaker." 

February 5th 
Resolved, "That it be optional with members to wear 
slippers or pay 50c tax per session," 

March 5th 

James Elliott applied for membership and elected. Com- 
mittee appointed to publish a catalogue of Society, — Wil- 
son, Sr., Hill, Sexton, S. B. Wilson & Woods, Jr. Com- 
mittee on decoration of hall for contest, — Wilson, Sr., 
Fletcher, Sexton, McCarty, Maxwell & Irwin. 

Wilson, Sr. fined 5c for lounging. 

Fletcher elected Recording Secretary. 

March 12th 
"A rose was adopted as the badge of Society" (for 
contest). 

Committee to procure hangings for the chandelier, — 
Wilson, Sr,, McCarty & Todd. 

N. Fletcher, Scriba. 

March iqth 
Elliott "appeared and took his seat as a member." 
Committee on order for contest, — Geary, McCarty, Wil- 
son, Sr., & Hall were members with others. 

N. Fletcher, Secretary. 

March 23RD 
Society convened in Providence Hall. "The contestors 










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Commencement Program, Washington College, 1847 
James G. Blaine one of the speakers 



THE LITERARY SOCIETIES 41 

exercised themselves upon the stage which had been erected 
in the hall, after which the Society adjourned." 

N. Fletcher, Secretary. 

March 25, 1847 

"A large and brilliant audience assembled in Providence 
Hall which had been previously decorated in a style of 
magnificence and grandeur never before equaled." 
Franks won select oration, essay and debate; took 13 
points out of 20. 

April 2nd 

S. B. Wilson chosen contest debater for '48. Commit- 
tee, — to remodel library room, — Wilson, Sr., Beveridge, 
& Pugh. "Is conscience innate?" Crofts deny. Wilson, 
Sr., IOC for books. N. Fletcher, Scriba. 

April 9th 
Esq. McCullough, Phineas Gurley & Stephen Douglas 
were elected honorary members. N. Fletcher, Scriba. 

April i6th 
Wilson, Sr., and others fined for disorder and for boots. 
McKay loc "for quoting Scripture." 

N. Fletcher, Scriba. 
April 23RD 
Subscribed for "Eclectic," "Littells" and "North Amer- 
ican Review." S. B. Wilson and Wilson, Sr., loc each 
"for talking during performance." Fletcher, Scriba. 
So endeth these labors ! amen, amen. [A single line in 
very small lettering by Fletcher.] 

April 30TH 
Elliott, Vice President, pro tem. Findley, loc "for sit- 
ting in the window." Crofts, 25c "for refusing to debate 
when appointed." Pelham, loc "for sitting in an improp- 
er posture." 

May 14TH 
Committee of three "to attend to the library in vaca- 
tion," — Wilson, Sr., Beveridge & Carson, Sr. 
May 2 1 ST 
"The granting of Mr. Crofts an honorable dismission 



42 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

from Society was deferred till the next meeting. A com- 
mittee of Mr. Crofts's particular friends was appointed 
to confer with him. Committee, — S. B. Wilson, Mc- 
Carty & Salisbury." 

June 4TH, 1847 
McCarty fined 25c "for disorder." [All six Phi Gam- 
ma Delta founders were Franks.] 

September 17TH 
"Mr. Crofts was granted an honorable dismission." 
Elliott elected essayist for contest. 

September 24TH 

S. A. Quay elected member of Society and initiated. 
Subject for debate on contest in '48, as contained in min- 
utes of this date, "Was the death of Mary Queen of Scots 
justifiable?" 

S. B. Wilson, IOC "for bringing a cane into Society." 
Committee to confer with Philo Committee regarding time 
of next contest, — Wilson, Sr., McCarty & Vincent. 

October 8th 

M. Quail elected member of Society. M. Quail initia- 
ted October 15 th. 

October 15TH 

Fletcher debated affirmative of question, "Is Faith 
natural to man ?" and won. "Mr. Crofts was reinstated 
a regular member of this Society." Elliott and Wilson, 
Sr., granted optional attendance. Gregg elected Corre- 
sponding Secretary. Gregg and McCarty, 25c each "for 
non-performance last meeting." 

October 22nd 
Ray initiated. Wilson, Sr., S. B. Wilson, Quay & 
Quail not required to perform. 

November i2th, 1847 
"Fletcher's suspension was taken off. The suspension 
of S. B. Wilson was taken off and his fine repealed." 

Wednesday Evening, November 17TH 
The Semi-Centenary of the Society observed in Provi- 



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Commencement Program, Washington College, 1848 



THE LITERARY SOCIETIES 43 

dence Hall. "A large and brilliant audience was pres- 
ent." Orators, Jacob Winters, p:sq. of Canonsburg and 
Rev. Passavant of Pittsburg. [An account of Passavant's 
oration appears earlier in this chapter.] Expense of 
Semi-Centenary $5i--2-l. One item, "Expense of one of 
committee going to and returning from Pittsbure — 
$3.50." 

November iqth 
Brown, loc "for bringing a cane into the hall." Stone- 
road, IOC "for playing with Brown's cane." 

November 26th 
Select debaters, — Fletcher & Frazer. 

E. B. Gregg, Corresponding Secretary. 

December 3rd 
Letter from the Philo Society: — 

"Philo Hall, December 3, 1847 
"Gentlemen of the Franklin Literary Society: 

"I am authorized to inform you that Mr. Lawrence C. 
Hepburn has been expelled from this Society. 

"Yours truly, 

"S. H. Dickie 
"Corresponding Secretary." 
"Fletcher's fines and suspension were taken off." 

December 17TH 
Thomas B. Wilson's name appears as member of a com- 
mittee. Also McCarty's, Crofts's & Fletcher's. Crews 
elected a member of Society. 

December 31, 1847 
"Mr. Crews appeared and took his seat as a regular 
member." 

Wilson, Sr., chairman of committee on decision of de- 
bate. Frazer beat Fletcher in debate. McCarty, "25c for 
disrespect to Society." 

'Lyceum" — T. B. Wilson read an essay treating of 
"Thunder Storms." 

Woodrow excused till next time. Wilson & Woodrow 
elected "Curators." Fletcher, Secretary. 



44 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

January 21, 1848 
Fletcher and Ray elected Librarians. Crofts, chairman 
of Committee on Membership. Quay, Reviewer. Good- 
willie. Recorder. 

January 28th 
Probationers for debate on contest : Fletcher, Perkins, 
Frazer & T. B. Wilson. McCarty fined for boots, Crofts 
for leaving the hall. 

February 4th 
McCarty paid $10.00 "for the purpose of refitting the 
hall in vacation." 

February iith 
Financial report signed by Thomas B. Wilson, George 
C. Arnold & I. Hays. McCarty a member of "Com- 
mittee on hall and library" making report. 

S. B. Wilson, chairman of Committee on Constitution. 
Quay fined 25c for absenting himself immediately pre- 
ceding his performance. 

February i8th 
"Is the present war with Mexico a just war on the part 
of the United States ?" On merits of argument — in 
favor of the negative. [Wilson, Sr., a member of the 
committee.] Merits of question also in favor of negative 
by Society. Crews permitted to read his debate and ex- 
cused from speaking twice on debate. Gregg fined lOc 
for leaving hall without permission, 
March 17, 1848 
B. C. Ward received into membership. 

March 31ST 
"The probationers on debate performed except T. B. 
Wilson who declined performing. After which the elec- 
tion resulted in the choice of Fletcher." Crews fined loc 
for sitting in a window reading a newspaper. Hamilton 
for lying on Moore's knee, loc. 

April 14TH 
Mr. A. M. Reid was initiated. "The resolution of 
May 21, '47, to abolish the opening and closing of Society 
with prayer was expunged from the minutes." 



THE WHITE HOUSE 

WASHINGTON 



6 March, I9I8, 



liy dear Mr, Chamberlin: 

I have your letter of March fourth 
and in reply would say that the Reverend Doctor 
James Woodrow, to whom you. refer, v;aa my mother's 
brother. I did not know that he was a member of 
ajiy college fraternity. 

In haste 

Cordially and sincerely yoTnrs-, 




Mr. William P. Chamberlin, 
Hartford. Connecticut, 




THE LITERARY SOCIETIES 45 

April 2ist 
Gregg was temporary Vice President. "Our debater, 
Mr. Fletcher, was granted optional attendance." 

April 28th 
McCarty elected President. Goodwillie, Correspond- 
ing Secretary, and Hall, Reviewer. James Elliott elected 
valedictorian (representing senior class). Messrs. George 
Bancroft, W. H. Prescott and Longfellow proposed for 
honorary memberships. "At a meeting of the seniors, Mr. 
Naaman Fletcher was chosen Response." Henry Clay 
elected an honorary member. "Committee was appointed 
to solicit subscriptions for the insertion of a drawing of 
the village of Canonsburg in our catalogues." 

May 5TH 
Bancroft, Prescott & Longfellow elected honorary 
members. "Drawing of the college buildings ordered sent 
to Baltimore to be lithographed." [For the catalogue] 
400 impressions. "Committee to revise constitution pre- 
paratory to receiving the charter," — Crofts, S. B. Wil- 
son & Elliott, Sr. John T. McCarty, President. 

May 12, 1848 

Charter was received. Report of committee to revise 
constitution received and adopted. Constitution adopted. 

Thanked Mrs. Herriott for the drawing of the college 
buildings. Thomas B. Wilson "attests" application of 
James E. Buchanan for membership. 

Elias Prow was "factotum" at $25.00 per year to keep 
the hall in order, lift and clean carpet once a session, etc. 
Fletcher, Frazer & Perkins, Committee. 

May 19TH 
Absent, Wilson, Sr. Those required of the third divi- 
sion performed their respective duties except Wilson, Sr., 
Ray. Letter received from Hon. H. Clay acknowledging 
reception of our letter informing him of his election to 
honorary membership. Mr. Clay's letter was ordered to 
be framed and hung in the library. Crews's fine was 
taken off. 



46 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

May 26th 
Wilson, Sr.'s fine was taken off. Crews's fine was 
taken off. Crews fined loc for prompting himself. 
Crews fined loc for disorder in library. 

June 2nd 

Ray & Crews fined loc each for reading letters. Crews, 
IOC for going out without permission. 

June qth 
Absent, Wilson, Sr. Election of officers — Ray, Presi- 
dent, Elliott, Vice President. Eight appointed a "Com- 
mittee of Order" for commencement, — Ray, Fletcher, 
Hall, Goodwillie, Crews, Grier, Logan, Sr., & Ward. A 
committee of three appointed to select a chaplain, — 
Fletcher, chairman. "The factotum was ordered to go 
around town and gather up the books." 

June 13TH 
Adjourned meeting. "The valedictory was delivered 
by James Elliott of Ohio, — the response by N. Fletcher, 
Esq. of Ohio." 

John T. McCarty, Pres. 

[End of term] 

Session ending June 14th, '48, roll contained 99 mem- 
bers. 

September 16, 1848 
"There being no president, Wilson Sr. was called to 
the chair and initiated such of the officers elect as were 
present." Standing Committees : On Constitution, — 
Wilson, Sr., Chairman. On Finance, Fletcher, Chair- 
man. B. F. Ray, President. 

September 22nd 
Absent, second calling of the roll, Wilson, Sr. "Wil- 
son, Sr., was permitted to read an essay instead of de- 
claim." Challenged the Philo Literary Society "to meet 
us on contest at a time," etc. Committee reported they 
had purchased a frame to cover the letter received from 
the Hon. Henry Clay. Cost 50c. 




Com 



M 



ENCEMENT PROGRAM, JeFFERSOX CoLLEGE, 1848 



THE LITERARY SOCIETIES 47 

September 29TH 
"A committee of three was appointed to take into con- 
sideration the propriety of having a public exhibition and 
to draft a plan for it." Committee, Wilson, Sr., Arnold 
Si Perkins. The challenge for contest was returned by the 
Philo Society "Without being answered." Crews fined 
IOC "for walking about the hall during a performance." 

October 6th 
Resolved, that the By-Laws be amended so as to read, 
"Any member by paying 25c at the commencement of each 
session, shall not be subject to boots fines during that 
session." The committee appointed to propose a plan of 
exhibition reported, "George C. Arnold, T. B. Wilson & 
C. H. Perkins." "Committee on Constitution" recom- 
mended changes, — laid on the table. Thomas B. Wil- 
son, George C. Arnold. 

October 13TH 
Absent second calling of the roll, Wilson, Sr. Wilson, 
Sr., "excused from performance." Fletcher and Frazer 
unanimously elected as debaters for approaching "Exhibi- 
tion." Amendments to the Constitution laid on the table 
at former meeting, "Taken up and adopted." Amend- 
ments to By-Laws ditto. 

October 20th, 1848 
"An election for officers being entered into resulted in 
the choice of Wilson, Sr., President; Smith, Sr., Vice 
President; Wilson, Jr., Recording Secretary; Fletcher 
& Sloan, Reviewers; Quail, Jr., and McKay, Librarians." 
Crews was excused from debating. 

October 27TH 
"The officers elect entered upon the discharge of the 
duties of their respective offices after solemnly promising 
to discharge them with impartiality and fidelity." J. Q. 
A. Jones's name presented for membership. Attests, T. B. 
Wilson, B. F. Ray & Fletcher. Also John Van Lear. 
Attests, James W. Logan, Thomas B. Wilson & B. F. 
Ray. [A penciled note follows] : "Mr. Van Lear is 



48 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

d d sorry he was ever elected. How about that 



[man?]" [Last word illegible.] 

"The Vice President was ordered to pay Elias Prow 
$1.20 for repairs done by him to the library room and 
hall." B. F. Ray presented to Society, Sears's "Guide 
to Knowledge" valued by the committee at $2.50. 
T. B. Wilson, President 
R. F. Wilson, Recording Secretary 

November 3rd 
B. C. Ward & T. W. B. Crews chosen "Select Ora- 
tors" for exhibition. 

T. B. Wilson, President 

R. F. Wilson, Recording Secretary 

October qth 
"Crews fined loc for upsetting ink on the Recording 
Secretary's minutes." 

November 24TH 
"Hamilton, loc for attempting to bribe the President 
[T. B. W.] with an apple." 

Wilson, Sr., President 

Wilson, Sr., Recording Secretary 

December ist 
W. Quail, IOC for absence the first calling of the roll. 
T. B. Wilson, President 
R. F. Wilson, Recording Secretary 
N. Fletcher, Reviewer 
Wm. Quail, Librarian 

December 8th, 1848 
Wm. Quail fined loc for boots and M. Quail fined lOc 
for lounging. 

Arbuckle, "for lounging on Fletcher." Wilson, Sr., for 
not returning three books, November 25th-30th. Spencer 
& Stewart, "for eating nuts," loc each. Select debaters, 
Hutchinson Sc Wilson, Sr. 

Geo. C. Arnold, President 
D. H. Goodwillie, Secretary 



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Commencement Program, Jefferson College, 1849 



THE LITERARY SOCIETIES 49 

December 15TH 
"Quail, Jr.'s boots fine was repealed." "Wilson, Sr.'s 
fine for books was repealed." Crews's fine for books was 
repealed. Crews & Perkins were appointed Librarians 
during vacation. 

January 5th, 1849 
Standing committee on Library, — Burt, Perkins, Wil- 
son, Sr. On Constitution, — Fletcher, Barnett, Carson. 

January 26th 
Select debaters, — Spence & Quail, Jr. "A committee 
was appointed to visit the faculty in relation to the time of 
holding exhibition, — Ray, Wilson, Sr., & Elliott." 

February 2nd 

Select debate, — "Can the immortality of the soul be 
proved without the aid of revelation?" Affirmative, 
Hutchinson, — Negative, Wilson. Merits of argument 
decided in favor of negative. 

"A committee was appointed to draft resolutions rela- 
tive to the death of James Allison. Committee, — Messrs. 
Quail, Jr., Hall & Wilson." Wilson, Sr., & Reid, Jr., 
elected reviewers. Fletcher fined loc for disorder. Quail, 
Jr., for boots, loc. Quail, Jr., with Elliott, Ray and half 
a dozen others, loc each "for disrespect to the officers and 
to the Society." 

Jas. W. Logan, President 

February 16, 1849 
Mr. Quay was elected a regular member. Fletcher 
volunteered to debate the negative of question, "Is reason 
essentially different from instinct?" On merits of argu- 
ment, decided by committee in favor of negative. "The 
time for holding the exhibition was appointed on Thurs- 
day the 29th of March." "A supper was agreed to be 
given to the performers on the evening of the exhibition." 
"The resolutions reported by the committee on the death 
of J. B. Allison were adopted." The following request 
was received : "Gentlemen of the Franklin Society — 
Wishing to become a member of one of the literary soci- 



50 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

eties of this Institution and preferring yours, I hereby 
soh'cit membership. M. Stanley Quay." Spence & Quail, 
Jr., "for disrespect to the President, each loc." 
February 23 rd 

President and Vice President being absent Mr. Fletcher 
was appointed President pro tempore. Mr. Quay was in- 
itiated and took his seat as a regular member. Select de- 
bate, "Should Congress pass the Wilmot Proviso?" Quail, 
Jr., & Spence. Merits of argument, in favor of negative. 
"Is man governed more by divine than human law?" 
[regular debate] Vaneman, Sr., and Wilson. Merits of 
argument in favor of affirmative. 
March qth 

"A committee of sixteen appointed as a Committee of 
Order for exhibition." On this committee, Goodwillie, 
Elliott, Wilson, Sr., Hall, Ray and Pershing. Invitations 
extended to Philos, students of Washington College, of 
the Female Seminary at Canonsburg and of the Theo- 
logical Seminary. Quail, Jr. fined lOc for boots. 
March i6th 

"A committee was appointed to invite the President of 
the College to preside at our exhibition," — Wilson, Sr., 
and Fletcher. Quail, Jr., for non-performance, 25c. Ap- 
propriated for expenses of exhibition, $50.00 for music 
and $8.00 for supper for performers and $7.60 for pro- 
grams. "A scrap book be purchased for preserving the 
letters received by Society." 

March 26th, 1849 

Adjourned meeting. An additional $5.00 appropriated 
for decorating Providence Hall. Trustees of College in- 
vited to attend exhibition. All members meet in Franklin 
Hall Thursday evening at 6 o'clock. 

EXHIBITION 

March 29TH 

A large and brilliant audience assembled in Providence 

Hall which had been previously decorated in a style for 

magnificence and splendor never surpassed or even equaled 




COMMENCEMEXT PROGRAM, JeFFERSOX CoLLEGE, 1 85 1 



THE LITERARY SOCIETIES 51 

on any former occasion. White's Pittsburgh band was 
present and gave much life and variety to the exercises. 
Prayer was offered by A. T. Magill, D.D., of Alleghany 
City after which the regular exercises ensued as follows: 

Order of Performances 

Select Oration, Public Opinion, B. C. Ward, St. 
Charles, III. 

Select Oration, Star Spangled Banner, T. W. B. 
Crews, Glasgow, Mo. 

Essay, The Literary Pioneer, Augustus Burt, Cam- 
bridge, Ohio. 

Essay, Pride of Ancestry, Its Influence, James W. 
Logan, Cecil, Pa. 

Original Oration, Mystery of Life, C. H. Perkins, 
West Canaan, Ohio. 

Original Oration, The Real in Life, J. P. Gilchrist, 
Butler, Pa. 

Discussion 

Question, Is error in judgment a proper subject of 
Moral Disapprobation ? 

Affirmative, George Frazer, Wellsville, Ohio. Deny, 
N. Fletcher, Esq., Sidney, Ohio. 

Benediction by A. T. Magill, D.D. 

Wm. Campbell, Secretary 
Session Ended March 30th 
May 4TH 

Committee on Decoration of Hall for the exhibition re- 
ported an expenditure of $12.00, part of which was Mc- 
Daniel k, Block, $1.38. Standing Committee on Library 
for the Session, — Wilson, Sr., Hall & Vaneman. 
A. M. Reid performed in both essay and original oration 
classes. "On motion, one half dozen spit boxes be pur- 
chased." 

Franklin Society, June ist, 1849 

T. B. Wilson, Chairman of "Committee of Decision" 
on debates, — "Is there any necessary evil?" and "Does 
woman contribute more to the establishment of national 
character than man?" Former in favor of affirmative. 



52 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

Latter in favor of negative. Both on arguments. Crews 

fined 25c for absence both callings of the roll last meeting. 

June 8th 

Crews's fines [with those of others] "were removed." 
In Franklin Library, 2412 volumes. 

J. Q. A. Jones, President, Pro tern. 
J. W. Logan, Vice President, Pro tern. 
June 15TH 

"This being the evening for the election of valedicto- 
rian and response, the balloting resulted in the choice of 
T. B. Wilson as valedictorian and L C. Pershing as re- 
sponse." Four members fined loc each for boots. 
[Wearing in hall.] Crews, "for being out over 30 min- 
utes, IOC." j^j^g 22ND 

Debate, "Was the brilliant career of Luther owing 
more to his superior intellect than to external circum- 
stances?" Discussed on the negative by Wilson, [T. B.] 
Decision by committee in favor of negative, on arguments. 
Thomas B. Wilson & George Frazer signed an "amend- 
ment to the By-Laws, Art. 6, Sec. 3," regarding reception 
[form of] new members. 

June 29TH 

"Are short terms of political office desirable?" De- 
bated by Crews on the negative. Decision by committee 
on merits of argument in favor of affirmative, — by ma- 
jority. Committee on Decision, — Wilson, Sr., Grier & 
Linton. "The Vice President was authorized to refund 
Wilson, T. B., $2.25 the price of Whipple's Miscellanies 
which he had procured for Society." Crews fined loc 
"for absence over 30 minutes." Fletcher, "for going out 
without permission, loc." 

July 13, 1849 

Debate, "Should the veto power be restricted?" Af- 
firmative, Wilson, Sr., appointed in place of Stewart, 
absent. Committee decided in favor of affirmative [by 
majority] "on merits of arguments." Hall elected pres- 
ident. Declined. D. H. Goodwillie elected. Wilson, 
Sr., fined 25c "for non-performance." 






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THE LITERARY SOCIETIES 53 

July 2oth 

Report of Librarians signed by M. S. Quay & Stone. 
Committee on Commencement included Crews & Logan. 
[Crew's fines were frequent "for absence" in the records.] 
Six fined lOc for boots. 

D. Hall elected orator for contest ('50). Wm. E. 
McLaren placed a note in hands of the Secretary solicit- 
ing membership in the Society, dated July 27th. Mc- 
Laren & R. W. Playford elected and initiated. "Wilson, 
Sr., fine for non-performance was repealed." Library vol- 
umes, 2917. Price of Society diplomas, 75c. Crews one 
of the librarians during vacation. Quay fined loc "for 
disorder in Library room" [with two others]. 

July 30TH 

Seniors requested to wear "blue ribands" on commence- 
ment. 

July 31ST 

Adjourned meeting. "The valedictory by the present 
senior class was delivered by Thomas B. Wilson and the 
response in behalf of Society by Israel C. Pershing." Let- 
ter was sent to the Female Seminary inviting them to 
attend this evening at the address of Dr. D. H. Riddle. 
[This address was in connection with the delivery of the 
Society diplomas to the seniors.] 

The Franklin and Philo Halls still exist in the old 
college buildings. Philo Hall is used by the Historical 
Society of Canonsburg as a museum. The old rostrum 
and rail are still preserved in Franklin Hall, which is 
used as a ^'Memorial Room," in which are hung por- 
traits of Jefferson presidents from the time of M'Millan 
1790, to the day in 1865 when Jefferson ceased its inde- 
pendence and united with Washington as Washington 
and Jefferson College, with the inauguration of Jona- 
than Edwards as president. The old motto, Scientia, 
Amicitia et Virtus can today be read over the hall door. 



CHAPTER IV 

OLD COMMENCEMENT PROGRAMS 

OUR interest in the commencement programs of 
Jefferson and Washington produced here lies 
mainly in the body of testimony they furnish to estab- 
lish the high scholarship of members of the "Delta As- 
sociation." 

The Washington program of 1847 was held before 
the installation of the Beta Chapter, but it contains one 
name of interest to us, James G. Blaine, the chum of 
Edmiston, McCann, Forsythe, Leavitt, and Stewart, 
who in 1848 formed the Beta Chapter of Phi Gamma 
Delta. Tradition says that Blaine was pledged to 
Phi Gamma Delta but left college before the installa- 
tion of Beta Chapter. 

Of the twelve honor men on the Washington pro- 
gram for '48, eleven belonged to Beta Chapter, a fact 
which met with vigorous opposition from the non-fra- 
ternity element and called forth the first of the lam- 
poons described later in this chapter. 

Of the eight Deltas in the Jefferson class of 1848, 
Penington, Elliott, Jenkins, McCarty, S. B. Wilson, 
Crofts, Gregg, and Pershing, the first five each had 
some part in the commencement exercises. Five of 
Phi Gamma Delta's founders graduated with this class. 
The three other members all attained more than usual 
prominence. 

John B. Penington, after teaching for a few years 

[54] 



FROORAMIiXi: 

§:^-f SECOND GRAND qOI^VERSAZIONE OF THE* 

pMi GAMMA DELTA SOCIETY. 

tVaishinfrton, Penn'a, September 3Mb, 1 8S0. 

"HOBTHAM POTHTATXII; PEarASKBTASQDE." 

OitDEH OF EXERCISES- 

AnyW Solutrttcrj, ^ - . . . . Bubjert, Jozllo't Cooed 

Tbe Brigit M»m)». 

'•.■'■'". 5^.;3f> .■ ■ C«rrot Hmi, 

j^jj^lf III Sr<(Vni, - - - ' - - - TIk Wood Packer'*. Ob^lih i«al. 

.4lViitHiii, - BobjK-t, ^ ■ , - SxvTB on m D^wmao or jfusttmr. 

•Bit>7 FjMJta. 
^-^ (MUSIC— tVlf Bcptimt,^ Of Bamt) 

brodo., S«lij«rt, ';, Baoxu PUBMU Jomnro, »t lira Pni Guou DttT* Socnrrr. 

■ Traitor aa.';. 
(,EitBmoajUe Snft.) 

QPJSST/OA".— Who are the Great«r Me%— %ab; F»ced Xm k BlacV Arcb, orTiahcr 2tdt & 

, " "Old Dmgy? 

.j»^.- ..^-" - I'- LEGGS DUNCAN. 

A^.- - -r WHEELING WHJ NEE. 

OmJ AiituM, li^ iIm iainStsbiB Jnuor Trio— Rro^lgBftiaLur ynx^kx, Dokkkt Jom, ud Ssccr Dud Su: . ' ,. 
Trt<»lllli»i| niTniirrr Fiimi I H«uj&i^£tj^4|b F<i«» Mitt nwosfnia) M itofrmk af MMMitite ' 

Ite X>acrM«r A 8 S «a W omfim d «r«a *• Oatmiamg Habm <f tli* Ptf S^Jtiu D»tA H i i Ulf, \ 

W: ' . . ■'■■ ■■^-/.^: ■; , " - 




Bogus Program, 1850 



OLD COMMENCEMENT PROGRAMS 55 

immediately after leaving college, studied law, and 
later became prominent in politics, serving successively 
as a member of the Delaware legislature, clerk of the 
House of Representatives of Delaware, United States 
District Attorney for Delaware, Attorney-General of 
Delaware, and member of Congress. 

Albert G. Jenkins at twenty-seven was a member of 
Congress from Virginia. When the South seceded he 
was a delegate to the Provisional Confederate Congress, 
and later a brigadier-general in the Confederate army, 
dying in 1864 of wounds received in battle. It is of 
him that the story is told in connection with the burning 
of Chambersburg during Lee's invasion of Pennsylvan- 
ia. General Jenkins was ordered to apply the torch. 
A representative citizen of the town came to intercede 
with him in its behalf, urging their college friendship, 
but was refused on the ground that he did not "wear the 
right kind of pin." The general had on his Phi 
Gamma Delta badge at the time. 

Cyrus L. Pershing was at one time a member of the 
Pennsylvania legislature, and was the unsuccessful can- 
didate for Congress, for the Supreme Court of Pennsyl- 
vania, and for Governor of the state. In 1872 he was 
elected President-Judge of the Twenty-First Judicial 
District of Pennsylvania, which position he held contin- 
uously for about thirty years through successive elec- 
tions. During his first term of office the trial of the 
infamous "Molly Maguire" gang was held in his cir- 
cuit, resulting in the conviction of members of the gang 
and the complete overthrow of that lawless organiza- 
tion. 

The sixth founder, Naaman Fletcher, in whose hands 
the fostering of the new-fledged society was left, ap- 



56 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

pears on the Jefferson commencement program for '49 
with an oration on "Supremacy of Law," which some 
listening critic who held the surviving program has 
pencil-marked "very good." 

Other Deltas in the graduating class of '49 were J. 
M. Barnett, T. B. Wilson, and James Woodrow, all 
afterward ordained to the Presbyterian ministry; John 
P. Gilchrist, and B. F. Ray, later merchants; J. Q. A. 
Jones, and John H. Mathers, who, like Fletcher, be- 
came lawyers; and J. W. Logan, journalist. 

The program of '51 contains fewer familiar names. 
That of William E. McLaren, later Bishop of Chicago, 
will always be honored. Three other members of this 
class, Braddock, R. P. Kennedy, and W. S. Wilson, 
were also later ordained. S. B. Mercer became a 
teacher; and Thomas W. B. Crews, who left Jefferson 
in his Junior year, graduated from Union College in 
'51 and followed the legal profession. 

With the exception of the Jefferson program for 
1849, the originals of these programs are in the possess- 
ion of the Rev. Maurice E. Wilson, D.D., of Beaver 
Falls, Pennsylvania. 

Gregg's diploma from Jefferson has been preserved 
with his Franklin diploma. It bears the College seal, 
which was a roll of paper with three books on which a 
snake is coiled about a big stick, facing the rising sun. 
The diploma is inscribed as follows: 

OMNIBUS ET SINGULIS 

Has Literas Lecturis 

SALUTEM 

Nos Primarfus et Professores Collegii Jeffersonensis 
Testatum Volumus ingenuum juvenum Ellis B. Gregg 
hujus academias alumnum, studiis bonarum literarum 



THE THIRD GRAND CONVERSAZIONE, 



(3>iv> 'cfOccaB 




Giirfuju) li'eir br«l(» laCollog* CiMiwl 
Th67 nMf m irtil-Vis "nJ «°"' ™' ""•*' 
Plain Urali to upA''^ 

Bj ituit o" GtmI f" 






, SONG.— i>ft if (Sliitf ««">'«' fl'"^'" ^"^'^"'' 
" ■ • Dm ienBfitf<n ^™i'«'><r e*"ff'"r- 

.ijr,.- ^,. i' •■ ■SOfSG.r^lfsmtyU Power. 



B; Si;*-' 



COliOQDIAl. DlflC088i(ON — SowiCT— Am»l«&ni»lic 



Pioklc Tnmni> iujd lbs JtniM I 
Sabob Mid HilUin. 



I NT EMISSION. 

•- ;■ Bono BS THE l&OTHEBMCiOD.-S 

' ■' '•Tb«;>'(f«ld;^M>(lguogoJ'""l bit. . 

Until the groun4l[ firf mites iround 
Wm iipwiatlritJWJEir UixA 
\ 1 1.0 of E««s, f^ "TiJ oyw. 
lAo tinlo Hwmi^uia rciiob^d tb« ulrit*." 

AFTKBAO*Oi«. 

or tbc PtrLU,ili«r thoi •.wn.tion r^ompl.aMl •»«) I>'"»l'i'"«^ 

80NO — l.«»e Str.«BL, f^>» litl'c- t^oi.tMn. fl«t> 
<)B*TION,-SiiiLr«<rr--y»t Fru.ci.% or liMUly P«l«»iifiA 

gO\0— -tA Ton., Tiltjr Mi«i» " 
VjOKCiCrrORT - A b-,rL.\M*TION_"V Vd --.rvo WKt o.« of mj »r^ 

M«ra., h^** B«^ ~ .- . ..rv«.<(' 



ORATlf>N — ftiiiniMi C»l>»bilit» 



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Bogus Program, 185 i 



OLD COMMENCEMENT PROGRAMS 57 

operam dedisse, eumque post varia examina approbatum, 
consensu Curatorum, gradum Baccalaurei in artibus lib- 
eralfbus consecutum esse, et omnia jura privilegia im- 
munitatesque ad hunc gradum pertinentia. Cujus rei in 
testimonium, nos, publico sigillo appenso, nomina apposui- 
mus DATUM CANONSBURGI Quart. Kal. Octob. 
Anno Domini Millesimo, Octingentesimo Quadragesimo 
Octavo. 

A. B. Brown President, etc. 

Wm. Smith Prof, of Greek 

Henry Smyth Prof. Math. 

S. R. Williams Prof. Nat. Philos. & Chem. 

R. W. Orr Prof, of Latin 

Mention has already been made of the bogus pro- 
gram or lampoon which appeared simultaneously with 
the Washington Commencement September 27, 1848, 
and which was occasioned by an incident related in a let- 
ter of a contemporary, John Scott Colmery, who on the 
60th anniversary of his initiation into Phi Gamma Delta 
in 1848 sent us greetings from Varden, Mississippi: 

After senior examinations which occurred six weeks be- 
fore commencement, we all put on our pins. Honors had 
all been conferred, speakers chosen, etc. All the honor 
men, all speakers had pins. Then there was a regular 
fury. Rebellion in the class, charges of conspiracy, and 
everything imaginable, charged against the secret organ- 
ization. Honors were bestowed by the faculty. Speakers 
were elected by the two societies, six from each, hence 
twelve in all were wearing the diamond. The rebels ap- 
pealed to the faculty, so they agreed to appoint speakers 
according to scholarship. The faculty appointed the same 
twelve. This ended it until commencement day, when a 
bogus program was issued by the rebels. Can't remember 
all the caricatures, but this one: They had the question 
for debate, "Who struck Billy Patterson?" Affirm, Little 
Billy Fleming; deny, Call Mary J. Scott. We seniors 



58 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

got our A.B. all right, but the incoming seniors and 
juniors had a hard time the next session. The faculty 
declared war against all secret societies. Some Delta stu- 
dents went to Jefferson and graduated. 

The "Grand Exhibition" boldly gives names. 

"Red-head Jemes Black" became a professor of 
Greek, Washington College, '59-'68; vice-president of 
Washington and Jefferson, '68; president State Uni- 
versity of lov^^a, '68-'7o; president Female College, 
Pittsburgh ^yo-^jc^\ professor of Greek, Wooster, '75, 
until his death in 1890. In 1883 Princeton honored 
Dr. Black with its LL.D. 

"H. D. McCann, pregnant w^ith Satanic ambition," 
became an attorney of some prominence in New Or- 
leans, and died of consumption in Philadelphia, Penn- 
sylvania, December 12, 1855. 

"Pumpkin-head Johnny Marquis" was a Presbyter- 
ian minister, and at one time was principal of Jefferson 
Academy. 

"Red-head Bombasticus Stewart" was John B. Stew- 
art, who became a Presbyterian minister, occupying 
large churches in Cincinnati, Milwaukee, Des Moines, 
and Riverside, California. 

"Leather-lip maw-mouthed Forsythe:" There were 
two men named Forsythe in the old Washington 
chapter, both graduating in 1848. It is not known 
which was entitled to be called "leather-lip." James 
C. Forsythe became a preacher of the Dutch Reformed 
church and afterwards was a Presbyterian minister. He 
died December 29, 1897. James H. Forsythe entered 
upon a business career, and died in St. Louis on Sep- 
tember 6, 1867. 

"Black David, the Hog Drover" in all probability 




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OLD COMMENCEMENT PROGRAMS 59 

was David Edmiston, the only David in the class of '48. 
Edmiston was a captain of U. S. Artillery from '61 to 
'64. He was superintendent of schools in Olney, Illi- 
nois, and later resided in Harper, Kansas. 

"Eli-ass Dodd" served during the Civil War as Cap- 
tain of a band in Pennsylvania militia. He studied med- 
icine and practiced for many years in Van Buren, 
Pennsylvania. 

"Little Fleming" was William A, Fleming. He be- 
came a Presbyterian minister, and is now deceased. 

"Innocent Johnny Craig" was John H. Craig. He 
studied law with Hon. T. M. T. McKenna, of Wash- 
ington, and practiced law in Keokuk, Iowa, where he 
died. 

The non-appearance of a bogus in 1849 and the use of 
pseudonyms in 1850 may have been the result of faculty 
interference and opposition to the libel of 1848, though 
no doubt the depleted membership of Delta in '49 had 
something to do with it. 

The second "Grand Conversazione" of the Phi Gam- 
ma Delta Society appeared September 25, 1850, and 
though the lampooned men undoubtedly recognized 
themselves even under disguise, it is a hopeless task for 
us to attempt to identify "Carrot Head" and "Traitor 
Zach." 

The third and last "Grand Conversazione" came out 
in 1 85 1. "Mellifluous Frank" was probably Francis 
H. Power, who became a Presbyterian minister, entered 
the army, and died at Nashville, October 16, 1863. 
"Bombasticus Braydy" may have been Freeman Brady 
who practiced law in the courts of Washington, Penn- 
sylvania, until his death. "Donkey John" may refer to 
one of two Johns in the class of '51, John Ewing who 



6o HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

entered the army in '62 and became successively captain, 
major, and brevet colonel; later served in the Pennsyl- 
vania legislature from '66 to '67 and became judge of 
county courts; or John Kelly, who entered the ministry 
of the Presbyterian church. 

These specimens of student activity in the early hist- 
ory of the Fraternity were preserved by William McK. 
Smith, Washington, '53, and upon his death were given 
to Walter B. Anderson, Washington and Jefferson, '05, 
who framed them and hung them on the walls of the 
Washington and Jefferson chapter house. 

A copy of the 1848 program is also in the possession 
of the Rev. Maurice E. Wilson D.D., Phi Kappa 
Sigma, Washington and Jefferson, '78. 







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CHAPTER V 

OLD JEFFERSON 

THE Jefferson catalogues of 1847, 1848, and 1849, 
found by me in the old Jefferson College library 
and now in the fraternity archives, contain records 
of considerable interest. In its number of students, 
old Jefferson held third place among its contempor- 
aries in 1848, the year of the founding of Phi Gamma 
Delta; Harvard leading with 273 men and 11 pro- 
fessors, Princeton second with 257 students and 14 
professors, and Jefferson with 207 students and 10 pro- 
fessors. The previous year's catalogue showed 241 
students. The University of Michigan had at this time 
only 89 students and 7 professors ; Williams College, 179 
students and 9 professors; Dartmouth, 193 students and 
13 professors; Columbia, 126 students and 6 professors. 
The faculty of Jefferson College in the catalogue of 
1848 is named under the title of "The College Faculty 
of Arts." The president of the institution at this time 
was the Rev. Alexander B. Brown, D. D., who held the 
chair of Mental and Moral Philosophy and Political 
Economy. The other chairs were Greek Language and 
Literature, Hebrew Language, Belles Lettres, Logic, 
Rhetoric and General History, Mathematics, Natural 
Philosophy, Astronomy, Chemistry and Geology, Latin 
Language and Literature and Roman History, Arch- 
aeology and Evidences of Natural and Revealed Re- 
ligion, Physiolog}^, and Comparative Anatomy. 

[61] 



62 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

The course of study pursued by the "Delta Associa- 
tion" as given in the catalogue of 1848 was as follows: 

Freshman Class 
First Term 
Cicero's Orations, Roman Antiquities (Fiske), Herod- 
otus begun (Leipzig Edition), Algebra through simple 
equations (Davies' Bourbon). 

Second Term 
Livy, Roman Antiquities, Herodotus continued. Al- 
gebra through quadratics. 

Third Term 
Horace's Odes, first and second books, Latin ProsoHy, 
Roman Antiquities completed, Herodotus completed, Ge- 
ometry, first five books (Davies' Legendre). 
Sophomore Class 
First Term 
Horace's Odes completed and first book of Satires, 
Latin Composition, Thucydides, Greek Exercises, Grecian 
Antiquities, Algebra completed. 

Second Term 
Tacitus' History, Latin Composition, Thucydides con- 
tinued, Greek Exercises, Greek Antiquities, Geometry 
completed, Plane Trigonometry (Young's) begun. Phys- 
ical Geography begun. 

Third Term 
Tacitus continued, Latin Composition, Xenophon's 
Hellenica, Greek Exercises, Grecian Antiquities, Plane 
Trigonometry completed, Surveying and Navigation, 
Spherical Trigonometry, Physical Geography completed. 
Junior Class 
First Term 
Horace completed, Demosthenes' Orations, Conic Sec- 
tions (Bridges'), Analytical Geometry (Davies') begun, 
Natural Philosophy (Olmsted's), Natural History 
(Smellie's). 

Second Term 
Cicero de Oratore, Demosthenes' Orations, Analytical 



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Seal of Jeffersox College 
1848 



OLD JEFFERSON 63 

Geometry completed, Natural Philosophy completed, 
Chemistry (Kane's) begun. 

Third Term 
Homer's Iliad, Differential and Integral Calculus (by 
lectures), Chemistry completed. Rhetoric begun, History 
and Classical Literature (by lectures). 
Senior Class 
First Term 
Tacitus, Germania and Agricola, Homer's Iliad, As- 
tronomy, Rhetoric completed. Logic (Whately), Butler's' 
Analogy. 

Second Term 
Juvenal, Longinus, Astronomy completed. Meteorol- 
ogy, Mental Philosophy (Upham's), Paley's Natural 
Theology. 

Third Term 
Longinus completed, Geology and Agricultural Chem- 
istry, Moral Philosophy, Political Economy (Wayland's), 
Physiology (by lectures), Evidences of Christianity (by 
lectures). 
The qualifications for admission to Jefferson in 1848 
were these : 

The public may rest assured that the course of study 
published is actually accomplished in this institution ; and, 
although it may be impossible to teach the idle, the dull, 
or the imperfectly prepared student as we w^ould wish, 
yet the advantages which we profess to afford, are really 
furnished to every student, a fact of some consequence, 
and far from being universal in similar cases. 

Candidates for admission into the freshman class must 
produce testimonials of their good character, and must 
have a competent English education, including arithmetic, 
geography, English grammar and the elements of history. 
In Latin and Greek, besides the elementary authors, they 
must have read Caesar, Sallust and Virgil, and the usual 
portions of the Greek Testament, Greek Reader, or the 
Graeca Minora, or an amount of Latin and Greek equiv- 
alent thereto. 



64 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

Students are admitted at any season of the year, and to 
any class for which they are qualified. But it is important 
that they be admitted at the beginning of the college year. 
And in order to reap the proper advantages of a college 
course they ought, ordinarily, to begin with the freshman 
class and go regularly through. Much loss of time, great 
additional expense, and serious disappointment of the 
hopes, both of students and their friends, frequently result 
from attempts to pursue large portions of the course be- 
fore coming to college. In all cases of application for 
advanced standing in a class the candidate is examined on 
all previous studies of the course ; and in such cases, it is 
important to the student to have followed exactly the pre- 
scribed course of study, even, where it is possible, to the 
very text-books. 

Students from other colleges, whose course of study is 
as ample as that of this institution, are admitted, ad 
eundem, upon a regular dismission; but students under 
discipline in other colleges are not received into this. 

Young gentlemen wishing to pursue particular branches 
of study, or to take an irregular course, are permitted to 
recite with any of the college classes, and to enjoy all the 
advantages offered by the institution in the particular de- 
partments of study to which they desire to devote them- 
selves ; and, in point of fact, there is a considerable num- 
ber of them always connected with the college. 

The college expenses were exploited as follows: 

One important object contemplated in the whole 
arrangement of this institution is, to make superior educa- 
tion as cheap as is consistent with its being thorough and 
complete. The location of the institution in the midst of 
a bountiful country, inhabited by a plain, moral and eco- 
nomical population, and removed as it is from all extra- 
ordinary sources of temptation to expense, or even means 
of extravagance, greatly facilitates this design. 

The charge for tuition in the college course is $I0 per 
term, payable in advance, a condition indispensable to the 
success of an institution whose dependence is almost 




Reproduced from Jefferson Academy Catalogue of 1909 
Jefferson College Buildings 
The building on the left, erected in 1813, was razed in igi2. 
The building on the right, erected in 1833, containing Provi- 
dence Hall and the rooms of the Franklin Literary Society, is 
standing, 1920 



OLD JEFFERSON 65 

exclusively on its tuition fees, and therefore to be carefully 
noted by students and their friends. 

Each student is also required to pay 50 cents every term 
for fuel, servants' wages and repairs in the public halls. 

The graduating fee paid to the college treasurer is $6 
to each Bachelor of Arts, upon the payment of which he 
receives his diploma and becomes entitled to all the honors 
and immunities of the first degree in the Arts. 

The price of board and lodging varies from $1 to 
$2.50 per week. The college provides accommodations at 
$1.62^ per week; and it affords facilities to students, 
which enable them to obtain board and lodging at $i per 
week. A small number have boarded and lodged them- 
selves for about 50 cents a week. The majority of the 
students board in private families in the village and 
neighborhood, at an expense varying from $1.25 to $2.50 
per week. 

Upon an average, the necessary expense of a student, 
including tuition, board, lodging, fuel, washing, lights, 
etc., ought not to exceed $130, and need not exceed $i(X) 
for the period of forty weeks annually, during which the 
college is in session. Of this sum, the average yearly pay- 
ment to the college by a student who takes a full course 
and graduates, is $32.25, which includes tuition, con- 
tingent expenses and cost of diploma. 

This sum, of course, does not embrace the cost of 
clothes, books, pocket money, traveling expenses, board 
during vacation, etc., in regard to which everything de- 
pends on the habits of the student and the indulgence of 
his friends. 

Parents and guardians are earnestly advised, on the one 
hand, to restrict the youth sent to this college to such an 
amount of money as is necessary for their comfortable and 
respectable support; and, on the other hand, to see that 
they receive the amount that is really proper with absolute 
punctuality, so that the temptation to extravagance and 
that of running into debt — both of them amongst the 
greatest evils of college life — may be avoided. 



66 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

This is the statement in regard to the moral and re- 
ligious instructions of the students: 

The friends and patrons of this institution consider it 
the chief glory of it that it was founded in prayer and 
faith ; and that God has as signally owned the efforts made 
here to promote true religion as those to advance sound 
learning. All the officers of it consider it one of the high- 
est duties to promote the moral and religious improvement 
of the pupils. An inspection of the course of studies will 
show that from the beginning to the end of their college 
life the students are all required to pursue a systematic 
course of religious studies, embracing the Evidences of 
Natural and Revealed Religion, the analogy between 
them, and the Holy Scriptures, a course distinct from and 
additional to the ordinary one of Moral Philosophy. 

No effort is made — none will be made — to teach the 
peculiarities of any sect; and even the prejudices, much 
more the conscientious scruples of those who entertain 
any, will always be respected. But the Christian religion 
and the Protestant and evangelical faith are fully em- 
braced and distinctly taught in the college as a portion of 
its course of instruction. 

The principal of the college is pastor of the village 
church, and the religious instruction of the students, espe- 
cially on the Sabbath-day, devolves, by the regulations of 
the college, particularly on him. The students are all re- 
quired to be present at the daily public religious exercises, 
and to attend preaching, either in the college chapel or on 
such other ministrations as their parents or guardians pre- 
fer, twice every Sabbath-day. 

It is confidently expected that this strong infusion of 
religious principle into the whole course of discipline and 
instruction, and the unusually large proportion of pious 
young men who have always resorted to this college, are 
chief reasons why so great a number of youths congregated 
here for so many years have been found capable of being 
taught and managed with a remarkable exemption from 
public and degrading punishments. 






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OLD JEFFERSON 67 

Under the heading of "Miscellaneous Information," 
these statements are made: 

Gratuitous Instruction 

In cases of extreme indigence, or of great and praise- 
worthy efforts, the faculty of the college are authorized to 
bestow gratuitous instructions, and are in the habit of do- 
ing it. By the laws of the college they are also empow- 
ered to remit all charges for instruction as a suitable mark 
of their great respect for distinguished merit in a student. 
Teachers of Common Schools 

A limited number of young men, who are sons of citi- 
zens of Pennsylvania, and who are preparing themselves to 
be teachers of common schools, are, by statute, entitled to 
gratuitous instruction in whatever will fit them for that 
vocation. 

The Literary Societies 

These are in a flourishing condition and are probably 
unsurpassed by any similar associations. They are orna- 
ments to the college and valuable auxiliaries in the mental 
training of the students. Their halls are commodious and 
handsomely furnished and their libraries extensive and 
well selected. 

Lyceum 

An association for the advancement of knowledge in the 
various branches of natural science has long been estab- 
lished in this institution and has made valuable collections 
of minerals, fossils, shells, coins, medals, Indian antiquities, 
quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, insects, etc. 

Donations to this cabinet are respectfully solicited from 
the friends of natural science. 

Library and Apparatus 

The college library is not large, but contains a consider- 
able number of rare and valuable books. Important ad- 
ditions have recently been made to it and efficient measures 
for its enlargement. 

The philosophical and chemical apparatus has been 
greatly increased during the present year. The college is 
now furnished with facilities for illustrations in the vari- 



68 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

ous branches of Natural Science to an extent probably not 
surpassed by any literary institution in the West. 

New Buildings, etc. 

The board of trustees have recently extended the college 
grounds and have contracted for the erection of a large 
three-story building for the accommodation of such stu- 
dents as may desire cheap boarding. 

This building, it is confidently expected, will be ready 
for occupancy by the first of next November. About 
forty students may thus be furnished with board and lodg- 
ing at a cost of about $i per week. 

Location of the College 
The village of Canonsburg is situated on the Chartiers, 
in Washington county, Pa. It is seventeen miles from 
Pittsburg, forty miles from Wheeling, Va., and seven 
from the borough of Washington, which is on the Nation- 
al Road, leading from Wheeling, Va., to Cumberland. 
Daily lines of stage pass through it, connecting it with all 
the places just named, and more remotely with the Atlan- 
tic sea-board, by means of turnpikes, canals and railroads 
— and with the south and the great west, by means of the 
Ohio, near the head of the immense valley of which river 
it stands. The country around it is elevated, beautiful, 
fertile and healthful — one of the finest regions of the 
American continent. It is confidently believed that few 
places can be found where the health and habits of youth 
would be more likely to be safe, or where they would 
more likely escape the evils and dangers incident to the 
loss of parental supervision, and to a college life, than in 
this retired and peaceful village, planted in the heart of a 
population remarkable for its religious character. 

Reference is made, as will be noted, to the Lyceum, 
founded August lo, 183 1. The Curator's Book of the 
Lyceum of Jefferson College is now in the archives of 
the Fraternity. It was found by me in the old building, 
where possibly it had been hidden with hundreds of 




Badge of Defunct 
Jefferson Fraternity 



OLD JEFFERSON 69 

other books and documents at the time of the removal 
of the college classes to Washington, Pennsylvania. 

In the list of members given are the names of all the 
members of the "Delta Association." 

Three Greek letter societies own old Jefferson Col- 
lege, before its union with Washington, as a common 
mother: Phi Gamma Delta, founded 1848; Phi Kappa 
Psi, founded 1852; and a defunct fraternity, Kappa Phi 
Lambda, founded 1859. The last named society is 
known to have had chapters at Mt. Union, University 
of Michigan, Monmouth, Northwestern, Moore's 
Hill, Ohio Wesleyan, University of Virginia, Denison, 
and the Western University of Pennsylvania; yet with 
all this growth and strength and with mentes multae 
consilium ununi it became extinct in 1874. 

About the time when Dr. M'Millan founded his 
classical school, two others were started within ten miles 
of Washington, the county seat, by the Rev. Thaddeus 
Dodd and the Rev. Joseph Smith. In 1787 these Pres- 
byterian clergymen united with others in the founding 
of an academy at Washington, which was chartered 
September 24, 1787, and put into operation two years 
later under the principalship of Rev. Thaddeus Dodd. 
The library of this institution owed its origin to a gift 
of £50 from Benjamin Franklin. The courthouse, in 
the upper rooms of which the academy was conducted, 
burnt down about 1790, and as the friends of the sus- 
pended academy met with little encouragement in seek- 
ing a new home, another academy was organized at 
Canonsburg, seven miles distant. The successful open- 
ing of this new institution stimulated the re-opening of 
Washington Academy, and thus the friends and patrons 
of higher education throughout the county became 



70 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

divided. The Canonsburg academy, chartered by the 
Supreme Court of the state in 1794, obtained a charter 
as Jefferson College January 15, 1802. Washington 
Academy was chartered as Washington College, March 
27, 1806. The wisdom of uniting the two colleges was 
early conceded, but repeated attempts to agree upon a 
basis of union between 1807 and 1865 all ended in fail- 
ure and renewed rivalry. 

The Civil War depleted both schools, particularly 
that of Jefferson, which was very largely patronized by 
the South. 

In 1865 the Rev. Chas. C. Beatty, D. D. of Steuben- 
ville, Ohio, offered the sum of $50,000 to the Presby- 
terians of Western Pennsylvania on condition that the 
two schools should unite. The decision was made — the 
plan being to have the preparatory and freshman years 
at Washington, and the sophomore, junior, and senior 
years at Jefferson. This dual plan was continued until 
the Fall of 1869, when the entire college was removed 
to Washington and incorporated as Washington and 
Jefferson College under the presidency of Jonathan Ed- 
wards. 

When this decision was reached the citizens of 
Canonsburg were thoroughly incensed. They went into 
the Jefferson buildings and took therefrom everything 
which they could lay their hands on, including scientific 
apparatus, the library which Benjamin Franklin had 
largely given, and famous portraits of Jefferson and 
Franklin which these patrons of the college had given 
to Jefferson College. Many of these things are still in 
the custody of the descendants of the citizens of Canons- 
burg of that day. I have seen with my own eyes the 
splendid portraits of Jefferson and Franklin, which are 




Rev. Jonathan Edwards, D.D., LL.D. 
First president of the combined Washington and Jeffer- 
son Colleges, 1 866- 1 869 



OLD JEFFERSON 71 

kept in hiding in a residence in the city of Canonsburg. 
I was obliged to take an oath that I would never reveal 
their hiding place. They belong without question to 
Washington and Jefferson College. The portrait of 
Jefferson is probably worth $15,000; the smaller of 
Franklin has an estimated value of $7,500. They will 
be discovered some day, and will make a subject for an 
interesting monograph. It is unfortunate that they are 
not now in the possession of Washington and Jefferson 
College. 

Jonathan Edwards, president of Washington and 
Jefferson College, occupied that office from April, 
1866, to April 1869, coming to the college from a Pres- 
byterian ministry in Philadelphia. He was a descen- 
dant of the famous Jonathan Edwards, illustrious 
preacher, scholar, and theologian. 



PART II 



CHAPTER I 

FOUNDING OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

SATURDAY night, the 22nd of April, 1848, was 
the date on which the "Immortal Six" gathered in 
McCarty's room at "Fort" Armstrong and determined 
to establish a society "founded upon the principle of 
secrecy." Let us read it in the words of the first sec- 
retary, as he wrote them in the little worn leather cov- 
ered blank book which at the second meeting he was 
ordered to purchase "for the purpose of transcribing 
the Constitution." 

Minutes of the Grand Chapter 

Saturday night April 226/48. 

Messrs. Jno. T. McCarty, Jas. Elliott, D. W. Crofts, 
S. B. Wilson, E. B. Gregg and N. Fletcher, students of 
Jefferson College at Canonsburg, Pa., at a social meeting 
and while conversing on the subject of association came to 
the conclusion that a society founded upon the principle of 
secrecy into which none but men of distinguished talents 
and acquirements, endued with a high sense of Honor and 
possessed of a laudable ambition and who were members of 
some college (at the time of their admission) should be 
admitted, would be of incalculable benefit to those thus 
uniting, thereupon determined to organize and establish 
such an association, whereupon Mr. S. B. Wilson was 
called to the chair, and N. Fletcher appointed Secretary. 
After many suggestions on the part of those present a com- 
mittee of two was appointed to draft a constitution and 
report at their next meeting. 

Committee Messrs. S. B. Wilson and Jas. Elliott. On 

[75] 



76 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

motion the meeting adjourned to meet on Monday evening 
May 1st at 9 o'clock precisely. 

S. B. Wilson Chair. 

N. Fletcher^ Sec. 

In reading this casual account of a momentous occa- 
sion we must remember that a close friendship of the 
six original members antedated this preliminary meet- 
ing, that they were bound by Masonic ties, and that this 
memorable occasion was probably the culmination of 
many earnest student discussions inspired and led by 
John Templeton McCarty. 

That McCarty was the leader and inspiration of the 
Society in its infancy, no one doubts who has read the 
minutes of 1848 and the correspondence of the illustri- 
ous six. It was in his room — "Delta Hall Number 
One" — that the first meetings were held. He presided 
at the May ist meeting. His name leads the list of 
those meeting April 22, his signature is the first to the 
constitution of the new Society, and his name is first 
among the founders in the early catalogues. 

The statement of Gregg in a letter to Elliott dated 
January i, 1850, eliminates any possible doubt of Mc- 
Carty's claim to leadership: 

You are fully aware that the opinion about Canonsburg 
is that the order was formed by McCarty, and that it was 
founded in 1848. 

McCarty without question designed the diamond 
badge of the fraternity. The original Phi Gamma 
Delta pin of James Elliott has been given to me by his 
son, Frank Elliott, of Chicago, for the archives. The 
illustration here given shows its exact size; diamond- 
shaped, with the white star, the society letters, and the 
inscription aa)(jLY] on a black field. It is perfectly flat and 



FOUNDING OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 77 

lacks the gold cord around the edge which the official 
pin today has. Some doubt has been expressed in re- 
gard to the statement that McCarty designed the badge 
of Phi Gamma Delta. His only child, "Mae Evelynne" 
— which is the pseudonym of an actress — whom I first 
met in Cincinnati in August, 1908, questioned the asser- 
tion at that time. Less than a year later she wrote me 
from San Francisco where she had been called by her 
mother's illness: "Mother says that Father did design 
the badge of the 'Delta Association,' and that he often 
talked of it to her when they were first married." 

Whereas McCarty was the spirit of the "Delta Asso- 
ciation," Wilson was the brain which provided a firm 
foundation for the noble superstructure which the stu- 
dents of almost three-quarters of a century have builded. 
It was Wilson whose "Sunday labors," shared, according 
to his own statement, by Elliott, resulted in the consti- 
tution of Phi Gamma Delta, and he was its first presi- 
dent. Wilson, the Greek student, gave to us that trinit}^ 
of principles which will tie young men together in the 
bonds of brotherhood as long as the American college 
exists. 

Let us turn to the Minutes of the Grand Chapter 
once more: 

May 1ST, 1848 
The Association convened according to the adjournment 
and was organized by calling J. T. McCarty to the chair. 
The committee appointed to draft a constitution then sub- 
mitted their report which was received and adopted. The 
members then respectively signed their names to the Con- 
stitution and thus was established the order of Phi Gamma 
Delta at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania in the year Anno 
Domini 1848. An election for officers was then entered 
into which resulted in the choice of S. B. Wilson, 11, 



78 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

J. T. McCarty E and N. Fletcher T. On motion the 
***** was ordered to purchase a small blank book 
for the purpose of transcribing the Constitution. 

On motion a committee of one was appointed to draw 
up a report in relation to the establishment of foreign 
chapters. Com. S. B. Wilson. 

On motion the Chapter adjourned to meet tomorrow 
evening at 9 o'clock. 

J. T. McCarty Chair. 
N. Fletcher Sec. 

The next meetings, held at short intervals, were taken 
up with the proposing, electing, and initiating of new 
members into the Society. Penington, Jenkins, Ray, 
Logan, Gilchrist, Jones, Crews, Woodrow, Hall, T. B. 
Wilson, D. Edmiston, C. Pershing, and Barnard, were 
admitted before commencement, June 13, 1848, when 
"Mr. S. B. Wilson, our worthy 11 upon leaving the 
chair made some very appropriate remarks which were 
listened to with profound attention." 

In Wilson's old law office in Turn Pike Street, Bea- 
ver, Pennsylvania, I found, among other treasures, the 
manuscript of this very valedictory: 

My relation to this chapter, brother Deltas, as its chief 
presiding officer, is now closed forever. And impressed 
with the idea that ofttimes the heart feels most when the 
lips move not, I had resolved to deliver my trust in silence 
— to make no attempt at giving expression to the thoughts 
which in an hour like this must well up from the fount of 
feeling and demand utterance. And if ever I felt the 
utter barrenness of words — their total inadequacy to give 
expression to the heart's own language, it is now. But I 
feel that I would be recreant to my trust — that I might 
justly incur the suspicion of deep ingratitude, did I fail 
to say at least / thank you — thank you that you have 
been my friends, most of you tried and true, ever rejoicing 
with me in the hour of triumph, never deserting me in the 




"l-()Rr" Armstrong ix which Phi (Iamma Delta was 

Founded 

The house fronts to the north. The telegraph pole is east of 

the house. McCarty's room was on the second floor and in the 

northwest corner. The building was razed in igi6 



FOUNDING OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 79 

hour of adversity, when the damning calumnies of vile 
hypocrites and remorseless slanderers were vilest, when 
the envenomed shafts of malice flew thickest, — then you 
wavered not, faltered not. For these and a thousand acts 
of unstinted kindness — all thanks. And think not that 
they will ever be forgotten. They are engraven deep on 
the tablets of memory. Even now they seem like threads 
of burnished gold woven into the web of my existence, 
and appearing more comely "than all the gorgeous images 
that crown the land of dreams." Yes! These number- 
less expressions of your regard and the many happy hours 
of sweet intercourse that have been passed in your midst 
shall ever form the brightest, sunniest spots in all the vista 
of memory. And if, in the great struggle of life, any of 
you should be first to fall — any of you should sink down 
to darkness and the worm, and I be left, — then if I ever 
make a pilgrimage, it will be to your graves; if ever I 
plant flowers of remembrance to be watered by the tears of 
affection, it will be upon the sod that covers your heads. 
To you, brother Deltas, who remain, let me say that if 
there is one word above all others I would have deeply 
and indelibly impressed upon your minds, it is Be United. 
Let no discord, no dissensions, no appearance of jealousy 
or envy enter here. If by these bonds of mystic brother- 
hood this little band of kindred gifted spirits can be made 
one in interest as it must be one in aim, — if they can be 
made to move onward, shoulder to shoulder, in perfect 
harmony throughout their college course, surely a glorious 
object will have been accomplished. Your rugged path- 
way up the hill of science will be strewn with many a 
flower, which might else have been a thorn. Your college 
life will be fraught with a thousand blessed memories 
which might always have been bitterness. Thus far this 
glorious object has been accomplished. Thus far we have 
been indeed a band of brothers, of living, trusting, confid- 
ing brothers. Then break not the spell which binds us. 
You have sworn to be true to each other, true to your- 
selves, true to the association. Oh, break not your oaths ! 



8o HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

Stain not your souls with the damning sin of perjury! 
Perish the hand that is ever lifted to sow the seeds of dis- 
cord here. Blighted be the heart which shall cherish a 
feeling of unkindness to a sworn brother! 

And now we leave you. By trusting to the arm of God 
we "go forth into the misty future without fear and with 
manly hearts," ever keeping in view the solemn pledges 
we have made to you that our aims shall be high, and our 
efforts untiring, we will 

"Bate not one yote of heart of hope 

But still look up and still ride onward." 

The first officers were succeeded by Fletcher as H, 
Woodrow, E, and Gilchrist, F; and as the chapter ad- 
journed until the fall semester, "Good feeling, good 
order, unanimity, peace, and harmony prevailed among 
the members and promised the most abundant success 
in future." 

Up to Commencement Day, the real existence of a 
new Greek letter society was a secret to all but the in- 
itiated. William E. McLaren, in an article on the 
early days of the fraternity, published May, 1880, gives 
an account which testifies to this: 

In those early days, the fraternity was literally a secret 
organization. It was not until commencement day 1848 
that its existence was known in the college, and then only 
by the apparition for the first time in history of the little 
diamond pin of black enamel with a weird blazonry of 
Greek characters. It was many years before under-grad- 
uates wore the badge or openly acknowledged membership 
in the mysterious band. So cautious to avoid suspicion 
were the founders that, for want of a better sanctuary 
they used to go out more than a mile to a "Seceder 
Church," in the "wood-house" of which they held their 
trembling conclaves by the light of a tallow candle. The 
next year they made bold to get a room in a remote quar- 
ter of the village, bargaining with a good old lady from 






/ ^ /4^ 










Minutes of the First AIeetixg, Phi Gamma Delta 



FOUNDING OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 8i 

whom they rented that its existence should be solemnly 
concealed from the knowledge of the uninitiated as a 
secret too awful to be divulged. It was in this room that 
I was initiated. When the hour of destiny arrived, I was 
escorted to the penetralia which I have mentioned. The 
windows were covered with thick cloth of quilts so that 
not a ray of light escaped. Entrance was effected by a 
flight of stairs near the rear of the house, and I stood for 
the first time within the precincts of Phi Gamma Delta. 

Tillie Hutchinson's spring house was one of these 
secret meeting places in the old days. I was fortunate 
enough in one of my rambles over Canonsburg to dis- 
cover an old lady who could remember and testify to 
this fact, and to secure a photograph of the very place. 
Dimly lit by tallow candle light or by the gleam of the 
silvery moon, this remote little underground room fur- 
nished an ideal rendezvous for the mystery-loving 
young men, when after the town curfew had rung and 
college lights were out at nine, they stole forth, the pres- 
ident and McCarty from "Fort" Armstrong, Fletcher 
from "Fort" Emery, Gregg from "Fort" Ballentine, 
Crofts from Oram, and Elliott from McClelland, to 
"convene according to adjournment." 

At one of these meetings held the evening of June yth, 
1848, at 10 o'clock, D. Edmiston, having previously 
been adjudged by McCarty a "proper individual," was 
duly initiated, and his joint request with Messrs. Hugh 
D. McCann, Edward Leavitt, J. B. Stewart and James 
Forsythe, "that a chapter of this Association be estab- 
lished at Washington College" was heard with pleasure. 
"Mr. S. B. Wilson was appointed a legate and duly em- 
powered to establish a chapter at said college." 

Many of the meetings however were held in "Delta 
Hall, Number One," McCarty's room in "Fort" Arm- 



82 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

strong, indicated in the picture and attested by David 
H. Goodwillie: 

McCarty's room, marked x, was where I was initiated, 
and, in my day, where most of the meetings were held. 

On May 6, 1908, I spent a memorable day with 
Doctor Wilson, visiting the old haunts of Phi Gamma 
Delta in Canonsburg. 

The day previous, Dr. Wilson had discovered in Fort 
Armstrong the word "Mac" carved on a window-sill in 
McCarty's old room. This discovery thrilled us be- 
cause no doubt remained that the northwest corner 
room at "Fort" Armstrong, McCarty's room, was the 
birthplace of Phi Gamma Delta. Here was the open 
fireplace and tall wooden mantel around which with 
the logs burning brightly the founders might have 
seated themselves when they made their high resolves 
and launched a new Greek letter society. With a saw 
I cut the word "Mac" out of the sill. Nor did I do this 
with the spirit of a souvenir vandal. Old "Fort" Arm- 
strong was in a deplorable condition. Built as a dormi- 
tory for students, its decadence commenced when Jef- 
ferson united with Washington. The sill at which 
"Mac" studied and toiled and planned for the "Delta 
Association" was very much rotted. The old "Fort" was 
doomed to destruction sooner or later. I considered the 
taking of the part of the sill, therefore, as a legitimate 
enterprise. The tenant of McCarty's room at this time 
remembered having seen some names written on one of 
the walls. With the promise of new paper, we com- 
menced to tear away the loose paper from the walls. In 
the hallway leading to McCarty's room we found 
these words "Enter and experience its glory." The 
words which preceded "enter" had been obliterated 



A 



*.r.A. 




Pin of James Elliott 
Exact size of first badge 



FOUNDING OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 83 

with paste. This much to eager seekers was of sig- 
nificance; but a more important discovery was made 
when we deciphered the names of John T. McCarty 
and S. B. Wilson in a list most of which even with the 
aid of a glass we could not positively read. The most 
legible were J. W. Logan, Cyrus L. Pershing, and 
A. G. Jenkins. They undoubtedly formed a list of the 
"Delta Association." Dr. Wilson and I investigated 
the house from top to bottom; the windows, cupboard 
doors, and woodwork were carefully examined, but 
nothing else of interest was discovered. 

One thing was especially noted, — that while the 
names of Deltas were written on the walls of the old 
Fort, and while "Mac" carved his initials in the win- 
dow-sill, the letter Delta and the letters Phi Gamma 
Delta in Greek characters were not to be found written 
anywhere. This strict observance of the founders is 
emulated by the brothers of these latter days. 

"Fort" Armstrong was razed in 1916. It will be no 
longer possible to visit "Mac's" chamber, the birthplace 
of Phi Gamma Delta. It now lives in the memory of a 
comparatively small number of Fijis whose love for the 
fraternity led them out of the beaten paths of travel to 
Canonsburg. Its foundation stones have been obtained 
for the fraternity so that each chapter now organized or 
which may be established in the future may have in its 
possession a relic of sentiment. Vale "Fort" Armstrong. 

I obtained from the owner of old "Fort" Armstrong 
the mantelpiece around which the founders gathered 
and organized Phi Gamma Delta. It has been erected 
in the library of the Denison lodge. Lambda Deuteron 
Chapter placed on it a bronze tablet bearing this in- 
scription: 



84 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

THIS MANTEL WAS REMOVED 

FROM THE ROOM OF 

JOHN TEMPLETON McCARTY, 

IN FORT ARMSTRONG, JEFFERSON COLLEGE 

CANONSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, 

TO THIS ROOM ON MARCH 1-1909 BY 

WILLIAM F. CHAMBERLIN, DENISON, 1893. 

AROUND IT ON MAY 1-1848 WAS 

FOUNDED THE FRATERNITY OF 

PHI GAMMA DELTA 
BY JOHN TEMPLETON McCARTY 
SAMUEL BEATTY WILSON 
JAMES ELLIOTT, Jr. 
ELLIS BAILEY GREGG 
DANIEL WEBSTER CROFTS AND 
NAAMAN FLETCHER 
With the desire to bring the founders a little nearer to 
us, and to see them as they were to each other, I have 
sought to ascertain their nicknames, and have been suc- 
cessful except in finding out that of Gregg. The nick- 
name of McCarty among his fellows was "Mac" while 
in his own home he was often called "Johnty;" Elliott 
was known as "Jim," and Crofts as "Dan." There were 
two Sam Wilsons in the class of 1848, the other being 
Sam T. Doctor Brown, professor of mathematics, early 
in his college course sharply called our Wilson "Sam 
B," and this was the name by which he was familiarly 
known to the day of his death. From Wilson Paxton, 
Esq., of Washington, Pennsylvania, a cousin of the Rev. 
Maurice E. Wilson, D.D., who had assisted so much in 
obtaining early records, I have learned that the nick- 
name of Fletcher was "Nancy," an appellation earned 
by Fletcher because of the constant use of a large "N" 




Site of "Seceder" Church 

The "Seceder" church was formed by secession from 

the Established Presbyterian Church of 

Scotland in 1733 



FOUNDING OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 85 

in writing his signature. In all the old letters and 
papers, however, which I have seen, Gregg is simply 
referred to as "old Gregg" and in one or two instances 
as "Ellis." I was unable to obtain any information from 
the nieces or nephews of Gregg, the nearest living kin. 

Though all but Fletcher graduated with the class of 
1848, their interest never flagged in the "Delta Associa- 
tion." Their letters which are published chronologic- 
ally after the biography of each founder, indicate a 
lively interest in the welfare of the new society and of 
each of the other scattered brothers. The art of letter- 
writing seems almost to be a lost one. Over seventy 
years have passed since these letters were written; but 
it is much to be doubted if any letter written by frater- 
nity brothers of the same age today will be found to 
equal them in diction or in interest. 

Most of these letters of the founders were mailed 
without envelopes and stamps, as was the custom of the 
time. The letter was folded to the size of a small 
envelope; the postage was marked in the upper right- 
hand corner on the side upon which the address was 
written. In the upper left-hand corner was written 
the sender's address. It was the custom in those days 
for the receiver to pay the postage. The letters were 
all sealed with wax or some other seal adopted by the 
writer. 

Many of the envelopes which contain these old letters 
have written on the outside the word Perge, and fre- 
quent reference is made to that section in the original 
constitution entitled "Of the Duties of Members," 
which asserts that "the watchword of each member 
shall be Perge, and his lode-star the highest niche in the 
Temple of Fame." 



86 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 



When life has gone, nothing mirrors the character- 
istics of a man so truly as personal letters to personal 
friends. I have been exceedingly fortunate in obtaining 
these letters of the six founders, a few from a grand- 
daughter of Thomas W. B. Crews, Miss Virginia Rey- 
nolds of Caruthersville, Missouri, some in S. B. Wil- 
son's old law office in Beaver, Pennsylvania, and nearly 
seventy others found in old boxes by the son of James 
Elliott, Frank Elliott, Esq., of Chicago. They are 
manifestly a most valuable acquisition to the archives. 

During the presidency of Fletcher, the roll of Alpha 
chapter of Phi Gamma Delta was increased to twenty- 
eight; signatures to the original constitution appear in 
the following order: 

17. Cyrus L. Pershing 

18. Ben. F. Ray 

19. David Hall 

20. B. C.Ward (deleted) 

21. Sam'l Harsh 

22. B. G. Krepps 

23' 



1. JohnT. McCarty 

2. James Elliott 

3. D. Webster Crofts 

4. E. B. Gregg 

5. Sam B. Wilson 

6. N. Fletcher 

7. J. B. Penington 

8. James W. Logan 

9. J. P. Gilchrist 

10. Jno. H. Mathers 

11. A. G. Jenkins 

12. J. Q. A. Jones 

13. T. W. B. Crews 

14. J. Woodrow 

15. T. B. Wilson 

16. John M. Barnett 



(entirely obliterated) 

23. Israel C. Pershing 

24. Simon Mercer 

25. Rob't Kennedy 

26. C. W. Findley 

27. D. H. Goodwillie 

28. Geo. McC. Kennedy. 

29. David Minis 



30. W. S. Wilson 
The deletion of B. C. Ward's name is explained by 
the record of his resignation in the minute books; but 
how W. S. Wilson's name escaped the same fate is in- 




Spring House of Tillie Hutchixsox 



FOUNDING OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 87 

explicable, for his resignation was accepted at about the 
same time ; yet his name appears in all of the catalogues. 

Those of the present generation who have been priv- 
ileged to see the first minute book of the "Delta Associa- 
tion" with the signatures to the original constitution have 
always asked: "Who was the original Twenty-Three?" 
The signature as it appears in the minute book, not only 
to the original constitution but in other places, was most 
thoroughly and carefully obliterated. There was in 
one place a slight trace of two letters. It was only, 
however, with the discovery of the letters written to 
Elliott by Ray, Fletcher, and Crofts that a clue to the 
identity of the apostate or any of the details in connec- 
tion with the incident were known. 

The letters to Elliot contain a full account of a typical 
case of "lifting" by another society which was so intol- 
erable to the betrayed Deltas of '48 and '49 that thence- 
forth they regarded the deserter as a "traitorous Simon" 
and a "perjured villain." 

Manifestly, it was the desire of the founders that the 
name of the "perjured villain" should be lost to the 
fraternity forever. The letters are published as a bit 
of the early history of Phi Gamma Delta; the name of 
the individual who incited the enmity of his fellow- 
students by being false to his professions and principles 
and the name of the society involved are omitted. The 
desire of the founders that the name of the apostate 
should be unknown forever and "referred to only as an 
instance of what human nature is susceptible" will, 
therefore, be observed. The original letters, however, 
will remain in the archives of the fraternity. "Let the 
dead Past bury its dead." 



88 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

The expurgated letters are as follows: 
Ray to Elliott, December 13, 1848 

Heretofore I have been able to inform you that old Jeff- 
erson and our society were both in the most flourishing 
condition and, which gave me much more pleasure than I 
have heretofore been able to tell you, that the noble asso- 
ciation to which you and I have the honor to belong could 
still shout "excelsior" and none dared to dispute our 
right. You need not infer from this remark that any 
dire calamity has befallen that glorious band of brothers, 
but there has happened that which is very unpleasant to 
us here, and which I know will be very unpleasant to those 
who are absent, yourself included. At the commencement 
of the session there were a small number of new students 
who appeared to be worthy of being elected members of 
our association. The * * * also appeared to be on the 
alert, and endeavoring to get the first choice of the new 
students (of which I have perhaps informed you before). 
When we elected Green, and sent Harsh to inform him of 
his election, or rather to solicit his acceptance of member- 
ship, he declined, and we have since found out that he was 
a member of the * * * Society. Previous to this however, 
we had elected a young fellow by the name of * * *, 
of the Sophomore class. He accepted membership and 
was regularly initiated into the mystery of our order. 
After he was initiated, he appeared to be enthusiastic in 
the cause, and members of the Chapter were satisfied that 
they had made a very valuable acquisition in him and were 
entirely pleased that we had elected him. A short time 
after this, M. * * *, one of the former tutors, came to the 
place on a visit, and I suppose you are well aware he was 
a member of the * * * Society. He would be acquainted 
with Mr. * * * before, and was doubtless aware that 
he was a person of superior talents. It was soon to be 
seen that he was using his best endeavors to get Mr. * * * 
on good terms with the * * *, for he took West and 
other * * * down and introduced them to Mr. * * *. 
But all this did not excite any suspicion in the minds of 




"Fort" Emery, where Fletcher Roomed 
Probably in this house was Delta Hall Number 2 



FOUNDING OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 89 

our fellows. Some of us supposed that they were endeav- 
oring to make * * * a * * *, but we would very know- 
ingly remark that "it was no use knocking at the door." 
Things went on this way until a short time after Sterrett 
had left. When Grier was down at Bricelands and heard 
that there had been three persons there to speak for some 
ten or a dozen to be ready that night at half past ten 
o'clock, he told Kate to watch and see who came to him. 
She did so and told him that between eleven and twelve 
o'clock Messrs. Pratt, Calvin, West, MacWilson, Reid, 
Jr., and * * * came to take supper. When Grier gave 
us this information, we were rather astounded, but still 
did not allow ourselves to suspect Mr. * * * of being 
a * * *. We thought, however, that it would be well to 
have an investigation of the matter. Accordingly we ap- 
pointed a meeting and sent Woodrow down to request 
* * * to attend, and at the same time he told of this 
report extant that he was at the * * * supper, telling him 
at the same time that none of the members believed it to 
be true. * * * instead of coming up to the meeting 
sent us up a most insulting letter, the contents of which I 
cannot now give more than that he withdrew from the 
chapter without denying that he was at the * * * supper. 
I could say much more on the subject, but I am waiting 
for the stage to go home. I will be back in a couple of 
weeks when I shall expect a letter from you and then I 
will give you the details. Excuse this scrawl and believe 
me, 

Yours in bonds 

Ray to James Elliott, Canonsburg, Jan. 6, 1849 

The Gamma has by order of the chapter blotted out his 
name wherever it was to be found in the minute book, and 
he himself will hereafter be referred to by the members of 
the chapter only as an instance of what human nature is 
susceptible. 



90 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

Naaman Fletcher to James Elliott, Jefferson 
College, Jan. 6, 1 849 

The villain of whom you spoke in your letter as having 
turned traitor to our association is the son of the Hon. 
* * * of * * *. He has fine talents and is gentlemanly 
in his deportment, but at heart a perjured villain! The 
poor devil can't look one of us in the face — "Guilty con- 
science needs no accuser." We say nothing to him or 
even about him, except among ourselves. Let him go 
and do his worst, and may the frowns of Hell be upon 
him. 

D. W. Crofts to James Elliott, New Lisbon, Ohio, 
Aug. 3, 1849 

Fletcher has at last condescended to write just as he is 
leaving the halls of college. He gives me some news 
which is new to me. He states that * * *, that infa- 
mous, grovelling, hell-deserving wretch, — had been ini- 
tiated into the mystic tie and with all the perjury and 
treachery of a traitorous Simon had left, had been initiat- 
ed into the * * *, and had revealed the words glowing 
from his distorted and craven spirit all the secrets of the 
order so far as they could be comprehended by his con- 
tracted intellect. It is strange, — surpassing strange, — 
that they should initiate such a base wretch into such an 
honorable body, and it is still more strange that a man 
could be found so lost to every sense of honor as to act 
with such baseness. 

The third election of the fraternity resulted in the 
choice of I. C. Pershing, H, S. Mercer, E, and D. 
Hall, r. Upon Pershing's resignation, his place was 
filled by Hall who was in turn succeeded by Goodwillie 
as r. It was the third president of our "Delta Associa- 
tion," David Hall, who was responsible for the initia- 




"Fort" Oram 



FOUNDING OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 91 

tion ritual used for many years, described in Sam B. 
Wilson's letter to Elliott of November 18, 1849, as "one 
of the prettiest pieces of composition" he had ever 
heard. It was under these officers in November, 1849, 
that the famous Article 5, Section 4 of the Constitution 
was restored, namely: "The watchword of each mem- 
ber shall be Pergel and his lodestar the highest niche in 
the Temple of Fame." At the next meeting ^^AgeT 
was substituted for ^^PergeV^ 

On the 15th of December, 1849, "a petition was 
received, signed by three members of Nashville Uni- 
versity, praying for the grant of a charter from our 
association, but being found deficient in regard to the 
number of petitioners the V was instructed to correspond 
with them on the subject." Nashville subsequently be- 
came the seat of the Gamma chapter of Phi Gamma 
Delta and the first volume of Minutes closes with the 
words : "Thus it stands the third of that mystic brother- 
hood which shall embrace and own the talent and the 
glory of the Nation." 

The meeting of March 2, 1850, had under considera- 
tion "the propriety of adopting some By-laws and Reg- 
ulations for literary exercises," in consequence of 
which the members were entertained by essays on such 
subjects as "United Effort," "The Power of Nature 
over the Human Mind," and the "Sweets of Memory." 

The officers for the fourth year were 11, Crews; E, 
Wilson, and F, Kennedy. At the meeting of August 6, 
1850, a delegation of Deltas from Beta chapter, Wash- 
ington, swelled the roll to thirty-two. The literary tra- 
dition was maintained, bearing such fruit as "Mind," 
"Moral Sublimity," "Effort," "Creation of Man," 



92 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

"Spirit of Progression," "Firmness," "Soul," "Friend- 
ship," "Happiness," "True Ideality," "Thoughts," 
"Knowledge," and "Influence of Example." 

During this year, the need of some definite program 
for extending the order was felt, and a letter was sent to 
each graduate member urging earnest consideration of 
the question. Delta Chapter was established at Union 
University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee; and on March 
14, 1 85 1, the University at Chapel Hill, North Caro- 
lina, sent a petition for a charter which was granted in 
the name of Epsilon. 

The following resolutions were adopted toward the 
institution of a fraternity catalogue: 

For the farther carrying out the principles of this order, 
advancing its interests, and strengthening the ties of indi- 
vidual members. 

Resolved ist. That every member of our order 
be requested to keep his chapter informed of his residence, 
occupation and prospects, by correspondence at least once 
during the college year, and oftener should he change his 
location or anything of importance occur. 

Resolved 2nd. That every chapter be requested to 
forward periodically to the Grand Chapter the name, res- 
idence and occupation of each of its members and that the 
Grand Chapter distribute copies of the same to each other 
chapter whence they may be farther distributed to individ- 
ual members. 

In those days the minutes of conventions and Grand 
Chapter reports were written, instead of printed, there- 
by adding to the secret character of the fraternity. The 
following is one of the early Grand Chapter reports. 
The original fills one sheet of legal cap paper: 




X X Room of John Templeton McCarty in 

"Fort" Armstrong where Phi Gamma Delta was 

Founded. The Building was Razed in 1916 



FOUNDING OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 93 



Alpha Chapter 

at 
Canonsburg, Pa. 



ANNUAL CIRCULAR OF THE DELTA ASSOCIATION 

March, i860 
Now numbers thirteen members, of 
whom five have been initiated since last 
report. Four graduates. Regular meet- 
ings held once in two weeks, attended 
with literary exercises. Officers, S. W. 
Miller (n), R. T. Miller (E), T. N. 
Sickels (r). 

Twelve members. Fourteen initiations. 
Three graduates. Three removals. Three 
deaths. Twenty meetings. Condition 
"flourishing" and prospects "fair." Offi- 
cers, Wm. S. Eagleson (II), James Laf- 
ferty (E), J. W. Allen (r). 

Ten members. Eleven initiations. No 
graduates. Two removals. One death. 
Sixty-two meetings. Condition "pros- 
perous" and symptoms favorable. Offi- 
cers, T. S. Burnett (H), F. M. Windes 
(E), John W. Mallory (r). 
Re-established November, 1859. Six ini- 
tiations. No graduates. Nine meetings. 
Seventeen sister (?) fraternities. Never- 
theless flourishing like a green bay tree. 
Officers, L. R. Bell (n), J. A. Cameron 
(E),T. J. Hadley (r). 
Six members. Five initiations. Three 
graduates. One removal. Fourteen 
meetings. Good men are scarce at this 
college, therefore Deltas are scarce. Offi- 
cers, P. Harris (H), H. F. Pahl (E), 
M. M. Vander Hurst (T). 
This Chapter has sent in no report. As 
far as we can learn it is in a very flour- 
ishing condition. Officer, John W. 
Heath (r). 



Beta Chapter 
at 

Washington, Pa. 



Delta Chapter 

at 
Murfreesboro, Tenn. 



Epsilon Chapter 

at 
Chapel Hill, N. C. 



Kappa Chapter 

at 
Independence, Tex. 



Lambda Chapter 

at 
Greencastle, Ind. 



94 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 



Mu Chapter 

at 
Marion, Ala. 



Ten members. Three initiations. Four 
graduates. One death. Meetings held 
weekly. Faculty down on them, but 
prospects brightening. Officers, J. T. 
Caine (H), J. F. Burns (E), T. B. Cox 
(r). [Note in 1861 catalogue Burns is 
given as J. H.] 

Six members. Five initiations. No grad- 
uates. Five removals. Twenty-five 
meetings. 'Trospects good." Officers, 
L. Waggener (11), N. B. Anderson 
(E), J. B.Williams (r). 

Thirteen members. Six initiations. Three 
graduates. Three removals. "We can 
say, with truth equal to our gratification, 
that we are prospering." Officers, Theo. 
Heilig (n), W. D. Gotwald (E), M. 
H. Richards (T). 

Five members. Six initiations. Four re- 
movals. Twenty-one meetings. Danger 
of this chapter becoming extinct, but 
later reports more favorable. Officers, 
M. D. Sterrett (n), E. C. Rowe, (E), 
John T. Jones (T). 

By 1862, chapters had been established in the follow- 
ing places: 



Nu Chapter 

at 
Russellville, Ky. 



Xi Chapter 

at 
Gettysburg, Pa. 



Omicron Chapter 

at 
U. of Virginia 



Beta Washington College 

Gamma Nashville University 

Delta Union University 

Epsilon University of North Carolina 

Zeta Washington College 

Eta Marietta College 

Theta University of Alabama 

Iota Centre College 

Kappa Baylor University 

Lambda Indiana Asbury University 



Washington, Pa. 
Nashville, Tenn. 
Murfreesboro, Tenn. 
Chapel Hill, N. C. 
Marysville, Tenn. 
Marietta, O. 
Tuscaloosa, Ala. 
Danville, Ky. 
Independence, Tex. 
Greencastle, Ind. 




W ixDovv Sill ix AIcCarty's Room, now ix the Fraterxity's 

Archives 



FOUNDING OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 95 

Mu Howard College Marion, Ala. 

Nu Bethel College Russellville, Ky. 

Xi Pennsylvania College Gettysburg, Pa. 

Omicron University of Virginia Charlottesville, Va. 

Pi Allegheny College Meadville, Pa. 

Rho University of Kentucky Harrodsburg, Ky. 

So, less than a score of years after the six had signed 
the original constitution, the society and the noble prin- 
ciples for which it stood had spread to these sixteen seats 
of learning. 

A rare piece of Phi Gamma Delta jewelry came into 
being in this same year of 1862. It is a key very similar 
in shape to the key of Phi Beta Kappa. On one side at 
the top is a star, underneath which appear the letters 
Phi Gamma Delta, and two hands clasped on a book. 
On the reverse side is the name "A. H. Brown," also a 
monogram ^'A. H. B.," and "Jefferson, 1862." This 
key is now in the possession of a nephew of A. H. 
Brown, Rev. Merle H. Anderson, D.D., Washington 
and Jefferson College, '93. We are informed by the 
owner of another of these keys. Dr. T. D. Davis, of 
Pittsburgh, "The class of 1862 of Jefferson College had 
those keys made. My roommate, S. S. Gilson, obtained 
one from another source. He had a round plate of gold 
placed over the numerals 1862 and had engraved on it 
'Wash. & Jeff. Col., Class '66A.' " The fraternity min- 
utes of i860 to 1865 record no information in regard to 
these keys, and while Alpha chapter in 1862 was the 
grand chapter of the fraternity, it is probable that the 
keys were made and worn as the result of private enter- 
prise rather than as the official act of the governing 
body. 

For those of us who attach sentiment to everything 
pertaining to the lives of those who founded our society, 



96 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

none of the Minutes since '48 holds greater interest than 
that of August 5, 1862: 

Rev. Wilson of Beaver, the first 11 of the fraternity, 
delivered an interesting address to the chapter, giving a 
brief history of the founders of the fraternity with an ac- 
count of some of its first proceedings. On motion the 
chapter returned its warmest thanks to Brother Wilson 
for his very welcome address. 

The prefix, "Rev." was of course an error of the 
scribe. 

I came upon the original manuscript of this address 
while rummaging among some old papers in Wilson's 
law office at Beaver, Pennsylvania, in the summer of 
1909. Incredible as it seems, after the lapse of so many 
years, we are in possession of a vivid pen picture of 
each of the founders by one of them. The address is 
here given in full : 

Often, very often, within the past month, has the ques- 
tion presented itself, with an almost painful interest, what 
• shall I say to those whom I have promised to address? 
Shall I imitate the example of that large class of an- 
niversary orators who turn to the half forgotten pages 
of classic lore, and cull from thence an offering of rare 
but borrowed beauties. Or shall I wander into the mazy 
labyrinths of metaphysical research, and prepare for my 
hearers a learned essay which neither they nor I shall un- 
derstand? Or, like still another class, shall I select for 
discussion here one of those great questions which stir the 
hearts and arouse the passions of men, and thus give you a 
foretaste of that angry strife in which some of you are too 
soon to mingle. 

To all these questions my heart responded no. I felt 
that it was not to such an entertainment I had been in- 
vited. I knew, for I helped to set it up, that an altar had 
been erected here to friendship, to fraternal love; and I 




Mantel from McCarty's Room, Fort Armstrong, now in 

Library of Lambda Deuteron, Denison 

IVIcCarty's picture is over the mantel 



FOUNDING OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 97 

felt that if I brought a gift fit to be laid upon it, it must 
be an offering from the heart. But what ? Ah, that was 
a question most difficult to answer. I knew that in the 
fount of feeling there were treasures innumerable that had 
been gathered here, but I could not foresee the depths to 
which its waters would be stirred. I knew that in the 
vast storehouse of memory and the affections were treasur- 
ed images of the friends of other days, but I could not tell 
with what amazing distinctness they would appear before 
my touched vision in revisiting the spot where were per- 
formed those mystic rites which transmuted friends to 
brothers. I knew there were a thousand chords binding 
my heart to this altar, but I could not tell which might 
vibrate with the most power when I should approach it. 
Now, however, the mystery is solved. Among the many 
conflicting emotions which the exercises of this evening 
have excited, there are a few that are too deep for utter- 
ance. Among the many pleasing recollections that have 
been awakened, there are a few of surpassing interest. 
Among the many loved forms which seem to rise up before 
me, and take their places on the tablets of quickened 
memory, there are a few that stand out in amazing 
prominence. 

Involuntarily my mind wanders back to a little chamber 
not far from this, in which were assembled six earnest 
youths whose kindred aspirations and well-tried friend- 
ship for each other had bound them together as with hooks 
of steel. Although more than fourteen years have passed 
since their final separation, so vivid is my recollection of 
the form and features of each member of that group, that 
if I were a painter, I could delineate them with a truth- 
fulness that would almost make the canvas speak. First 
and most prominent in the little circle is the manly form 
of John T. McCarty. His appearance indicates his 
strength of purpose, his power of endurance, his iron will. 
A truer friend, a more fearless enemy never lived. If he 
loved you there was no honorable sacrifice he would not 
make to serve you; if he hated you, you knew full well 



98 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

that it was no stab in the dark you had to guard against. 
Acts of meanness he scorned ; and those who were guilty of 
them he regarded with inefifable contempt. Intellectually 
he was distinguished by the same manly vigor which char- 
acterized his physical organization. His reasoning and 
perceptive powers were clear and strong ; he was a vigor- 
ous writer; a ready, earnest and forcible speaker. Socially 
he was the life of the circle in which he moved. If you 
felt lonely and depressed, his was just the room you want- 
ed to visit. His hearty welcome made you feel that you 
grasped the hand of a brother. His lively sallies of wit, 
his joyous peals of laughter, his bluff Western manner, 
were a sovereign remedy for the "blues." 

It must be admitted that he was a little reckless, that 
he had perhaps hardly enough of regard for public opinion. 
What the impulses of his heart prompted, he would do, 
no matter what others thought. An incident illustrative 
of this and other points in his character, just now occurs 
to me. During our time here the country was engaged in 
a war with Mexico. You who are familiar with the 
history of that contest know that at one time the news- 
papers contained reports reflecting on the courage of the 
Indiana volunteers. In a word it was charged that at the 
battle of Buena Vista they gave way unaccountably. Very 
soon after the report of this engagement reached old Jeff- 
erson the boarders at "Fort" Armstrong were assembled in 
the hall awaiting the music of our smiling hostess' second 
bell. Of course the recent war news was the leading 
topic of conversation. Various opinions were expressed 
as to the conduct of the Indianians. At length a huge 
Kentuckian in the crowd, who stood nearly six feet two 
inches in his stockings, remarked with a kind of triumph- 
ant glance at McCarty, that the Hoosiers ran because they 
wanted pluck. "Mac's" eye flashed instantly. Two or 
three rapid strides brought him right in front of his assail- 
ant. Drawing himself up to his full height, he exclaimed : 
"The men whom you are slandering are my neighbors. 
I know them and I know the charge of cowardice, I care 



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Facsimile Signatures to Original Constitution 



FOUNDING OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 99 

not by whom made, is a base falsehood. If you or any 
one else doubt the courage of the men of my state, let him 
try me." Had it not been for the prompt and forcible 
interference of the by-standers, the impetuous Hoosier 
and the tall Kentuckian, who had up to that moment been 
on friendly terms, would have been engaged in a fierce 
and perhaps deadly conflict. McCarty must have known 
too that however it might result, the Faculty would prob- 
ably give him leave of absence. Yet, so generous were his 
impulses, that he was ready to risk all to vindicate those 
whose honor was dear to him and whom he believed to 
be unjustly assailed. You will not wonder that while 
such a man had hosts of friends who would rally round 
him and stand by him under all circumstances, he had also 
bitter enemies. Men of his stamp always have. 

Another marked feature in his character was his ambi- 
tion — not that "vaulting ambition which o'erleaps itself" 
— but a laudable desire for eminence, and a fixed unwav- 
ering purpose to attain it. Nature had fitted him for a 
leader, and he knew it. In pursuance of his well arrang- 
ed plans he hastened to the shores of the Pacific, a field 
just suited to his adventurous nature. There he was pur- 
suing with marked success a career which he fondly hoped 
would lead to honor and renown. But soon, alas, too 
soon for the realization of his dreams, the cold hand of 
death was interposed between him and the gilded letters 
which seemed in the dim distance to glitter in the inscrip- 
tion of his renown. I trust that "after life's fitful fever 
he sleeps well." 

The tall, slender young man who occupies the next 
place in the circle, and whose dark lustrous eye is in 
strange contrast with the pallor of his cheek, is Webster 
Crofts. If you had known him as I did you would not 
have loved him less. To a stranger his apparently re- 
served and distant manner was not attractive, but as your 
intercourse with him became more frequent, or you learned 
by slow degrees to appreciate his sterling qualities of head 
and heart, as you found with what implicit confidence 



loo HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

you could rely upon his honor, with what absolute cer- 
tainty you could depend on his kind offices, he could not 
fail to command your respect, and win your highest re- 
gard. In our contests with the opposing party in the 
other hall he always acted an important part. He had 
the earnestness and power of McCarty, but he had more 
coolness and discretion. Every word told. McCarty's 
blows were delivered with the crushing weight of the 
sledge-hammer; Crofts' were the keen thrust of the pol- 
ished blade. They never failed to make his opponent 
smart. But the chief excellency of his character was his 
unbending integrity; his high sense of honor; his manly 
courage; his unswerving fidelity in the discharge of all his 
duties. Had his life been spared, I feel assured he would 
have been an ornament to the institution whose founda- 
tions he helped to lay. 

Sitting a little apart from his companions is one whose 
modest mien and rare intellectual beauty are sure to arrest 
the attention of the beholder. That is Ellis B. Gregg. 
One earnest glance satisfies you as to his character. A 
kinder, truer heart than his never throbbed in the bosom 
of any human being. If you were prostrated by disease, 
his was the hand you desired to smooth your pillow. 
Moving around your bed-side with the grace and gentle- 
ness of a woman, anticipating every want, and supplying 
it with a kindness that won your heart, you would regard 
him almost as an angel of mercy sent to minister to you in 
your hour of suffering. He belonged to a class of whom 
the world has but few, who do every thing for their 
friends and seem to expect nothing for themselves. His 
intellectual qualities were scarcely less commendable, but 
such was his retiring modesty that only the few who knew 
him well appreciated him as he deserved. Owing to his 
extreme diffidence, he was not a ready or fluent speaker, 
but when he chose to make an effort, his written produc- 
tions exhibited a rare beauty and smoothness combined 
with a nervous power not often excelled. In one respect 
he was peculiarly gifted, and that was the unerring skill 







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Facsimile Signatures to Original Constitution 



FOUNDING OF PHI GAMMA DELTA loi 

with which he read the characters of those around him. 
I have never before or since met with a man who had so 
thorough a knowledge of human nature. What others 
required months to learn, and that by close observation 
and keen scrutiny, he seemed to know by intuition. If 
a new member was about to be proposed, Gregg was 
always consulted, and his brief and apparently indirect 
replies were yet so full of meaning that they generally 
settled the question forever. He went early to his rest. 
I have no doubt that when the summons came he obeyed it 

"As one who wraps the drapery of his couch about him 
And lies down to pleasant dreams." 

These are our honored dead. "Fortiter, fideliter, 
feliciter" might well be inscribed upon the tomb of each. 
If we who survive them ever make a pilgrimage it should 
be to their graves. If we ever plant flowers of affection 
to be watered by the tears of remembrance, it should be 
on the sod that covers their heads. 

Of the living it is hardly proper that I should speak; 
but there are two of them, Elliott and Fletcher, in 
regard to whom I know you will pardon me for saying a 
word. The former was the most thorough and accurate 
scholar in his class. Whatever he deemed worth know- 
ing, he considered worth knowing well. He had a su- 
preme contempt of that class of "college bred youths" 
who talk learnedly of the higher mathematics, and yet 
have not the knowledge of arithmetic required in the most 
ordinary business transactions of life; who take every oc- 
casion to display their little smattering of Latin and 
Greek, and are yet shamefully ignorant of the construc- 
tion of their mother tongue. While pursuing success- 
fully all the regular studies of his class, he made himself 
master of languages and sciences not embraced in the Col- 
lege courses. He was elected to represent his Society as 
essayist in the Contest of 1848. The contestants of that 
year, however, were not permitted to win or lose honor, 
owing to the fact that the other Society declined to meet 
us after the performances were prepared. But a gentle- 



I02 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

man of very high literary attainments to whom Elliott's 
essay was submitted pronounced it the most faultless pro- 
duction he had ever seen, coming from the pen of so young 
a man. As a friend he was genial, kind and generous. 
As a man, he was upright, just and honorable. If he had 
a fault, it was his want of charity for the boasts of those 
who made loud professions and the extreme bitterness with 
which he hated hypocrites. 

Fletcher was not a member of our class, and I was 
therefore not so intimately acquainted with him as with 
the others of whom I have spoken. I know, however, 
that he was one of the very best debaters in the Society 
to which he belonged. No one I think ever denied that 
he was a young man of more than ordinary ability. The 
high degree of confidence which his associates reposed in 
him is shown by the fact that he was unanimously chosen 
as the presiding officer of this Chapter at a time when the 
utmost skill and prudence were required in the manage- 
ment of its affairs. 

Of the last and humblest of the group, I have only to 
say he stands before you. 

These are they who laid the foundation on which you 
and your predecessors have reared a superstructure of 
surpassing beauty and magnificence. Its base is now al- 
most co-extensive with the Union ; its pinnacle pierces 
the clouds of heaven. Its deep and firm foundations, its 
stately columns, its lofty dome, the chaste beauty of its 
adornments are the wonder and admiration of all who 
have been permitted to behold them. If we who have 
conceived the design are entitled to credit, the master- 
workmen who executed it are deserving of all praise. 
Such of these as I had the pleasure of knowing and asso- 
ciating with here, are men whom I shall always delight 
to honor. The generous Penington, the gifted brothers 
Pershing, the eloquent Hall, the scholarly Woodrow, the 
genial Findley, and last but not least, the fallen patriot, 
the loved and deeply lamented Minis, whose remains I 
followed to the grave but a few weeks ago with feelings 



J/ if./. ^^-- /. 

Facsimile Signatures to Original Coxstitutiox 



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FOUNDING OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 103 

of such utter loneliness and desolation as I never experi- 
enced before; these, all these, and many others whom I 
might name hold no second place in my affections. Did 
time permit I could not refrain from telling you of their 
virtues. 

Brethren, I have already detained you longer than I 
intended. If what I have said is destitute of that dis- 
play of learning usually expected of anniversary addresses, 
it has at least the merit of having welled right up from 
the fount of feeling. I am one of those who believe 
that no prepared words are suited to express the genuine 
emotions of the heart. 

In conclusion allow me to say to you to whose keeping 
this our temple of science and friendship has this even- 
ing been committed, you cannot perform a nobler work 
than to beautify and adorn it. Guard well its portals. 
Permit none to enter who will disturb its peace or mar its 
harmony. So may God deal with you as you are faith- 
ful to your trust. 



CHAPTER II 

JOHN TEMPLETON MCCARTY 
ADVENTURER, idealist, entrepreneur, "Mac" led 

/j^the founders and the early initiates as Achilles led 
the Greeks, not by virtue of delegated power, for Wil- 
son was the first chosen president, but by the preemi- 
nence of his personality, — by what we cannot express 
better than by the classic word magnanimity. 

His father, Abner R., was a Scotchman, the son of a 
Presbyterian preacher who settled in Franklin County, 
Indiana, in 1803. By the time John was ready for col- 
lege he was a man of wealth engaged in numerous enter- 
prises such as merchandising, pork-packing, farming on 
a large scale, dealing in real estate, operating a canal 
boat line, managing stage lines between Cincinnati and 
Indianapolis, and operating land offices in the latter city 
and in Brookville. In 1838 he represented his county 
in the Indiana legislature, and he served several times 
as Grand Master of the state Masonic Lodge. 

His mother's family, the Templetons, came from 
County Antrim, Ireland, and settled first in Laurens 
County, South Carolina, whence they journeyed over- 
land to the Great West in 1802. At New Haven, in 
the new-made state of Ohio, Jane Templeton was born. 
Her mother, a Caldwell, was a first cousin of John 
Caldwell Calhoun. 

In 1821 Abner McCarty and Jane Templeton were 
married in New Haven, and started westward to 

[104] 



Personal. 

AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES 
OFFICE OF THE COMMANDING GENERAL 

Prance, April 10, 1918. 



Mr. William ?• Chamber lin, 
Hartford Club, 

Hartford, Connecticut. 

My dear Mr. Chamberlin: 

I am in receipt of your letter 
of March 11th, and wish to assure 
you that you need no other credential 
than your friendship fbr the Secre- 
tary of War. 

It is interesting to learn 
something of the eaiay life of those 
two brothers. Judge Cyrus L. Per- 
shing and Dr. I. C. Pershing were 
full couBins of my father. Cyrus 
I. Pershing has a son, Dr. Howell T. 
Pershing, Metropolitan Building, 
Denver, Colorado, from whom any fur- 
ther information can be obtained 
with reference to his father and 
uncle. 

Sincerely yours. 






JOHN TEMPLETON McCARTY 105 

Brookville, Indiana, where they made their home. In 
November, 1912, Dr. Wilson, C. H. Bosler, Denison 
'90, and I journeyed eighty miles westward from the 
Buckeye to the Hoosier state to visit the old homestead 
of the McCartys. We found it intact and were delight- 
fully entertained by Mrs. Mary M. Gallon, McCarty's 
sister, who made us richer by the present of a new 
daguerreotype of McCarty and his wife taken in Cal- 
ifornia just after their honeymoon. The house as it 
stands today is not greatly altered from the days of 
McCarty's boyhood. 

At Brookville John Templeton McCarty was born 
August 28, 1828. He attended the public schools of his 
native town, studied Greek and Latin with a local cler- 
gyman, and entered Miami University at Oxford, Ohio, 
in the spring of 1845, "aged seventeen years," as the old 
register records. He seems to have pursued a "Partial 
Course" only at Miami. At Jefferson, where he ma- 
triculated in May, 1847, he determined to establish a 
new organization, whose emblem now is proudly borne 
by college men in every state of the Union. 

The student McCarty is described by a classmate 
with whom I have had a number of conversations, the 
Rev. William Y. Brown, D. D., of Philadelphia, as a 
young man of unusually fine physique, open-hearted, 
generous, genial, sociable, and very popular, — one who 
mingled freely with all the students, and who was loved 
by all. 

Dr. Goodwillie speaks of him as a fine student and a 
brilliant speaker, and records that Franklin Hall was 
always crowded when it was known that McCarty was 
on the program. He remembers in particular a de- 



io6 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

scription of Hell in Pollock's Course of Time which 
"Mac" once declaimed in Franklin Hall. 

Of his room in "Fort" Armstrong, the scene of the 
first and many subsequent meetings, I have already told 
you at length. Here he studied and planned and 
dreamed of those "flattering prospects of future fame," 
which he made an unconditional basis of the selection 
of the brotherhood. 

A bit of unassuming simplicity is reflected in the fol- 
lowing brief account which the young man sent home to 
the Brookville American in September, 1847: 

Canonsburg, Pa. 
Mr. Editor — We live in a quiet and retired village, 
situated in a small valley, surrounded by high hills, from 
■vyhose summits you can behold, far in the dim distance, 
the lofty Allegheny Mountains, whose towering heights 
almost pierce the azure sky. The peace and quietude 
of our town was broken this morning by the appearance of 
the delegation from Washington, Pa., who were on the 
road to meet George M. Dallas, Vice-President of the 
United States. They here received a small acquisition 
to their number, and proceeded on their way. It was 
not long ere they returned with the Vice-President, whom 
we gave three loud and prolonged cheers. The procession 
halted, dismounted and repaired to the college chapel, 
where Mr. Dallas was again received with great applause. 
Mr. Brown, D.D., LL.D., in behalf of the faculty and 
students of Jefferson College, addressed Mr. Dallas in a 
brief and appropriate speech, expressing our thanks for 
honoring us with his presence, and related to him the 
origin of our college, its progress, and relation to Prince- 
ton College, his Alma Mater. After which Mr. Dallas 
addressed the young men of the institution. His address 
was very appropriate, couched in beautiful and chaste 
language, spoken in an eloquent and forcible manner. He 
contended that the prosperity of our country rested upon 



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Facsimile of Page from Origixal Mixute Book Showixg the 
Deletiox of Number 23 



JOHN TEMPLETON McCARTY 107 

three main pillars, viz: Intelligence, Industry and Vir- 
tue. Intelligence, the most important, from which would 
follow Industry, and, possessing these two, Virtue must 
be the consequent. He portrayed to the young men their 
present situation and glorious opportunities in comparison 
to many of our fellow mortals ; he urged them to remem- 
ber that "knowledge is power," and pointed out the im- 
portant duties which must soon devolve upon them, and 
how necessary it was for them to be competent to dis- 
charge those duties with honor to themselves, their friends 
and the land that gave them birth. He advised them to 
gaze out upon the broad, dark bosom of the shadowy 
Future, to scrutinize the great drama of life upon which 
some of them must soon enter to mingle with the cold and 
deceitful, in the busy scenes of the world, and to be pre- 
pared to act well their part, and in every department of 
life to acquit themselves manfully. He urged them not 
only to acquire a knowledge of ancient and modern lore, 
but especially to love their country more than all else be- 
sides; he made many pathetic appeals in behalf of love 
of country. Mr. Dallas is the finest looking man that it 
has ever been my fortune to meet. He does not possess 
that proud, haughty mien which characterizes many men 
who hold office; his countenance is noble, frank and dig- 
nified, and his whole appearance is comely and prepossess- 
ing. Notwithstanding I do not agree with him in politics 
I must confess I believe him to be a gentleman, a scholar, 
a philanthropist, and a Christian. John T. 

The commencement program at Jefferson, 1848, 
bears McCarty's name opposite the title "Progress of 
Free Principles." Immediately after graduation he 
returned to his Indiana home, and commenced the study 
of law. 

About this time the intense gold excitement of Cal- 
ifornia was abroad, and it was not long before it laid 
hold on the adventurous young dreamer. In the winter 
of 1848-49, he organized a company of lads in his native 



io8 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

town, who styled themselves the Brookville-California 
Company, and set out across the plains in search of their 
fortunes. The diary-journal of the little company, for 
the most part in the chirography of its accepted captain, 
I discovered in the family homestead at Brookville. 

Pasted on the fly-leaf of this old journal was the litho- 
graph of the old Jefiferson College buildings, produced 
in Chapter V of Part I. In turning over the page, 
a corner of the lithograph was loosened, and there on 
the back of the picture were the minutes of the meeting 
held May 15, 1848. A facsimile is here given. The 
original minute book of the fraternity contains no notes 
between the days of May 12, 1848, and June 6, 1848. 
The meeting of May 12, 1848, records the election of 
T. W. B. Crews, but there is no record of his initiation. 
The memorandum found in the old journal gives the 
missing information. It seems strange that after a lapse 
of sixty years the missing information and original rec- 
ord were found in the old journal. It is probable that 
Fletcher, the secretary, was not present on May 15th, 
and that Elliott, who wrote the minutes, gave them to 
McCarty to give to his roommate, Fletcher, to tran- 
scribe in the minute book. McCarty forgot; the record 
remained in his pocket finally to find its place in the 
journal of the Brookville-California Company, to cross 
the plains and back again, lost to the fraternity for sixty 
years and found by mere accident. 

John M. Conrad, a fellow member of the company, 
writes the first record on March 14, 1849, as follows: 

Upon Wednesday afternoon, at two o'clock, were to be 
seen from different parts assembling at the court-house of 
Brookville numbers of citizens to witness the presentation 
of the copy of the Holy Bible on the part of Franklin 






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JOHN TEMPLETON McCARTY 109 

County Bible Society to each member of the Brookville- 
California Company. The Rev. William Terrell made 
a presentation address. Captain John T. McCarty re- 
sponded to Mr. Terrell on the part of the company with 
a pathos and sublimity worthy the occasion, while his soul 
was heaving big with emotion. His pathetic remarks pro- 
ceeding from his fired soul caught the kindred fire in the 
breast of parting friends. 

The journal extends from March 14, 1849, to Decem- 
ber 6, 1849, and is embellished with many quotations 
from the classics, with beautiful descriptions of rivers, 
mountains, and prairies; of accounts of dealings and 
troubles with Indian tribes, of buffalo hunts, of night 
fights with wolves, of starvation and thirst, and priva- 
tion and death. Some of the little company died of 
cholera. McCarty himself was exceedingly ill with 
scurvy. One poor lad of the company, Skinner, died of 
pure unadulterated homesickness. McCarty writes in 
the journal of this day as follows: 

Friday, November 4, 1849, we went to the wagon in 
which E. Skinner was lying and found him dying. We 
stopped the teams and in a few minutes he breathed his 
last and without a murmur or a sigh. We proceeded to 
the summit of the hill and selected a very pretty spot 
between two oaks and interred his mortal remains, there 
to rest until the resurrection morn, to be called forth by 
Gabriel's trumpet with assembled millions before the just 
tribunal of the Judge of the quick and the dead to receive 
at his hands the reward of his labors. It is a solemn 
warning to us, his associates, and should teach us to pre- 
pare ourselves, for we know not the time when the mess- 
enger shall appear unto us. 

In the long journey across the plains, McCarty was 
the leader. It was he who first swam the rivers. It was 
he who first blazed out the difficult paths. It was he 



no HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

who killed the first bufiFalo and dug the first gold. He 
had all the dealings with the Indians, in one instance 
overcoming an enraged Redman in single combat. By 
his charming personality and brilliant attainments he 
made a name for himself in the first Legislature of Cal- 
ifornia as a competent clerk. Although he was but 
thirty-two when he died he had risen to the bench and 
had attained great influence. 

The journal contains several interesting references to 
his college days and his fraternity. ' On March 30, 
1849, McCarty writes on board the Sacramento on the 
Missouri river: 

Early in the evening we passed Glasgow, a small vil- 
lage, the residence of a particular friend of mine, T. W. 
B. Crews, a brother Phi Gamma Delta, who is now at 
Jefiferson College, Pa. 

Crews is the name on the memorandum which was 
found pasted on the first page of McCarty's journal. 

On April 13 McCarty again writes in his journal of 
meeting three former college chums of Miami Univer- 
sity who were in another company, likewise engaged in 
going to the far west. 

April 14 he refers to being a Mason and describes an 
evening spent in a Masonic hall in St. Joseph. April 
29 he writes of receiving a letter from and replying to 
Fletcher: "My old room-mate at Jeflferson College." 
Fletcher was probably a room-mate of McCarty just 
after the society was organized. April 29 McCarty 
also records writing to Edmiston, the first member 
of the Washington College chapter. May 4, 1849, he 
records that he wrote to Gregg. May 21 he refers to 
Elliott. July 7, 1849, McCarty and companions came 
upon another camp. He had here an unusual experi- 




Phi Gamma Delta Kev, Front and Reverse 



JOHN TEMPLETON McCARTY in 

ence, of which he writes: "I met Bolivar G. Krepps, a 
brother Phi Gamma Delta, whom I had never seen be- 
fore. The meeting was purely accidental, and perhaps 
so much the more happy. We drank to each other's 
health, to each other's success, and the prosperity of the 
'Delta Association.' We conversed for four hours upon 
college associates and college days. We partook of a 
glorious dinner." What a striking coincidence was the 
meeting of these two brothers in the trackless west! Un- 
der the ever reaching sky, with uncovered heads, they 
stood on the bank of the river Sweet Water and with a 
draught of the liquor of that limpid stream quaffed a 
toast "to the prosperity of the 'Delta Association.'" 
Nowadays one is likely to meet a brother in any com- 
munity, but in the young days it was rare indeed to 
clasp the hand of a stranger-brother in such an out 
of the way place. Alas, poor Krepps! His was not to 
be gold or fame. The minutes of the Alpha chapter, 
dated May 27, 1850, record the appointment of "Crews 
as chairman of a committee to draft resolutions in ref- 
erence to the decease of our late brother, B. G. Krepps." 
The record of July 4, 1849, is written by McCarty and 
illustrates his patriotism: 

Before the dawn of day this morning, might have been 
heard the shouts of many merry hearts and the loud re- 
ports of the many guns that were being fired from the 
different camps that were near our own in the valley of 
the beautiful stream Sweet Water. Why was it that to- 
day so many immigrants were resting, that their loud and 
prolonged shouts are heard more than upon other days? 
Why is it that to-day in the states the Star Spangled Ban- 
ner, the emblem of American liberty, floats from so many 
points, that the farmer has laid aside his accustomed labor, 
that the lawyer and doctor have left their posts, the me- 



112 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

chanics their shops, why everybody their accustomed associ- 
ations and gone to some point or place to a festival ? It is 
because it is a day of American jubilee, the Fourth of July, 
the anniversary of American Independence, a day held sa- 
cred in commemoration of the day in which our independ- 
ence was declared, a day upon which the fathers of the 
revolution, tired of oppression, threw off the galling yoke 
and resolved to be free. The results and fruits of that rev- 
olution we are familiar with, and never shall their heroic 
deeds and brave achievements be forgotten by their des- 
cendants. Every American loves to go back in imagina- 
tion and travel the bloody paths that our fathers trod, to 
visit the battlefields where their heart's best blood was 
freely shed for the liberties and privileges that we now 
enjoy. We spent the forenoon in thinking of bygone days 
and contrasting our present situation with what it was 
one year ago. Our cook prepared a sumptuous repast, 
of which we all partook, after which wine was passed 
around and some toasts drank and guns fired. Thus we 
spent the Fourth of July, 1849, a day long to be remem- 
bered by us all. Although few in number we had a 
pleasant time of it. The evening was passed in pleasant 
conversation, after which we retired, being desirous of 
an early morning. 

On October 24, 1849, McCarty first commenced min- 
ing, and writes that he worked hard all day and made 
about $10. He says : "This was the first day's work of 
my life, and I did tolerably well. The lads were dis- 
couraged, however, and after the day was over they laid 
out all they made for flour at $40 per hundred and 
musty at that." 

The journal of the Brookville-California Company 
is a most interesting tale of western adventure, a pen 
picture of a "forty-niner." 

The mines in California were reached in the middle 
of November. The general separation of the company 




From 



AN A.MBROTVPE OF JoHN TempleTOX AIcCaRTY 
1853 



JOHN TEMPLETON McCARTY 113 

occurred about November 20, 1849. McCarty left the 
company, went to San Jose, the seat of the new govern- 
ment, and obtained employment as the first clerk in the 
first California legislature. His previous law study, his 
college education, and his splendid appearance and 
winning personality without doubt availed him much in 
obtaining this employment. 

When the first flush of the search for the pot of gold 
ended, McCarty turned again to the law, and in Febru- 
ary, 1850, located at Marysville, California, where he 
was twice elected county recorder with judicial author- 
ity as judge of the police court. 

Meanwhile at home an editorial of the Brookville 
American^ February 8, 1850, contained the following 
account of the absent one: 

On our first page will be found a letter to the editor 
of the Ajnerican from J. T. McCarty, Esq., giving a 
graphic and interesting sketch of his journeyings to Cali- 
fornia, and his first impressions of the golden regions. 
This is the first and only letter that has been received 
from him since he crossed the mountains. His family and 
numerous friends had long been anxiously looking for 
some word from him. His health, welfare and advanc- 
ing prosperity are watched with the most intense anxiety 
by his doting friends. John T. McCarty is a young man 
of mind, of enterprise and of laudable ambition. 

John T. McCarty has received a good collegiate educa- 
tion ; by application he was soon admitted to the bar, and 
then he leaves his home to seek his fortune on the shores of 
the Pacific. His father wealthy — so much as to be per- 
fectly independent in worldly goods of both friends and 
enemies — with but few children to inherit his estate, it 
requires no ordinary decision for his son to tear away from 
a home so attracting and friends so devoted, to gain a 
name and fame by his own talents and energies. 



114 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

One morning in the same month the Daily Appeal of 
Marysville published the following notice: 

RECORDER'S COURT-POLICE, ETC.— This 
Court was very thinly attended yesterday morning. Not 
a solitary case upon the docket. No D.D.'s — no "dis- 
orderlys" — or other misdemeanors were reported. This 
speaks well for our city government. It shows one of 
two things, viz: first, either all the vagabonds and scoun- 
drels have left the city, or, second, they fear his honor, 
Recorder McCarty. It gives us pleasure to bear witness 
to the faithful manner in which Recorder McCarty dis- 
charges his duties. He is prompt in his decisions, and 
metes out equal and exact justice unto all. He possesses 
a fine discriminating mind, and consequently discriminates 
in his punishments. Marysville never had a better Re- 
corder, and perhaps never will have. 

Two years later, while Master of Ceremonies at 
a Masonic ball and banquet in Marysville, McCarty 
met Mary E. Pierson, the fifteen-year-old daughter 
of a Marysville minister. She assumed forthwith an 
important place in his life, and when in 1853 she was 
sent to boarding school in Morristown, New Jersey, 
McCarty followed to claim her. When he arrived, 
the school was in the midst of festivities, its fair charges 
disguised in the time-honored costumes of a masquer- 
ade. He found Miss Pierson in the garb of the In- 
dian princess Pocahontas, and promptly claimed the 
prerogative of Captain John Smith. 

It was on the way across the isthmus on his trip to 
New York by water that McCarty contracted the "Pan- 
ama" fever, which undermined his health and ended his 
career six years later. 

McCarty and his bride were married by the Rev. 
James C. Edwards at Morris Female Institute on the 




John Templeton McCarty, 1856 

From a daguerreotype which belonged 

to his mother 



JOHN TEMPLETON McCARTY 115 

17th of August, 1854. The two, attended by a maid and 
a valet, made a tour of all the large Eastern cities and 
resorts before returning by river, canal, and stage to 
Brookville. From McCarty's old home they went by 
canal to Cincinnati, thence by rivers to New Orleans, 
and finally by way of the isthmus to San Francisco. 
They set up housekeeping in the house which he had 
built for her in Marysville, where they entertained 
handsomely and had "all that could make a happy 
home." Mrs. McCarty, who still lives, gives this de- 
scription: 

My lover had sunny brown hair and beautiful blue eyes. 
He stood six feet in socks, and was finely built. He was 
always draped in the best money could buy and good taste 
dictate. He always carried a cane and wore a silk hat. 
He was very strong. He sometimes wore a very heavy 
curly beard. 

In April, 1857, their only child, Molly, was born. 
She was married when quite young to Mr. Tinker, a 
close friend of General U. S. Grant. In a few years 
she was left a widow with a little daughter and then 
entered upon the career of an actress, using the name of 
Mae Evelynne. 

At the home of McCarty's granddaughter, Mrs. 
Charles J. Sindelar, in Chicago, I have seen the brace- 
lets and the brocaded white silk embroidered in sil- 
ver in which Mary Pierson was married to John T. 
McCarty. 

Up to i860 McCarty had been a man of wealth, but 
through the rascality of a man whose bond he signed, he 
found himself suddenly much reduced in means. On 
the advice of friends he resolved to recuperate his for- 
tunes in the mines of Nevada, and sold all his real prop- 



ii6 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

erty preparatory to moving. During the week before 
the time set for their departure the family stayed at the 
Merchants' Hotel in Marysville, where on the morning 
of the 4th of February, he was taken suddenly ill and 
was assisted from the breakfast table to his room. Just 
before noon he took the hands of his girl wife, held 
them to his heart, whispered, "It's all right," and his 
soul took its flight. 

Three of the young members of the Brookville-Cal- 
ifornia Company left a written record to the effect that 
"we well remember the cheerful countenance of our 
friend when he expressed a fixed determination to 'live 
and die in California.'" 

His wish, expressed in the days of youth and vigor, 
was fulfilled and he was buried in his adopted home 
amid great pomp and deep sorrow. The manuscript 
of Rev. Mr. Taylor's sermon given at the service was 
in the old McCarty home in a Japanese cabinet which 
McCarty had once brought to his mother from San 
Francisco. The text is: 

^^Therefore, be ye also ready for in such an hour 
as ye think not, the Son of Man cometh^ 

Hidden within the folds of the manuscript was found 
an old ambrotype enclosed in a gold locket of Japanese 
workmanship, beautifully inlaid with a lotus flower 
design in colors, and this has been presented to the 
archives by Mrs. Jennie M. Yaryan, of Richmond, 
Indiana, a younger sister of McCarty. 

Friends and admirers in the Masonic order, among 
the Knights Templars — fifty of whom rode on black 
horses from San Francisco to precede the funeral 
procession — and in the Bar Association, promulgated 
resolutions of condolence, tendering their deceased 




Home of John Templetox AIcCarty, 
Brookville, Indiana 



JOHN TEMPLETON McCARTY . 117 

member heartfelt recognition of the good name and 
fame he had earned in his short career among them. 

In December, 1906, I commenced a correspondence 
with Edward B. Stanwood, Secretary of Corinthian 
Lodge No. 9, F. and A. M., at Marysville, California, 
relative to the grave of John T. McCarty. Mr. Stan- 
wood replied in January, 1907, as follows: 

I have delayed answering that I might find out if pos- 
sible something about the condition of John T. McCarty's 
grave. This was a difficult matter as there are no ceme- 
etery records here extending so far back as i860. Some 
semi-official records kept by a former city sexton were car- 
ried off by him years ago as his private property, and much 
confusion has been the result. Yesterday, however, I 
came across an old lady who has lived here about fifty 
years and who knew Mr. McCarty in his lifetime, and she 
gave me directions to find his grave, which is in the 
Marysville city cemetery. As she told me, there was no 
stone of any kind at the grave. A fence of wooden posts 
and wrought iron chains surrounding the lot, twenty feet 
by twenty feet, was in a very much tumbled-down condi- 
tion. Originally there had been a wooden stake at the 
grave, bearing the number, but this long ago disappeared. 

Upon receipt of this information steps were immedi- 
ately taken to have the lot put in order; a white 
Italian marble stone was purchased in Dayton and 
shipped to Mr. Stanwood, who had it placed in posi- 
tion, where it now marks McCarty's grave with an in- 
scription from the pen of Newton D. Baker, Johns 
Hopkins, '92: 



ii8 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

JOHN TEMPLETON McCARTY 

Born in Brookville, Indiana, August 28, 1828 

Died in Marysville, California, February 4, i860 

This Memorial was erected 

to his memory 
by the College Fraternity of 

Phi Gamma Delta 

of which he was the founder 

and the influence of which, 

magnified beyond his fondest hopes, 

lives to ennoble his memory. 

And so the body of the leader of our founders lies 
mouldering in its grave, while his soul goes marching 
on. 

A glance at the following correspondence with 
Elliott will serve to bear out Wilson's statement that 
"Socially 'Mac' was the life of the circle in which he 
moved:" 

LETTERS OF JOHN T. McCARTY 

Delta Hall No. i, May 20, 1848. 
Mr. James Elliott, Jr., Mount Pleasant, Ohio: 

Brother James — Your communication relative to 
the pins came duly to hand. I was glad to learn that the 
initials and date were correct, but from what you say I 
fear they are too light to look well. Four of us (viz., the 
seniors) intended sending for ours on yesterday, but Mil- 
ler did not go. We will send soon. The Deltas conven- 
ed last night at 10 o'clock at Delta Hall No. i, and de- 
cided that we should all speak on commencement but Pen- 
ington, and also passed a motion prohibiting us from 
wearing our pins until Saturday before commencement. 
They think the interests of the order demand it. If so I 
am content, although I should like to wear mine all the 
time. So Jim, if you are wearing yours, you had better 
leave it ofiE when you return to this place. All is peace 
and harmony in the brotherhood. All right, last night we 



JOHN TEMPLETON McCARTY 119 

elected all our ticket for Essayists, viz: Pershing, Elliott, 
Logan and Hall — three cheers — result of union. Try 
and return soon. I have at last chosen a subject, viz.: 
"Progress of Free Principles in Europe." Excuse this 
sheet. Accept regards of all the Deltas and write to me 
immediately or "eo instanti" — Blackstone. 
Write, write. 

John T. McCarty. 

Canonsburg, Pa., May 29, 1848. 
Esteemed Friend: 

Brother Delta — A few days have elapsed since your 
favor was received, and be assured it was perused with no 
ordinary degree of pleasure, being the first I ever received 
from you, the first from a Delta; of course I was rejoiced, 
happy and content; I presented your compliments to all 
the chapter and they send theirs in return with many good 
wishes for your future welfare. But hold — Penington 
and myself, Logan and McKinney (Beta), went to Pitts- 
burgh last week to hear Forrest. Soon after our arrival 
the immortal three hastened to Wilson's shop and procur- 
ed our pins ; better pleased than I expected to be — I also 
got Jenkins' and Gilchrist's. Logan did not intend to get 
his, but he swore he must have it forever by him; even 
so, although there was one Beta in the crowd. 

Penington and I wore our pins — we could not keep 
from it. Mc. wondered at it somewhat, and we gave him 
no satisfaction. We heard Forrest two evenings — in 
Metemora and Sackade. The latter is the best thing I 
have ever witnessed. Since my return I wore my pin out 
in the country, and whom do you suppose I met there? 
Why Jacob Winters and W. A. Rankin. Being only with 
them a short time, I can not say whether they discovered it 
or not. One of the ladies admired it very much — said it 
was beautiful, and asked the nature of it. I replied that 
that was a mystery. She then supposed that it was a Beta 
pin. This I boldly denied, but told her that she would 
see more of them on commencement. I received a letter 
from Crofts a few days ago — he is about to raise a High 



I20 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

School in New Lisbon. God grant that he may succeed. 
May he attain the high eminence that his talents merit. 
He has a soul, and I trust that he will not have to deal 
with such mean, deceitful men as the Faculty of J. Col- 
lege. He says he will be here at commencement, but will 
not take a diploma. I have finished my speech. It is 
about 12 minutes long. I read it to the Dr. to-day; he 
made no corrections except recommended a change of 
words in one or two instances. I am not certain that I 
will adopt them. He asked me if you were going to 
speak. I told him you were ready and would speak. He 
seemed pleased and said he would rather excuse others 
than you. Cox, Duncan, Milligan, and perhaps Robinson 
are excused. Sam B. has finished his speech and is now 
out in the country rusticating, but will return in a day or 
two; his subject, "Immortality of Man." 

I hope you will be back on Saturday at farthest, so you 
and Sam B., Gallatin and myself can go to the woods and 
practice our speeches. There was nothing of importance 
done in Society at the last meeting. 

The Deltas are flourishing. Nothing done of late. 

Thy well wisher 

To James Elliott, Jr. Jno. T. McCarty. 

Brookville, Ind., June 2, 1848. 
Esteemed Friend: 

Brother James — Your truly welcome and interest- 
ing communication came to hand this morning, and I has- 
ten to respond. Yes, James, 'tis strange that we can not 
— nay, would not if we could — forget the past; there is 
to me at least a melancholy sweetness in the recollections 
of days that are past and gone. I love to think of the 
happy hours of bygone days, of the glorious scenes in 
which I was a participant with many endeared friends 
from whom I am now separated — perhaps forever. 
"While these sober, mellow days are passing by me with a 
melancholy smile, I love to retrace my footsteps along the 
pathway of life, and call up in long review the happy 







c:?«^^2^: ?^~ .^^r- .s^i^^-^^^;?;^- 



Facsimile of Page in McCarty's Journal. 
Meeting with Krepps 



JOHN TEMPLETON McCARTY 121 

scenes that have flitted from my vision like the gay but 
withered leaves of the departed summer." It is indeed 
hard to part from those we love, with but little prospect 
of meeting again. Such were my sad thoughts on the 
morn I bid you adieu, and so with other Deltas — those 
who shall ever be dear to me — with whom the most 
pleasant hours of my eventful life have been passed. But 
my college days are now over ; but never can I forget the 
happy hours, glorious scenes, eventful excursions and dar- 
ing deeds of my college life. No, all these will be fresh in 
my memory in after years — yea, even till I totter upon 
the verge of the grave. I have now entered upon the 
great battlefield of life — launched my barque upon the 
troubled ocean, and whether I will be able to guide it 
safely over the boisterous billows has yet to be decided. I 
trust — yea, I know I have the good wishes of many kin- 
dred spirits, and shall ever have the ardent prayers of all 
the Deltas. With some such well wishers I enter the 
great stage of action. That you and all of our order may 
glide smoothly down the stream of life and finally weigh 
anchor in the harbor of safety, prosperity, happiness and 
glory, is the heartfelt wish of your humble correspondent. 
Perseverentia vincit omnia should be borne in mind up- 
on all occasions, especially in times of trouble and disap- 
pointment. But why thus fill up this sheet ? I will now 
give you a hasty history of myself. After we left Wheel- 
ing nothing of interest occurred till we reached the resi- 
dence of Gallatin Jenkins. I shook him warmly by the 
hand and expressed many wishes for his future glory, and 
then said. Vale, vale utrumque vale. We reached Cin- 
cinnati on Sabbath morning. I then bid Crews farewell 
and wended my way to the hotel, but ere I reached it I 
met a young gentleman from the state of Brookville, who 
informed me that there were three young ladies from said 
state in the city anxiously awaiting my arrival. I dressed 
up and hastened to them, and found them beautiful and 
smiling, and rejoicing to see their once gallant. On that 
night I saw the lady to whom I first made love ; she also 



122 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

appeared happy, and met me again. Such being my situa- 
tion, I could not — did not leave the city until Wednes- 
day. I had all kinds of amusement in the city. Met sev- 
eral old Oxford students, who gazed in wonder at my 
Delta pin — and well they might, for so pretty a thing 
they never before beheld. When I reached home I found 
my father a warm Taylor man. We had a Taylor meet- 
ing here on Saturday night past; some pretty speeches. 
I am to make a Taylor speech on next Saturday in 
this place. I should not do this but my father is so warm 
a Taylor man that I can not well decline. I don't 
think I shall write my speech — take notes and speak 
extemporaneously. I commenced reading law on yester- 
day, and intend to be admitted in one year or die a-trying. 
I wrote to Fletcher on yesterday. I have not received a 
letter from him. Excuse this miserable letter, and accept 
the regards of 

Write instanter. John T. McCarty 

James Elliott. 

Brookville, Ind., July lo, 1848. 

Brother James — I seat myself to indite you a short 
note on business. Learning from your last letter that you 
had not succeeded in getting a school, and our county sem- 
inary being vacant at present, I inquired a few days ago 
of one of the trustees if they had any one in view, and he 
told me they had not. On yesterday I had a long talk 
with one of the trustees, and told him that I knew of a 
young man very much qualified for the situation, and who 
more than probably would be pleased to procure said semi- 
nary. After thus conversing, I agreed to write to you 
instanter, so as to learn whether you had obtained a 
school, and, if not, whether you were desirous of getting 
in "Hoosierdom." If you want the school, and will come 
with sufficient recommendations (which you can do with- 
out any trouble, as I told the trustee), I think I can ob- 
tain the situation for you without any difficulty. The 
school was worth to the last principal between 5 and 
$600.00 a year; whether it would be worth that for the 




Mr. and Mrs. John Templetox McCarty 
From daguerreot.vpe taken in California in 1854 



JOHN TEMPLETON McCARTY 123 

first year now, I can not say, though I presume not. But 
this much I will insure you, that you will like old Brook- 
ville, be esteemed by everybody in all this county, live 
happy, make enough to pay your board, for clothes, spend- 
ing money, and the lawyer with whom you will read, etc., 
etc., and I will also insure you to be admitted to the bar in 
one year from the coming August. Is this sufficient to in- 
duce you to apply for the seminary in old Brookville? 
And you shall be with a Delta who esteems you from the 
bottom of his heart. Yea, James, we will room together, 
etc., and go and see the women just whenever you say so; 
I am always ready. Please write to me on the day you 
receive this whether you have yet got a school, and wheth- 
er you wish the one here. I want you to come, and be 
assured you shall receive a hearty welcome from all my 
friends, male and female. By the time I receive your ans- 
wer to this I can be certain whether I can obtain the situa- 
tion. I am determined to be admitted next February. I 
have already made two Taylor speeches, one in this place 
and one in the adjoining county. How I did, of course I 
can not say, only that I have received many compliments 
from old and young. My prospects for the future are 
highly flattering. I trust it may ever be so. I received 
only a few minutes since a letter from our friend Dan 
Crofts. He seems in fine spirits — but is opposed, alas, to 
Taylor. Write to him and urge him to go for Taylor; 
for my part, I am really sanguine of his election, and I ex- 
pect to win some money on it. I did not intend to write 
more than ten lines when I began, but, writing to you, I 
know not when to stop. I wrote you only a few days 
since, which letter I supposed you have already received. 
Write eo instanti, and accept the regards and well wishes 
of your sincere friend, 

James Elliott, Jr. John T. McCarty. 

Write soon. 

Brookville, Ind., July 19, 1848. 
Brother James — Upon yesterday I received two 
communications from you, to which I now hasten to reply. 



124 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

But in the first place, permit me to express to you my sin- 
cere pleasure in learning the fact that you were soon to 
cast your barque upon the political ocean, and that too, up- 
on a safe and tried vessel. I trust ere this you have made 
one or two Taylor speeches, and such as have done you 
much credit, though I have no fears on this point. Since 
I wrote you last I have been enjoying myself most glori- 
ously — read all the day and visit the women at night. 
So far I have progressed in studies far beyond my most 
sanguine expectations, and I am now confident that I can 
be admitted on next February, if I have my health. I 
received upon Monday last a letter from little Crews ; he 
had reached home in safety after a long, tedious journey. 
He seemed happy, and intends to return to old Jeffer- 
son. I wrote to him and urged to return, and to sustain 
the reputation he now has at this place. He is a boy of 
much promise, and I feel deeply interested in his welfare. 
I also received a letter from our beloved old Dan Crofts, 
which was perused with no ordinary pleasure. He is one 
whom I always loved for his good qualities, and have 
ever been an admirer of his talents. I can never forgive 
the faculty of Jefferson College for their base injustice to 
him. But he can get through this world without their 
aid or even a diploma. I lately heard from my old room- 
mate Fletcher, who had the blues the worst way when he 
wrote me. I trust he has said begone, dull care, and will 
be content and happy during this vacation, and will next 
season accomplish wonders for the Deltas. He has the 
abilities, if he will only keep in good spirits. Oh! the 
happy days that I have spent at old Jefferson. I was re- 
joiced to hear that old Sam B. was soon to be "a limb of 
the law." Tell him in your next letter to write to me as 
he promised. Has he forgotten old John T. McCarty of 
Indiana, or why does he not write? I wrote to Gregg 
and Ray, but have not as yet received an answer. I intend 
writing in a few days to Gilchrist of Butler county, and 
old Edmiston of Washington College. As to old Taylor's 
prospects, I, for one, feel confident of his election. I also 




JoHX Templetox jVIcCarty, Wife axu Child 
Taken just previous to his death in i860 



JOHN TEMPLETON McCARTY 12^ 

feel confident that old Indiana will be right this time and 
no mistake. The Taylor fever is very high here, and so 
many Democrats intend to vote for the man who never 
surrendered. But, to be candid, I fear Ohio will go for 
Cass, on account of your large Abolition vote, though I 
sincerely hope for better things. If there is an exertion 
made, Ohio must be right, as the people are generally 
white in that state ; here we have to contend with some 
10,000 Dutch, but, thank God, some of them have at last 
got their eyes open and are shouting for Taylor and Fil- 
more. But should we lose Ohio, I still think Taylor will 
be elected, as he must get New York and S. Carolina. 
But why it is that so many of the volunteers who have just 
returned are against him I can not for the life of me see. 
I was of the impression that he was the idol of the soldiers. 
But I trust all will be right. I went upon yesterday in 
the country to see the president of the board of trustees of 
our seminary, and told him that I had heard from you, 
and all was right as to your coming if you could obtain 
the situation. He has called a meeting of the board on 
Saturday next, at which time I have now no doubt but 
that James Elliott of Ohio will be chosen. If so, I will 
write to you immediately — that is, on next Monday. I 
would advise you to write to each one of the professors of 
Jefferson College and request them to send you written 
testimonials immediately, which they will of course do. I 
think perhaps it would be best to have some recommenda- 
tions from home or from teachers in that vicinity. In 
haste I am thy sincere friend, 

John T. McCarty. 
James Elliott. 

I will write you on Monday to let you know the result 
of the meeting of the board of trustees. I think I would 
write immediately to the faculty of Jeflferson, so that if 
you get the seminary of this place you can come on eo 
instanti. John T. McCarty. 

My compliments to all Deltas to whom you write, and 
request them to write to me. John T. 



126 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

Brookville, Ind., July 24, '48. 
Esteemed Friend — In my last letter to you I prom- 
ised to write you again on to-day. I have now seized my 
"gray-goose quill" for that purpose. The trustees of our 
seminary met on Saturday last, and you were chosen prin- 
cipal of the said seminary. Inclosed you will find a letter 
from them (I tore off all but the writing) , which will tell 
you of their proceedings. One of the trustees upon this 
morning told me to say to you that did not the seminary 
flourish as they anticipated, that they would make a small 
appropriation to you. I am of the impression that you 
can have a good school. If, however, you should not be 
satisfied, you need not stay forever. I think it would be 
better for you to hasten on here as soon as possible. If 
you have not got your recommendations from Canonsburg, 
you can have them forwarded to you here. As you will 
have to be here several days before you take up school, 
time enough to publish your notices, I would take boat to 
Cincinnati and stop at the United States Hotel. The 
stage office for this place is there, and it is the best hotel 
in the city. If the stage is not coming to Brookville on 
the day you get to the city, you can come up in an omni- 
bus. There is a stage one day and an omnibus the next. 
Write me immediately upon what day you will leave 
home, etc., etc. When you land at old Brook, stop at the 
Brookville Hotel, and there you will find old John T. 
McCarty. I wish you could be here on to-morrow even- 
ing, as we are to have a very large party at Bunk-comb 
Castle, alias my father's residence. We will have great 
and rich time, I suppose. I have been offered a fine situa- 
tion as a partner in the law business as soon as I can be 
admitted, though I don't think I will accept it, wishing 
to go south. The seminary of Franklin county is now at 
your service. Will you accept it or not? I hope you will. 
I would advise you to bring all your books along — 
French and all — as I think you can raise a select French 
class this winter. I shall look for you in about 10 or 12 
days from this time. I am still flourishing finely and 




John Templeton AIcCartv about i860 



JOHN TEMPLETON McCARTY 127 

reading very hard. Write eo instanti — if not sooner 
— and believe me thy friend and well-wisher, 

John T. McCarty. 
James Elliott, Jr. 

P. S. — If you can get here by the 8th of August, we 
can go to Oxford [Miami University] to commencement 
with our Delta pins, as it is only 15 miles from this place. 

John T. M. 

Brookville, Ind., October 18, 1848. 
Esteemed Friend — I owe you many apologies for 
not answering sooner your last welcome and interesting 
epistle. I might write a list of excuses that would fill 
this sheet, and yet all be good and true ones, but I will 
not bore you with enumerations, but I will merely state 
one excuse or reason why I have neglected you so long, 
and it is simply this : My father has been sick ever since 
your letter came to hand, and I have had to spend most of 
my time at home. He is now better, and I think will 
doubtless recover, though I was fearful for some days that 
he would not. So for the last four weeks I have done but 
little with my studies, as I have not read one hundred 
pages in all that time. My whole heart and soul are in 
the presidential election. We have just received glorious 
news from the state elections of Pennsylvania and Ohio. 
I trust it is true, as I believe much depends on the way 
Ohio goes in November. I am still sanguine of Taylor's 
success, having confidence in the Whigs of your state. 
About three weeks ago I accompanied Judge Watson to 
Mercersville, on the Ohio line, at which place we made 
speeches, and it so happened that we had three young 
ladies there from Oxford, old friends of mine, brought 
there by McKeely, whom you know. After I had spoken 
I took my seat in the carriage and drove the girls to 
Brook; two of them returned next day; one (my favorite) 
remained and sent for her clothes. I paid some consider- 
able attention to her whilst here. "Oh, what a pure and 
sacred thing is beauty.'' Last week I took her home, and 
also took her to Hamilton to the Whig barbeque, which 



128 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

was a grand affair. Ex. Gov. Metcalf of Ky. made the 
first speech, Caleb B. Smith of Indiana the second, and 
here let me say that this same Cale Smith has few superior 
stump orators in the union. He makes an able speech. 
Then came Col. Delans of Ohio, tolerable only. After 
him Moosehead of Ky. And still they came — on came 
the great, great, great Sam Corwin, the unequalled orator 
of the world. His whole manner, building of thoughts 
and expressions, grace and power of gesticulation sur- 
passed anything that I have ever heard. Twelve thou- 
sand people sat enraptured at his thrilling eloquence for 
more than two hours, and then proceeded to their respec- 
tive homes well pleased with Whiggery, Corwin, etc. 
This was the first political meeting I ever attended. I 
forbear description, as I could not do it justice. I still 
make a speech occasionally; have now some appointments. 
I hope you are serving your county. Dan Crofts is now 
for Taylor. He once said he could not go him, as he was 
not a genuine Whig. 

I was glad to learn that you had some good situations in 
view. I hope you have succeeded in obtaining the one you 
desired, for if there is any one in this world that I could 
desire to see prosper, it is James Elliott of Mt. Pleasant, 
Ohio. I have not yet determined where I will settle. 
Perhaps at Connersville with Mr. Burrows, who is now 
prosecutor of Lafayette Co. and is, I believe, the most 
talented young man I ever knew. He offers me full part- 
nership — even half he makes from the prosecutorship, 
which amount would be about $200.00 a year. The lat- 
ter, of course, I would not accept. But it seems to me I 
would rather go South or farther West. There are many 
inquiries made here concerning you by the ladies and 
others. Kate sends her regards and well wishes. I have 
broken all ties asunder in this quarter. I only call about 
once in two weeks. She asks me many questions about 
staying away so long, etc., and doubtless thinks strange of 
my course. I received a letter a few days ago from old 
Ray, who says things are flourishing in old Jefferson. Of 



JOHN TEMPLETON McCARTY 129 

course, you l\ave heard of the triumph of the Deltas at 
Washington College. So far our expectations are more 
than realized. Merit is sometimes rewarded. I think I 
shall visit old Jefferson next year, or rather this college 
year. I still have a student's heart and some of a stu- 
dent's ways. Write me a long letter eo instanti. Tell 
me all the news. Old Dan Jones sends his compliments. 
I received the School Master among the Hoosicrs, for 
which you have my thanks. I feared I should see it no 
more forever. I have been attending court part of this 
week at Connersville, and was at a ball at Cambridge 
College. The good people get a hard yarn on me occa- 
sionally, but they affect me not. 

God bless you. Thy friend, 

John T. McCarty. 

James Elliott. 

Write soon. Write, write. 

Brookville, Ind., Jan. 28, 1849. 
Brother James — Your last and welcome epistle 
came to hand last week, and afforded me the extreme 
pleasure which your communications are ever wont to 
create. I judge from the tenor of your letter that you 
are in fine spirits and comfortably situated. I believe you 
have never told me how you were now spending your 
time. Please inform me in your next. I suppose you had 
great times during "holidays." Here all was dull and 
quiet. No parties, no balls, no nothing. I spent both 
Christmas and New Year's in my studious office. I am 
just in the receipt of a letter from Brother Fletcher, who 
relates the adventures of his vacation (which are rich), 
informs me of the dismissal of some Jefferson B-legs, and 
of the death of H. Clay Leeamon. "Surely in life we 
are in the midst of death." He was a very healthy young 
man. I fear many of us will be cut down by the "King 
of Terror," by the dread pestilence, the cholera that is now 
in our country and has already consigned to their tombs 
many of our citizens. I regret its advent into this coun- 
try. Since my last letter to you many changes and won- 



130 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

ders have occurred to your humble servant. Oh, James, 
could I only see you and tell you some of my delicious 
adventures and excursions. I also have been a close and 
diligent student in the meantime, and on to-morrow night 
a week will be an "Attorney and Counselor at Law." 
Ye gods, what an honor! Perhaps I am first of my class 
to be admitted. But I have just thought of something 
rich, which I believe happened since I wrote to you last. 
One Saturday evening I attended a temperance meeting 
at the court house, where addresses were delivered by 
Messrs. Watson and Sullenberger. After the speeches, to 
my surprise and utter astonishment, Geo. Holland and 
John T. McCarty were chosen to deliver addresses two 
weeks from that night, which we did before a very large 
congregation. My speech was over an hour in length and 
the finest effort of my life. The reason I was surprised 
at their choosing me was simply because I was not a mem- 
ber of any temperance order. I have been often earnestly 
solicited by many to join the "Sons," and this I would do 
if they had a decent division here, but it is composed of 
Langurs, Troglodytes and Assignates. 

Dan D. Jones was married some eight weeks ago to a 
lady in Harrison, and has not been in Brookville since 
he was married. He even did not invite me (or any 
Brookvillians) to his wedding. I have got gloriously out 
of all my love affairs ; have been in several since you were 
here. You say the gold fever is raging in your section of 
country. So it is, I fear, all over the North. I received 
a letter not long since from Brother Edmiston, who gave 
me a pressing invitation to join a select company in Col- 
umbus, Ohio. I wrote him immediately that I would not 
go, that I thought I would not fancy an adventure, 
but time elapsed, every report was encouraging, and on 
last Monday, strange as it may seem, I determined to go 
and seek my fortune in California. I intend raising a 
small company, to be united with a few more whom John 
Ryman (a lawyer whom you will recall) of Lawrence- 
burgh will raise. Ryman and myself have entered into an 



-^^^^^^ fty^sz*.-^..^. 



1 <^ /: y^^ ^^//i,r 











>2^ 



" '~ ^ /v. - , ^=^^'^ 



Facsimile Letter of McCarty to Elliott Twenty Days 
after the founding 



JOHN TEMPLETON McCARTY 131 

agreement that if we can not make money digging gold 
we will go to practicing law as soon as they organize, 
which will be in a few months. Ryman intends to apply 
to Taylor to be appointed District Judge of California. 
If he succeeds I may get some appointment, if I am desir- 
ous and can not make a fortune in gold digging. We will 
leave here in March and go through by land. We intend 
to join some large company in going from Independence, 
Missouri, through the entire route, so there will be no 
danger of Indians. What say you, James, to go along? 
Glorious adventure, perhaps make fortune in a short time ; 
cost about $300.00; about $150.00 to take us there, but 
we must have some after we get there. I shall take from 
$500.00 to $1,000.00. Write immediately. 

Success to you in all your undertakings. Thy brother, 

John T. McCarty. 

James Elliott. 

Write eo ins tan ti. 

What were the Deltas about when they let that d — d 
Arnold beat James Logan ? It seems to me, had we been 
there, it would have been otherwise. John T. 

Saint Joseph, Missouri, April 19, 1849. 
Friend James — Some weeks since I have been a vic- 
tim of the gold fever, a disease which has been contagious 
— a dreadful malady, and which is reported by many as 
fatal. I immediately began to raise a company in old 
Brookville, and in the short space of two weeks suc- 
ceeded, and was elected captain. I then applied for license 
to plead law, and passed a creditable examination, not 
missing a single question. Then went to Cincinnati, spent 
one week, spent $50.00, had a glorious time, all kinds of 
amusement, returned, commenced taking leave of Brook- 
ville, and such times! oh! heavens, I will never relate un- 
less we meet again. The time of our departure drew 
nigh, tears began to flow, and everywhere might be seen 
long and sad faces. The Franklin Co. Bible Society asked 
permission to present us each a copy of the Holy Scrip- 



132 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

turcs. We consented. On the day set for our departure 
we convened at the court house to receive the gifts. The 
house was crowded and windows filled, and still not near 
all in the house. The scene was opened with prayer by 
the Rev. Mr. Potter, and then the Rev. Mr. Fernell pre- 
sented us each a Bible and made quite a speech with pre- 
sentation. When he resumed his seat I, by request of the 
company, responded with all pathos and feeling in my 
power. It was the greatest effort of my life, and when I 
took my seat I can safely say that there were lOO women 
and men in tears. I never saw half so many tears shed on 
any occasion. We bid old friends adieu and proceeded to 
the canal, accompanied by hundreds. No boats had come, 
and none came till twelve o'clock at night. The Bible 
Association was at two p. m. The evening was spent in 
the most dramatic and romantic manner, with scenes of 
tragic and pathetic mingling together. While Luna was 
wending her wanton pathway through the expansive 
realms of space, and her silver rays darting through the 
clouds, there might have been seen those whose hearts 
were knit together, palpitating in unison, with fond em- 
brace, mingling sigh and sigh. And trickling tear com- 
mingled with its fellow tear flow in unison down the 
ruddy cheeks and drop to moisten the hallowed ground on 
which they stood. The boat to bear us from our friends 
and home has arrived, the signal for departure is given — 
with friends dear, friends who took the parting hard, and 
bid the heartfelt farewell. The boat is on her wending 
way. The parting scenes over, the distant heavens gather 
black with clouds, and on her surface is seen to play the 
zigzag lightning, while earth reverberated with the thun- 
der of the gathering storm. Contrasted with this was 
grouped together on the deck of the boat the votaries of 
Bacchus paying tribute to their favorite god, while the 
rain poured down on their consecrated heads. Many 
went to Cincinnati with us. You know some of the 
Brookville California Company beside myself, to wit: 
Henry Berry, senior editor of the Fr. Democrat, Moses 



JOHN TEMPLETON McCARTY 133 

A. Berry, Levi Woods, John Concord, John Kimble. I 
am looking for Brother Edmiston of Washington College, 
or who graduated at this place, every day to join us, and 
then accompany us to the land of Ophir, of gold and un- 
told wealth. There are now about three thousand ren- 
dezvoused at this place, anxiously awaiting for grass so 
that we can start across the plains. I left home on the 
14th of March. We remained in Cincinnati five days; 
had a pleasant trip to St. Louis, then remained four days, 
procuring our provisions and other necessary equipments, 
and then started up the Mississippi, and soon found our- 
selves plowing the waves of the great Missouri. We 
passed some sublime and beautiful scenery, which I have 
not time to describe. I am keeping a journal, have some 
40 or 50 pages already written. The town of St. Joseph 
has about two thousand inhabitants, and has only been 
laid out 5 years; is surrounded by a most splendid coun- 
try, and is now fourth best town in the state of Missouri, 
and in a few years will be second to none, save St. Louis. 
I saw Bill Boker in the latter place. He looks very nat- 
ural, and told me he was going to California. I intend to 
try digging gold for one year or more, then if I like the 
country I intend to settle in San Francisco — a place 
destined to be one of the greatest cities of the American 
continent. Come to San Francisco and settle. I have one 
request to make of you, as one of my old and tried friends, 
which is to write me frequently during the coming sum- 
mer direct to San Francisco. I will reach California 
about September next. I shall write as often as within 
my power. Thy friend, John T. McCarty. 

James Elliott. 

Write, write. Pergel 



CHAPTER III 

SAMUEL BEATTY WILSON 

A GENEALOGY of our first president is given in 
a biography published in 1888 in the History of 
Beaver County, Pennsylvania: 

Samuel Beatty Wilson in his ancestry unites the blood 
of the sturdy Scotch race and that of the Knickerbockers. 
In the early part of the i8th Century, his great-grand- 
father, Samuel Wilson, who was of Scotch descent, mar- 
ried Mary Van Wier, a Hollander by birth. They 
owned and occupied a farm on Marsh Creek, near Gettys- 
burg, Penn, They had two sons, Samuel and Marma- 
duke, the latter of whom married Susan Beatty in the 
year 1744. He remained on the homestead until the 
death of his parents, who were buried in the cemetery at 
Gettysburg. He then removed to Westmoreland County. 
One of his sons, Patrick, who was born in York (now 
Adams) County in 1772, went to Mercer (now Law- 
rence) County in 1801, and engaged for a time in mer- 
cantile pursuits. In 1804 he married Rebecca, one of the 
eight daughters of William Morehead, and in 181 1 he 
purchased and removed to a farm (still in the possession 
of his descendants) about six miles north of New Castle, 
Penn., where he continued to reside until the time of his 
death in 1866. On this farm his son Samuel Beatty Wil- 
son was born, February 20, 1824. 

From his only living sister, Mrs. Sarah Harper, of 
Frankfort, Kentucky, I learned that ''as a boy he was of 
quiet, reticent, studious disposition, and as a young 
man his physique, always slender, seemed to indicate 
physical delicacy; yet he was unusually hearty, healthy, 

[134] 




Samuel Beatty Wilson 

From a steel engraving published in History of Beaver 

County, Pennsylvania, in 1888 



SAMUEL BEATTY WILSON 135 

and robust until quite late in life. He had great love 
for his mother and seemed fully to appreciate her spe- 
cial efforts to secure for him the education and advance- 
ment in life he was ambitious to attain. She was very 
fond of flowers, and he cherished and cared for those 
that were her favorites as long as he lived." 

The common schools of his native county and a 
neighboring academy were the scene of his boyhood 
schooling. In those days there were few facilities for 
higher education in the country districts of Western 
Pennsylvania, and Wilson's preparation for college was 
accordingly made without the aid of a teacher. By 
close application and persistent study he mastered by 
the time he reached early manhood the usual require- 
ments for college entrance and became a member of the 
famous class of '48 at Jefferson. 

During his college course he was noted for his quick 
grasp of difficult subjects, for his keen wit, and for his 
brilliant intellectual attainments, ranking among the 
highest in both class room and literary society. The 
subject of his commencement oration was "The Immor- 
tality of Man." 

He bore, both in college and later, the reputation of 
a master of sarcasm. Dr. Goodwillie writes: 

The best mind of all the founders was that of Sam B. 
Wilson, but hard study was too much for his frail con- 
stitution ; his voice was feeble, but he was a thorough mas- 
ter of the English language. I have not forgotten his 
bold and withering attacks in the Franklin Literary Soci- 
ety on the enemies of our order, not often, but most ef- 
fective, and enforcing silence on their part for months to 
come. His sarcasm was as hot as fire, and no one cared to 
be in its way. He was tall, light complexion, stooped, 
and gave evidence of weakness in his figure. As I look 



136 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

back to his college life he is to me the making of the ideal 
lawyer. M. S. Quay, my classmate, was tricky and 
shrewd, but no match for S. B. Wilson in debate, who 
was always clear and convincing. He was my friend, 
poor fellow, and I have always lamented the great waste 
of precious material there was in his early death. 

Dr. David Hall, Jefferson '50, remembered one con- 
test in which Wilson was opposed to a dashing young 
fellow who made a very showy, superficial speech. In 
reply Wilson quoted Horace: Parturiunt mantes, 
nascetur ridiculus mus. 

It was Wilson, the classical scholar, who gave Phi 
Gamma Delta her trinity of principles, and who wrote 
the Constitution of the fraternity whose lode-star was to 
be the highest niche in the temple of fame. His active 
interest in the welfare of the society outlasted his under- 
graduate years. He was present at the meeting of No- 
vember 3, 1849. His name appears as chairman of a 
Committee on Revision of Constitution at the General 
Convention, held at the Burnett House, Cincinnati, 
April 16, 17, 1862. The minutes of Old Jefferson 
chapter show that on February 25, 1862, it was moved 
and seconded that Brother S. B. Wilson be requested to 
address the chapter at the next commencement. The 
sequel of this motion was the delivery of that "brief 
history of the founders of the fraternity" which is 
quoted in full in Chapter One, Part Two, of this 
volume. 

After graduation he held the position of principal in 
the Darlington, Pennsylvania, Academy for a year dur- 
ing which he showed marked ability as an instructor. 
However, his mind was set on the study of law. While 
a student at Canonsburg, he heard Jeremiah S. Black, 




1848 



SAMUEL BEATTY WILSON 137 

then President Judge of the i6th Judicial District of 
Pennsylvania, eight years afterward Attorney General 
in President Buchanan's cabinet, and later Secretary of 
State, deliver a brilliant lecture which so impressed him 
that he, with Cyrus L. Pershing, Jefferson '48, conclud- 
ed to pursue his law studies after graduation in the office 
of this able lawyer. Accordingly in 1849 he went to 
Somerset and enrolled as a student with Judge Black, in 
whom he found a warm friend and counselor and a 
stimulating master. 

In November, 1850, Wilson was admitted to the bar, 
and located at Beaver, Pennsylvania, where he lived in 
the practice of his profession during his entire subse- 
quent career. On April 12, 1854, he married Miss 
Elizabeth Robinson, daughter of George Robinson, 
a young lady of unusual culture and refinement, and 
one who was not only competent to take charge of 
his home but able to assist him in his professional duties. 
Four children were born of this marriage: Sarah, 
Anna, Mary, and George, who was for many years an 
honored and respected member of the Beaver bar. 

On May 7, 1908, I visited Beaver, and found the old 
law office. The plate on the door still bore the name 
of S. B. Wilson. The Wilson mansion, once the home 
of Matthew Stanley Quay, is one door east of the old 
office. I visited the Wilson library and found there 
a most splendid collection of literature, perhaps the best 
private library in Beaver County. Among these books 
were many of the text books used in Jefferson College. 
For the fraternity archives I was given a volume, 
Demosthenis Orationes, Tomus II, on the title-page 
of which is the signature of S. B. Wilson. 

Beaver Lodge of St. James, No. 547, Free and Ac- 



138 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

cepted Masons, Beaver, Pennsylvania, was founded by 
Samuel B. Wilson in 1869, and he was the first Wor- 
shipful Master of the lodge. He held that honored 
position from 1869 to 1874; and again in the years 1876 
and 1877. He was very active in the lodge, up to the 
time of his death. The cabinet pictures of the nine 
founders of the lodge — his own in the center — are 
grouped together and framed in a handsome walnut 
and gilt frame, and hung in the center of one of the side 
walls of the lodge. Samuel B. Wilson advanced the 
money, $1,500 in all approximately, to the lodge for its 
furnishings and equipment at its founding. 

In politics, Wilson was a Jeffersonian Democrat and 
unswerving in his loyalty to his party. Living in a 
county in which his party was largely in the minority, 
he was never elected to any office, nor would he ever 
permit his name to be used as a candidate for any office. 
More than once, Matthew Stanley Quay, his next-door 
neighbor and friend, who was always in the thickest of 
the fray in state and national contests, suggested his 
entrance into the political arena, but he persistently re- 
fused to have his name mentioned in connection with 
any office either elective or by appointment. In main- 
taining his convictions he contended always for what he 
thought was right, and no opponent, however able, 
failed to recognize his power when debating with him 
on public questions. In his own town and county 
many of his warmest personal friends did not indorse 
his political views, but they gave him their confidence 
and friendship, for they found in him a spirit of fairness 
and honor which they respected and admired. 

Many a boy he helped to an honorable calling. He 
once fancied a young Irish lad from the country in 




HoiNiE OF Samuel Beatty Wilsox 



SAMUEL BEATTY WILSON 139 

Lawrence County, who came under his observation. 
The boy's father was a track walker for the railroad 
nearby, and the boy was absolutely without education. 
But Sam B. saw that he had the making of a man in 
him, and he took him into his office as a law student, 
teaching him all the fundamentals and Latin itself in 
preparation for the law. He did it because he believed 
that the boy would persevere and succeed. That boy 
was John J. Wickham, who afterwards became a judge 
of the Superior Court of Pennsylvania, serving on that 
bench from its creation in 1895 ^^^^ ^^^ untimely death 
in office in 1898. 

Wilson was always called "The Preceptor" by E. B. 
Daugherty, himself for many years one of the leading 
members of the Beaver bar. Among his other students 
who took a leading place in the practice of their pro- 
fession were Frank Wilson, John M. Buchanan, and 
A. P. Marshall. The recent president judge of the 
Thirty-sixth Judicial District of Pennsylvania, Richard 
S. Holt, is another student who distinguished himself 
both as a lawyer and jurist. Before being elected to 
that position, Judge Holt, in partnership with Mr. Wil- 
son's son George, occupied the office of the former pre- 
ceptor and used his well-stocked library; the firm suc- 
ceeded largely to his business. 

So successful was Mr. Wilson in training students for 
the bar that after his death, when the question of plac- 
ing an inscription upon his beautiful monument in the 
Beaver cemetery was considered, the following appro- 
priate words were selected : Advocatus prudens et juris 
doctus praeceptor. 

A half century ago it was the practice for a student 
to "read" law in a lawyer's office. Then the state uni- 



I40 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

versities had not been established, and the law school 
was unknown. Then Blackstone was the leading text- 
book in the lawyer's ojflice. There were fewer books, 
and not so many details to be mastered, and the student 
devoted his time mainly to fundamental principles and 
to precedents which had been established. 

In addition to being a student of the law during his 
entire career, he was also a student in other departments 
of literature. He was especially fond of the classics. 
His Greek and Latin text-books held a conspicuous 
place in his library, and he was constantly looking up 
passages in the writings of some Greek or Latin author. 
To him the Greek Testament was an inspiration. He 
loved to compare the English translation with the orig- 
inal, and often remarked upon the beauty of the thought 
in the original. 

He recognized the influences and obligations of the 
Christian life and held that the truest faith was that 
which culminated in a life of service, with every duty 
faithfully performed and with integrity and honesty 
forming the basis of both creed and character. 

Although he was a deacon in the Presbyterian 
church, his close friends were gathered from all de- 
nominations. The Methodist minister of Beaver, 
Rabbi Maker of the Jewish synagogue in Pittsburgh, 
and one of the Fathers in the Catholic church were fre- 
quent visitors at his home. These friendships were 
priceless to him. 

While not outwardly demonstrative he loved the 
beauties of nature, a fine bit of poetry, a speech well 
delivered, a picture well-painted ; especially did he love 
the music and sentiment of his own home. A good illus- 
tration of his love for the artistic was shown in the erec- 




Law Office of Samuel Beatty Wilsox, 1850 



SAMUEL BEATTY WILSON 141 

tion of the beautiful and costly monument to the mem- 
ory of Lewis Taylor which stands in the Beaver cem- 
etery nearly adjoining his own, Lewis Taylor had been 
an old-time friend, a successful lawyer and a man of 
wealth. In the adjustment of his estate it was provided 
that a monument should be erected to his memory to 
cost ten thousand dollars. The selection and erection of 
this monument were left entirely in the hands of S. B. 
Wilson. Plans and specifications were discussed, fig- 
ures and inscriptions were studied with a carefulness 
hardly expected of a busy lawyer. The result of his 
labors was the erection of a splendid memorial on one 
side of which is inscribed: Quis jure peritior, and on 
the other: Doctrina sed vim promovet insitam rectique 
cuitus pectora roborant. 

Sam B.'s sense of humor should be mentioned. His 
oldest brother, William, was very bright, but had little 
education. He moved to California, and late in life 
became absorbed in religion and politics. His letters 
to Sam B. contained nothing else. Finally he remon- 
strated, and wrote his brother, saying, "William, I 
graduated from religion and politics long ago. Please 
write me of yourself and your family when next you 
address me." 

His son, George, once said: "Every meal was a 
grammar class with father. He enjoyed being caught 
up in a grammatical error by us boys, as much as it 
pleased him to catch us therein, and the meal always 
ended in a laugh or some subtler humor." 

His power of concentration was great. When the 
open door of his office gave too much draught, he 
would rise and close it without ceasing his train of 
thought, and apparently not knowing what he was 



142 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

doing. Many other things he did likewise, without 
seemingly being interrupted from his duty. 

For forty years Wilson was actively engaged in the 
practice of his profession, of which he was a master. 
Throughout his entire career he practiced law that 
justice might be done, rather than that his side might 
win. His case was presented in concise expressive 
language, at times with keen sarcasm. His words came 
freely as from a reservoir well stored with facts and 
law, and his opponent was always sure of a fair and 
open controversy. 

His honesty and integrity were never questioned. 
During his long practice he was engaged in most of the 
important cases which were tried in his own county, 
and he also took a leading part in many important cases 
in adjoining counties. In some of these cases feeling 
ran high, much wealth was at stake, and legal blows 
came fast and hard, but, strong intellectually, he was 
always found fighting at his post, and he was always 
loyal to the cause which he espoused. He seldom 
relied upon the inspiration of the moment for meeting 
unexpected difficulties, but so far as possible these diffi- 
culties were anticipated. 

He hated sham of every kind; he loved the truth; 
he neglected no trust; he betrayed no confidence. In 
the treatment of the weak and distressed he was as 
gentle and sympathetic as a woman; in his denunciation 
of wrong and oppression words never failed him. At 
such times gentleness and strength seemed to be inti- 
mately blended in his nature. 

He talked in a quiet way. His voice was seldom 
loud or oppressive, but always clear and convincing. 
When roused in a marked degree, he never ranted, but 



SAMUEL BEATTY WILSON 143 

he had a gift of oratory in a high degree. He could 
speak so thrillingly that in important cases people 
would flock to the court house to hear him. Two of his 
daughters, Anna and Mary, inherited his oratorical 
gifts, and have often thrilled their audiences in recita- 
tions and plays and in reading papers on various public 
and private occasions. 

Judge Andrew A. Adams, Washington and Jeffer- 
son '84, furnishes us with a pen picture of Wilson in his 
fifties: 

From 1 88 1 to 1884 I was a student at Washington and 
Jefferson College and spent a number of my short vaca- 
tions at the home of my grandfather in the beautiful 
borough of Beaver, which was also the home of S. B. 
Wilson. As a member of Alpha Chapter, I was anxious 
to meet and know this founder, and this was not difficult 
as the Wilson family and my own were old residents of 
the town and close friends. I do not know what honor- 
ary titles and distinctions Samuel B. Wilson possessed, but 
whatever they were, his friends and fellow citizens made 
no use of them, for he was universally known as "Sam B." 
He was distinctly the great man of Beaver county, not 
even excepting M. S. Quay, who was just then coming to 
occupy a large place in the public eye. Wilson was a 
Democrat, and the politics of a Pennsylvania Democrat 
was then, as now, an absolute specific against the germ of 
public office holding. And yet he was generally recogniz- 
ed as being a man of such high character, commanding per- 
sonality and profound learning in the law, that the highest 
honor his commonwealth might have conferred upon him 
would have been worn as a garment made to measure. 

It was my privilege as a boy to have a number of visits 
with him in the privacy of his law office. The first visit 
was attended with some fear and trembling, which was 
not easily dispelled, for Wilson was not an approachable 
man, as the term is generally understood. He was tall, 
angular, slightly lame and slightly stooped. Measured by 



144 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

the ordinary and usual standards, he was not a handsome 
man, and yet after a quarter of a century, the clear, dis- 
tinct impression remains with me, that of a strong, domi- 
nating, compelling personality. 

Wilson was abundantly blessed with nose and mouth, 
and as a college student, I could easily imagine that he 
had just stepped out of the Roman Forum after an 
encounter with Cicero. The ascetic cast, however, was re- 
lieved by his eye, which combined the seemingly antago- 
nistic elements of severity and gentleness. It was a great 
eye in its potential. It could break down and utterly put 
to rout the dishonest witness on cross examination, and by 
its quizzical kindliness, could make me, a boy of eighteen 
comparatively comfortable in its presence. I distinctly 
recall that when he turned that measuring, sizing-up, 
laughing eye on me, my impression was that I was either 
taking him back to the days of his own youth, or was re- 
minding him of something funny. Possibly he was won- 
dering how I ever broke out of Indiana. 

On these visits, the fraternity was the burden of our 
talk, because it was the only thing we had in common, my 
grandfather's health being happily so good that it needed 
no discussion. He expressed the deepest interest in the 
welfare of the chapter and the fraternity in general. I 
remember on one occasion, he gave me a sum of money for 
some pressing chapter need. It was one of the cardinal 
principles of Alpha in the early eighties, that it is more 
blessed to receive than to give, a principle which I am now 
pleased to note, has been consistently preserved across the 
intervening years, in all its original purity. 

At the time I knew him, he was probably under sixty 
years of age, although he appeared older, due to ill health. 
His home was the most beautiful in a town of beautiful 
homes and from which radiated much of the social life of 
the place. He had two or three daughters and one son, 
who was about my own age and was one of my friends. 

S. B. Wilson was essentially a lawyer. He looked the 
part. He was deliberate in his movements, was low spok- 




Monument at Grave of Samuel Beatty Wilson 



SAMUEL BEATTY WILSON 145 

en; but there were times in the practice of his profession 
when he had the swiftness and the grace of the eagle. 
The records of the courts of Western Pennsylvania will 
disclose by the results in celebrated cases, the complete 
mastery of the subject in hand, the power of the logic and 
the charm of the oratory of this man, which easily put 
him in the front rank with the great lawyers and advo- 
cates of his state. 

While the Wilsons traced their genealogy to the Dutch 
in the Van Wier family, yet they were most democratic 
in their relations to their fellow men. Once during a 
trial in which Sam B. was acting as counsel, his op- 
ponent in his address to the jury referred to him as 
coming from "one of the first families of the land," 
with the intention thus to prejudice indirectly the jury- 
men against Wilson and his side of the case. 

When it came the turn of Sam B. to address the jury, 
he promptly replied that it was true that he came from 
a noted family, but there were no such things as first 
families in America. One ought to be proud of his 
ancestors, but he was in no way responsible for them, 
and in the final analysis a man was what he made him- 
self, and not what his ancestors were. 

One of his pupils, afterward Judge Wickham, paid 
him the following tribute : 

As I look back to the date of my admission to the bar, 
I see that the pathway, wherein I have walked for nearly 
a score of years, is marked by the tombstone of professional 
brethren, all of whom I well knew and some of whom I 
loved. 

Than Samuel Beatty Wilson, perhaps no man has held 
a place at the Beaver County bar who possessed in com- 
bination, in a more marked degree, classical culture, legal 
learning, keen intellectual discernment, strong individuali- 
ty and guiding common sense. 



146 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

His legal papers were remarkable for their technical 
precision and their terse and forcible composition. They 
can, as a rule, be safely adopted as models by our young 
practitioners. He knew how to use the right word in 
the right place, to clearly and fully express his meaning 
and to avoid saying more. His arguments before courts 
and juries were eloquent, persuasive and often character- 
ized by wit and happy methods of illustration. 

For at least a year before Mr. Wilson's death it was 
apparent to us that, although his mind retained its old 
time vigor, his physical powers were surely and steadily 
failing. Patiently and heroically he fought against the 
inevitable. But the time came when the wasted and deli- 
cate frame could no longer endure the conflict, when the 
vital forces gently surrendered and "the wheels of a 
weary life at last stood still." 

We shall look and see no more the once familiar face, 
now hidden beneath the mold. We shall listen in vain 
for the well remembered voice that death has forever 
silenced. 

Teacher, friend and brother, ave atque vale! 

Samuel B. Wilson died January 17, 1889, creating a 
"void in this community, and throughout the county, 
not easily, if ever filled." 

The following excerpts are taken from the addresses 
given at a meeting of the Beaver Bar Association on 
Monday, February 4, 1889: 

A. P. Marshall: He whose death we meet to 
commemorate, and whose removal from us we regret and 
deplore, was, to many of us, much more than an associate 
and friend. To many of the members of this bar he was 
the father of their legal childhood, and the guide to their 
youthful feet in the paths of legendary lore. 

In him was a fountain of legal principles and maxims at 
which no student might not drink deep draughts if he 
would but put the cup to his lips. 

In the trial of causes, free from chicanery, he stood 
without a peer at the bar ; cool, calculating and deliberate 



SAMUEL BEATTY WILSON 147 

he tore the mask of perfidy with a ruthless hand, but 
touched with tenderness the garb of the truthful witness. 

No man knew better how to be clear, or how to be ob- 
scure. When he desired to be understood he made his 
meaning plain. When he did not wish to be explicit, he, 
like Pitt, had the power of saying nothing in language and 
style, which left the impression he had said a great deal. 

He suffered defeat with the equanimity of a martyr, 
and concealed any gratification he may have had at the 
downfall of his enemy. 

He did not seek friendship, but when it was acquired it 
remained lasting and firm. He was never known to dis- 
card a friend for the sake of policy, nor flatter an enemy 
for the purpose of revenge nor was his friendship ever 
employed for private ends to himself, but always to ad- 
vance the interest he sought to benefit. Mr. Wilson's 
friendship was not of that facile, ever-changing mould, 
adapting itself to any and every individual, conquering 
them by addressing their vanity. Friendship to him was 
an affection founded upon an acquaintance which ripened 
into confidence. 

"True friendship is everlasting.'' 

Atque vita mortuorum in memoria vivorum est posita. 

J. H. Harrah : Mr. Wilson was known in the pro- 
fession here as "the preceptor'' and "the father of the 
bar." 

He always manifested a high regard and deep interest 
in the success and welfare of his students, who comprise, 
perhaps, the majority of the present practicing members of 
the bar, including our esteemed President Judge; he was 
always ready to counsel and aid them in the difficulties 
and discouragements encountered by them in their chosen 
profession, and in his sore bereavement, when his beloved 
daughter died, crushed with sorrow and overwhelmed 
with grief, he directed that his students should bear all 
that was earthly of his child to her last resting place. 

Early in his professional career, Mr. Wilson was ten- 
dered an honorable and remunerative public position. Al- 



148 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

though in the line of his profession, he declined it, prefer- 
ing as a private citizen to either succeed or fail by his own 
personal effort in his chosen profession, the dignity of 
which, with clean hands and spotless professional integrity, 
he ever afterwards scrupulously maintained. 

It was the privilege of the speaker later in the life of 
Mr. Wilson, to receive a telegraphic dispatch of the fol- 
lowing import: 

"Will Mr. Wilson accept the appointment of the Presi- 
dent Judgeship of Beaver county, if tendered? See him. 
Answer." 

I found him in his office and handed him the dispatch; 
he read it, meditated a moment and returned it to me with 
direction to answer it in the negative, and that matter was 
never adverted to afterwards by either of us. 

His death was seemingly premature. In the prime of 
his intellectual greatness, in the midst of his usefulness, in 
the zenith of his professional fame, he was stricken down 
as one out of due season. 

D. S. Naugle : He was not satisfied with that super- 
ficial knowledge of his profession which characterizes so 
many practitioners, but endeavored to acquire, and did ac- 
quire, that enlarged and extensive and thorough know- 
ledge thereof which is necessary to the great lawyer. 

Above all, then, he possessed another quality equally 
necessary to success, that of honor; S. B. Wilson was a 
man of honor; he never used his profession to betray jus- 
tice. He never sacrificed his manhood for personal gain. 
This can truly be said of him, and the best evidence of the 
truth thereof is the respect in which he was held by the 
citizens of his county and the members of the bar. 

Resolutions adopted by the Grand Chapter on the 
decease of Wilson were engraved on four sheets of vel- 
lum and sent to the family and to the various chapters 
of Phi Gamma Delta: 




Side View Shovvixg Added Ixscription, "One of the 

fol'xders axd the first president of 

Phi Gamma Delta" 



SAMUEL BEATTY WILSON 149 

IN MEMORIAM 
SAMUEL BEATTY WILSON 
ALPHA CHAPTER 
PHI GAMMA DELTA 

Init. May ist, 1848 
Obit. January 17th, 1889 

THE GRAND CHAPTER 

having learned with great sorrow of the 

DEATH 

of 

ONE OF THE FOUNDERS 

of the 

FRATERNITY 

and of 

ALPHA CHAPTER 

SAMUEL BEATTY WILSON 

Resolved: That we recognize in the decease of the au- 
thor of our first constitution, the first presiding officer of 
the fraternity, and of the Grand Chapter, a signal loss to 
the Brotherhood, to the Grand Chapter, and to his chap- 
ter. 

Full of years, and full of earthly honours as he was, 
with the love, respect and esteem of all, we yet feel that 
no loss is greater than ours to whom he has given so much 
and on whose lives his thoughts and character have so 
deeply impressed themselves. 

Further Resolved: That all badges and insignia of 
the fraternity be draped in mourning for the period of 
sixty days, and that these resolutions be properly engrossed 
and copies forwarded to each of the chapters and to the 
family of our deceased brother. 

PuRDY Van Vliet 

Frank Keck 

E. B. Heckel, 

Committee of the 
Grand Chapter. 



I50 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

On the back of the last page there is an emblematic 
design of a white star surrounded by five other stars. 
In the middle of the large star is a crown. Above this 
crown is the Greek letter Delta. Underneath the de- 
sign is the inscription, Nunc Ad Astra. 

On my first visit to Beaver, May 7, 1908, I found on 
the grave of our founder a laurel wreath tied with a 
purple ribbon which had been placed there on ^'Found- 
ers' Day" by Karl Overholt, Wooster '97, of the Pitts- 
burgh Graduate Chapter. 

Samuel B. Wilson is buried in Beaver cemetery, 
which he himself was instrumental in establishing. The 
family lot, 18 feet by 25 feet, is near the center of the 
cemetery. At the head of the grave stands a handsome 
monument consisting of a base of two steps, upon which 
is a pedestal, tapering slightly to an ornamental top 
which in turn supports a cap, surmounted by a beauti- 
fully chiselled statue representing Justice in flowing 
robes, with pen in her right hand and manuscript in her 
left hand. 

The inscriptions on this monument are most simple, 
all in keeping with the life of him to whose memory it is 
erected. On the second step of the base the name S. B. 
Wilson is sculptured in raised and polished Roman 
letters. Above on the front face of the pedestal the 
fitting words, Advocatus Prudens et Juris Doctus Prae- 
ceptor, are inscribed in smaller raised Roman letters. 

On the right face of the pedestal are cut in the un- 
polished granite the following: 

SAMUEL BEATTY WILSON 
Born February 20, 1824 
Died January 17, 1889 



SAMUEL BEATTY WILSON 151 

To which we obtained permission to add : 
One of the Founders and 
The First President 

of 
Phi Gamma Delta 

At the foot of the grave is an unpolished red granite 
marker, two feet long, one foot wide and ten inches 
high above ground, on the top of which is this inscrip- 
tion: 

S. BEATTY WILSON 

Born February 20, 1824 
Died January 17, 1889 

Having had a foretaste of Wilson's literary style in 
the address upon the founders published in Chapter I 
of the second part of this volume, we cannot but be dis- 
appointed at the scant heritage of letters which time 
has spared to us. 

LETTERS OF SAMUEL BEATTY WILSON 

New Castle, 8th July, '48 
James Elliott, Esq., 

Mount Pleasant, Ohio 

Brother oe the Mystic Tie: Your kind letter of 
the 27th of June did not reach this place until the 3d inst., 
at which time I was just leaving town, and did not return 
until today. At the earliest possible moment, therefore, 
I hasten to reply. But what think you was the object of 
the expedition in which I have spent the week? Oh, you 
could not guess. Let your imagination, fertile as I know 
it is, roam o'er "all creation" and you can't come within 
a mile of the mark. Why, I've been attending the marriage 
of one of the senior class of '48, and "nothing shorter." 

And who think you of all the 54 is so d d a fool as to 

slip his head into the noose thus early? Don't you give 
it up? Then I must inform you that it was W. Y. 



152 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

Brown — "nobody else !" That he should invite me to 
his wedding was passing strange, but that he should as- 
sign me the place of grooms-man was strange beyond com- 
prehension! Yet so it was. I had the honor (? ?) of 
standing up with him during the ceremony, and the pleas- 
ure of kissing the bride after it was over. May the 

Lord forgive the man who is such a d d ass as to get 

married before he has studied his profession. Don't you 
say Amen ? But of this enough. 

After all, Elliott, it is impossible to leave old JefiFerson 
without feelings of regret. And above all the thought 
that one is never to return gives rise to emotions of un- 
aflfected sorrow. I know not how it is with others, but 
as for myself I must admit that feelings of sadness came 
over me which it was impossible to express. It is true 
that this saddening remembrance of "joys that are past" is 
connected chiefly with our peerless association and its 
much loved members. Apart from it and them, this 
painful separation would be robbed of many a pang. But 
they are ever present — the happy meeting, the joyous 
smile of welcome, the warm grasp of the hand, the free 
and unrestrained intercourse of kindred souls, around all 
of these are clustered a thousand tender associations, a 
thousand fond but now melancholy recollections, for they 
are gone forever! But let us "look not mournfully into 
the past; for it comes not back again.'' 

At the house of my childhood too, I found but little to 
change the current of these sad thoughts. Nearly every 
one of my old favorites at school has made his pillow 
in the dust, one of them, a generous hearted girl, once the 
most joyous laughing creature that ever the sun shone 
upon, was just dying when I returned. No wonder then 
that my old haunts seemed lonely and deserted. Scenes 
which men once loved with all the intensity of the heart's 
first passion — spots which in the sunny hours of childhood 
seemed all joyous, bright and beautiful, appeared now to 
whisper mournfully "thou art alone !" At such moments, 
oh ! how painfully, how impressively do we feel that all is 



/^ » Xi^S^.-€:5!r-- 










C»-^ •Z^J-'^^ /-<-il_^^^Cj^ 






Facsimile of Wilsox's Haxdwritixg 
Letter to James Elliott, June 28, 1852 



SAMUEL BEATTY WILSON 153 

changed, whilst our own hearts tell us that we are the 
same. But 

Gaudeamus igitur juvenes dum sumus 
Post jucundam juventutem. 
Post molestam senectutem, 
Nos habebit humus. 

Besides yourself, I have not heard from any of our 
fraternity — God bless it ! — except Fletcher and Pen- 
ington. As heretofore, the success of Deltaism and of 
Deltas is still nearest their hearts. Penington, like you, 
has resolved to go South. That was my determination 
also, but I have now almost abandoned the idea. I have 
the offer of an academy in this state at a salary of $400 
per year. This is not very high wages it is true, but I 
have a very good chance of studying law. With regard 
to the pupils it is just the kind of thing that I want to 
teach, for I will have to review the whole of my college 
course particularly in the languages. The building too is 
much better than academy buildings usually are. They 
formerly gave a much higher salary than they do at pres- 
ent, but the state appropriation has been discontinued to 
it and all similar institutions in Pennsylvania. I might go 
on to study a profession without teaching, but I am resolv- 
ed to make myself a scholar — I mean in the classics and 
that can only be done by teaching. 

I hope you will succeed well in the South. Indeed I 
have not the slightest fear but what you will wherever 
you may go. For the sake of our sworn brotherhood do 
not fail to let me hear from you soon. Remember to give 
my love to all Deltas with whom you may have inter- 
course. Perge ! 

Yours as ever 

Sam. B. Wilson. 

Somerset^ Pa., November 18, 1849 
James Elliott, Esq., 

Charles County, Pomonkey, Md. 

Brother of the Mystic Tie : On taking up my pen 



154 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

to renew our correspondence, the first idea that presents 
itself is this — Why is it that so long a time has been per- 
mitted to elapse before answering your heart-stirring 
letter of April last ? Is it because I wished to take up the 
sword of vengeance against you for your long silence dur- 
ing the last winter? No! If any feelings of unkindness 
even had existed, they would have been entirely dissipated 
on the perusal of your letter. Is it because the ties which 
bound me to you in the days when we "took sweet counsel 
together" are less strong than they were then ? No ! No I 
The fire which was then kindled upon the heart's altar is 
still burning with undiminished lustre, and so it must 
continue to do — 

"T/// life's latest ray 
In the dark hour of death shall have faded away." 
Then what has occasioned this remissness in duty? The 
answer is ready: The annals of the past is the book of 
Fate — the scroll of Destiny in part unfolded — on that 
whatever "is writ, is writ," and if we would we could 
not have changed a single letter. Strange doctrine, you 
will say? Well, it is no more strange than true. 

I have been in this place about two weeks. The busi- 
ness I am engaged in is the study of law, under the direc- 
tion of Judge Black, who is the most distinguished jurist 
in this section of the state. In all probability he will be 
the next governor of the old Keystone. Cy. Pershing, our 
good brother Delta, is in the same office. We are plod- 
ding on together. Jim Logan will join us next week. 
There will be a trio of us in company — a consummation 
which, one year ago, I could scarcely have dreamed of. 

On my way here I spent a couple of days at Jefiferson 
College. Our chapter there is in as flourishing a condi- 
tion as even the founders of the Association could wish 
it to be. The contestors are all Deltas, elected too by 
sweeping majorities. The election for essayist came off 
whilst I was there. It was Delta Goodwillie against Beta 
Wilson. His Betaship got but three or four votes. 
Goodwillie's essay was a most beautiful thing. Talking 



SAMUEL BEATTY WILSON 155 

about beauty, I may as well say here that Hall's address 
on the introduction of new members into our fraternity is 
one of the prettiest pieces of composition I ever heard. 
Pershing, Hall and Goodwillie are certainly a strong team. 

During my brief stay at Canonsburg, I devoted my time 
principally to learning the history of our association, so as 
to find out if possible, precisely what it needs in order to 
perfect the system, and establish it on a basis which will 
render it permanent and enduring. It was not to be ex- 
pected, of course, that persons totally inexperienced could 
make a work of that kind perfect in so short a time as 
was allotted to us. 

I think the greatest defect consists in permitting new 
members to become Deltas in full at a single leap. There 
must be something kept back — something which will op- 
erate as a powerful motive in inducing those initiated to 
be true to their vows. And how can this be done — Why 
by establishing a degree — that is, by introducing an ar- 
ticle into the constitution debarring all members from be- 
ing confirmed — from receiving a pin, who are not true 
to the association in every respect up to the night before 
commencement. The fidelity and worthiness of each 
member can be determined by a vote of the whole chapter. 
Then let some old member be recalled on the day pre- 
ceding, each committee to deliver the pins, together with a 
charge to those who shall have been voted worthy to 
receive them. Our constitution when perfected should be 
beautifully printed. It will not do to permit it to re- 
main upon loose leaves, liable, like the response of the 
Sibyl, to be scattered by every passing breath of wind. 
There should also be another book printed containing all 
the forms to be used by the officers and agents of the asso- 
ciation under every variety of circumstances. The very 
existence of this book should be kept a secret from all but 
the officers. And in order to effect this, the 11 should be 
furnished with a box consisting of two apartments, the 
one as a receptacle for the constitution and pins, the 
other, opening by a secret spring, could be appropriated to 



156 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

this book of forms and secret instructions. These crude 
suggestions I throw out merely as a starting point for the 
discussions which I hope will immediately commence 
among the founders of the order. 

But how are these reforms to be brought about ? Why 
the plan I would suggest is this : to hold a meeting of the 
Original Six, or as many of them as can meet, at such a 
time as we may agree upon, say next spring or summer. 
And inasmuch as nothing can be done, in the way of 
printing for instance, without the aid of money, the 
chapter is about to commence the collection of funds by 
taxing the present members, and writing to the old ones 
for assistance. By the way, the grand object to which 
this fund is first to be appropriated is to be kept a pro- 
found secret from all but the founders. Hall and Crews 
alone excepted. It was with them that Gregg and I con- 
ferred in relation to these improvements, and they con- 
curred in the opinion that the matter should by no means 
be intrusted to the whole fraternity, at least for the pres- 
ent. They propose also that when a sufficient amount of 
money is collected to purchase a quantity of pins, in ac- 
cordance with the general plan, that these pins be sold 
to members at $4 or $$ apiece. In this way a fund 
will at length accumulate, which can be lent out for the 
benefit of such worthy members as are great in soul, but 
struggling in difficulty for want of means. The idea 
strikes me as being a truly great one and worthy of our 
earnest consideration. 

Now my dear Elliott, what think you of the plan pro- 
posed? Shall we not meet and place the immortality of 
our offspring upon a basis which will render it alike im- 
pregnable to the attacks of foes and false friends? Is not 
the object worthy of sacrifice? Sacrifice did I say? Can 
that be deemed a sacrifice which will bring again into 
close communion that little band of tried souls, whose 
friendship, originating in perfect sympathy of feeling, and 
confirmed by the self-imposed oath which proclaimed 
them brothers, is destined to cease only with the last pulsa- 
tions of their hearts? 



SAMUEL BEATTY WILSON 157 

I intend to write this evening to Crofts and Fletcher. 
Gregg and I consulted whilst at Canonsburg. As for 
our never-to-be-forgotten friend McCarty, I suppose he 
is beyond our reach. I hope that the views of each one 
of us will immediately be communicated to all the rest ; so 
that, as soon as possible, things may be put in a proper 
train for successful accomplishment. In this matter, you 
and I are especially interested as our Sunday labors of old 
will testify. I shall expect to hear from you vt'ithout de- 
lay. Give me a full history of yourself since you last 
wrote. Perge ! 

Yours as ever, 

S. B. Wilson. 

Somerset, Pa., January 12, 1850. 
James Elliott, Esq., 

Charles Co., Pomonkey, Md. 

Brother of the Mystic Tie: Your kind letter of 
December should have received earlier attention, but I 
have been waiting for advices from Canonsburg. I learned 
today that our successors have commenced in good earnest 
to raise the fund spoken of. A committee has likewise been 
appointed on the constitution. I believe the plan is that 
this committee is to be guided by the instructions of the 
founders. Of course, the best way of putting our sug- 
gestions into proper forms is to adhere to the original plan 
of holding a meeting. I think that this can easily be 
effected, at least as far as four of us are concerned. If 
you can ascertain precisely the time which you will start 
West, and conclude to take this route which is as cheap 
and as direct as any other, the thing can be accomplished 
at but small cost — none to you and me, and but a single 
day's ride to Gregg and Crofts. Of course you pass 
through Cumberland. Then by taking the Pittsburgh 
and Cumberland pike you can reach this place in about 
ten hours, I have been informed that the fare through 
from Cumberland to Pittsburgh is just the same as from 
Cumberland to Washington, Pa., on the National Road. 
Now Somerset is but a day's ride from Washington; so 



158 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

that Gregg and Crofts, I doubt not, can easily be pre- 
vailed on to meet you here. But whether that is effected 
or not, I want you by all means to come this way. I have 
a great many things to say to you independent of our con- 
sultation with regard to the Delta Society. Somehow or 
other I have an ardent and irrepressible desire once more 
to grasp the hand of that generous brother whose friend- 
ship always seemed to be characterized by a disinterested- 
ness above all others. 

By the way, have you yet determined upon a location? 
If you have not, I have something to say to you about that. 
You once gave me a slight hint in relation to the incidents 
of your trip to Indiana. Ever since, I have had a strong 
curiosity to know the particulars of the whole affair. In 
fact, numberless topics of conversation relative not only to 
the past, but the present and the future, present them- 
selves, to which the pen is totally inadequate. I trust and 
pray, therefore, that the fond hope I have permitted my- 
self to indulge in relation to meeting and holding sweet 
communion with you as in the days of old, may not be 
disappointed. 

I was grieved to hear that you had been doomed to 
grapple with that (to a student) the worst of all mon- 
sters in the shape of disease, the ague. Its effects in pros- 
trating his mental energies are always felt for months — 
sometimes even for years. I hope, however, that your 
contemplated change of location, when effected, will 
speedily restore you to perfect health and vigor. 

Our order seems destined to as wide an extension as we 
anticipated for it. The Jefferson chapter lately received a 
petition in due form from the University of Tennessee for 
the establishment of a chapter there. I believe the request 
has been complied with. May we not therefore hope that 
the day is not far distant when we can say in the language 
of our great master Coke, Si dignitatum spectes, est 
honoratissima; si jurisdictio num, est capacissima. True, 
we cannot say, Est vetustissima, but what matters that? 
Age of itself simply adds neither dignity nor honor. 



SAMUEL BEATTY WILSON 1 59 

Do you know anything of Penington's whereabouts? 
I beh'eve our fellows have all lost sight of him. For my 
part I have a curiosity to learn where he is and what he 
is about. And McCarty, too? It seems no one has heard 
of him since his departure from "Fort" Armstrong. I sup- 
pose, however, he is delving in some gold mine in the 
valley of the Sacramento. It is to be feared that he is so 
deeply inbued with the auri sacra fames that wealth 
will be his "lodestar" instead of the "highest niche in the 
temple of fame." It seems that the skies over the head of 
our friend Crofts are rather bright. Well, I am heartily 
glad to hear it ! At college he was unquestionably a 
wronged and injured man — injured I mean by that d — d 
partial faculty. I hope, therefore, that the day will come 
when he will stand so far above them that they can't see 
him with a telescope. I forgot to tell you in my last, that 
during the short time I spent at Canonsburg on my way 
here, I treated old Harry with silent contempt. I am 
happy to say that I would much sooner have spoken to a 
good honest dog than to him. 

But whilst I have room, let me again urge you to make 
this your route home ; and let me know immediately about 
the time at which you will probably leave Maryland. I 
will then communicate with Crofts and Gregg. 

Pershing and Logan send you their regards, and earnest- 
ly join with me in the request that you will spend a short 
time with us on your way home. Perge\ 
Yours as ever, 

Sam B. Wilson. 

P. S. — Write as soon as possible. 

Somerset, Pa., February 4, 1850. 
James Elliott, Esq., 
Pomonkey, Md. 
Brother of the Mystic Tie : Your favor of the 27th 
ultimo has just reached me. I need scarcely say that the 
prospect of meeting you ere long gives rise to feelings of 
no ordinary satisfaction. I am unable to say now whether 
Crofts and Gregg will agree to come or not ; but I presume 



i6o HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

that as far as the labor we have to do is concerned, it will 
make no material difference, as it is of that kind that must 
necessarily be done by one or two. If you can make your 
arrangements to leave Washington City on the i6th, you 
will reach this in time to have the company of Logan to 
Pittsburgh, as he is going on to the contest which takes 
place on the 26th. He will have to leave this as early as 
the 22d. This arrangement, however, would leave you 
much less time for your visit in Somerset than I would 
like. It would be well to bear in mind in making your 
calculations that the coach leaves Cumberland for this 
place on Monday, Wednesday and Friday of each week. 
I have not time to say more before the closing of the mail. 
Perge ! Yours as ever, 

Sam B. Wilson. 

Beaver, Pa., June 28, 1852. 
James Elliott, Esq., 

Attorney at Law, 
Steubenville, Ohio 

Brother of the Mystic Tie : For a long time have I 
been trying to find out your whereabouts, but never suc- 
ceeded until last week when I met with our friend Conn. 
When I was about to visit you, and would have gone to 
your place without fail, the Pittsburghers who went 
down on the boat with us, alleged that the Steubenville 
Masons were coming up to Wellsville in the evening — 
the evening of the 25th, and consequently if I went on to 
your place I would have to stay until the next evening, 
that of the 24th, too late for the procession. When the 
boat came up from your place on the morning of the 24th, 
I looked very earnestly for you, for I longed to greet you 
not only as a brother Delta, but a brother Mason. 

I have not time now to write anything for Conn is in a 
hurry and three or four persons are waiting in my office to 
have business attended to. I can only say that you must 
write me a long letter, and I shall then try, not only try 
but will write you a long one in return. Perge ! 
Yours fraternally, 

Sam B. Wilson. 



SAMUEL BEATTY WILSON i6i 

Beaver, July 22, 1852. 
James Elliott, Esq., 

Attorney at Law 
Steubenville, Ohio 
Brother of the Mystic Tie: Your kind letter of the 
4th, which served to awaken a host of pleasing recollec- 
tions, reached me in due time ; and my failure to answer it 
at an earlier day has resulted from circumstances that I 
could not control. During the first two weeks of the 
month I was absent most of the time from home ; and im- 
mediately after my return I had to put on the harness for 
what in Pennsylvania parlance we call "the adjourned 
Court" — a Court held quarterly for the argument of cases 
stated, and the regular sittings of the Common Pleas, 
Quarter Sessions, Oyer and Terminer, and Orphans' 
Court. When that rose I found myself on the sick list, 
where I have been enrolled until today. Now, however, 
I may say "Richard's himself again" — that is, to use an 
expression we were wont to use at college, I am again in 
the enjoyment of my "health, stomach and heels." 

Now that I am restored to the blessings of health, or 
rather, that they are restored to me, I hasten to perform 
the duty I owe an old and tried friend — one with the 
memory of whom is connected many of the brightest 
spots in that period which every graduate must regard as 
the sunniest in his existence. Aye, those college days are 
happy days indeed — happy in the present, happy in the 
false estimate we put upon the future — false because to 
our imaginations the world is painted in colors far too 
bright. And, oh, how many a heart burning results after- 
wards from this false estimate? How many a pang does 
it cost us to exchange our ideals for the real, to descend 
from that world which imagination had pictured to life as 
it is? These disappointments, this giving up of cherished 
dreams, are not the least severe of the student's struggles 
when first brought in contact with the world. 

I am pleased indeed to hear that your success in your 
profession is now a fixed fact. That such would be the 



i62 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

case I always felt assured. For a long time I had entirely 
lost sight of you. Many a time and oft I inquired of those 
I thought most likely to know, but could gain no definite 
information. Some two months since I searched "Liv- 
ingston's Law Register" the edition of '52, from "kiver 
to kiver," but could not find your whereabouts. And had 
it not been for the accidental disclosure of our friend 
Conn we might still have remained in ignorance for a 
length of time to come. 

I opened an office here about eighteen months ago. I 
had made my arrangements to go to Wisconsin; and set 
out for that state the next day after I was admitted to the 
bar. When I reached Pittsburgh, however, I found it 
impossible, owing to the lateness of the season, to get a 
ticket that would secure a passage further than Detroit. 
The idea of being "storm stayed" at that place for the 
winter was by no means pleasing and I, therefore, con- 
cluded to "tie up" somewhere in old Pennsylvania not 
caring much where. This was the first place that I could 
reach after leaving Pittsburgh, and I stopped. I was 
aware that nearly every young lawyer who had attempted 
"to tread the wine press alone" here, including Chief 
Justice Gibson, had been starved out; still I determined 
to risk it. I have not progressed as fast as I might have 
done in some other places, but my practice is steadily in- 
creasing, and much faster than I anticipated. 

I wonder what has become of Penington. He alone 
of all our old chums I have never heard of since we left 
college, except perhaps a letter written by him immediate- 
ly after he reached home. Our beloved Association is still 
flourishing, several new chapters have been established at 
different institutions. Remember me to our friend Isaac. 
Write soon, I shall always be pleased to hear from you. 
As ever, Pergel Sam B. Wilson. 



CHAPTER IV 

JAMES ELLIOTT 

IN THE northern part of England, in the vicinity of 
New Castle and Gateshead, John George Lamb- 
ton, Lord Durham, lived from 1792 to 1840. He was 
the same Lord Durham who, in 1833, was embassa- 
dor from Great Britain to Russia, and in 1838 was 
sent as governor-general to Canada to quell a rebellion. 
In an attempt to accomplish his mission Lord Durham 
exceeded the powers conferred on him, and, incensed 
at a vote of disapproval, he returned to England with- 
out being recalled or given the royal consent. He be- 
longed to the foreign orders of St. Andrew, St. Alex- 
ander, St. Anne, the White Eagle of Russia, Leopold 
of Belgium, and the Saviour of Greece. On the vast 
estates of this lord of many orders dwelt one James 
Elliott, a saddler by trade and famous throughout all 
England for his models. He was "saddler to His 
Majesty, King George the Third." Today an English 
rider, in speaking of his pigskin saddle, boasts if he 
possesses an "Elliott" in precisely the same manner that 
a virtuoso is proud in the possession of a Stradivarius. 
In the year 181 8 Lord Durham had a controversy with 
some bankers in London. In this controversy James 
Elliott gave testimony in favor of the bankers, with the 
result that Lord Durham issued an ukase, which in 
effect boycotted the saddle business of the tenant. This 
incensed Elliott and was the cause of his emigration to 

[163] 



i64 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

America. Upon his arrival, James Elliott enlisted in 
the United States Army and was stationed at Fort Pitt, 
in the capacity of chief saddler. In Pittsburgh he met 
and married Miss Mayhew, a school teacher from 
Bangor, Maine. Eleven children w^ere the result of 
this union. James Elliott, Jr., who became one of the 
''Immortal Six," founders of the fraternity of Phi 
Gamma Delta, was born on December 6, 1824, in Law- 
renceville, a suburb of Pittsburg. Soon after the birth 
of this child the family removed to Mt. Pleasant, West- 
moreland County, Pennsylvania. Here the lad James 
grew to youth, prepared for college at Mt. Pleasant in 
a private school of George K. Jenkins, entering Jefifer- 
son College in 1844. 

The Jef^ferson student, Elliott, is remembered by the 
Rev. William Y. Brown, D. D., of Philadelphia, a 
member of the class of '48, who writes: 

One of my most distinct recollections of James Elliott 
is his benign, genial, affable expression of countenance and 
his courteous demeanor. He was a young man of good 
physique, which added to his inborn sense of dignity and 
repose. He was a gentleman of the old school. He was 
a good student, stood well in the class for scholarship, and 
was popular among all the students of the college. 

Another pen-picture is supplied by the Rev. D. H. 
Goodwillie: 

Of course, I have my recollection of James Elliott as a 
student and member of Phi Gamma Delta, though it is 
much dimmed with years. He was a fine, upright fellow, 
whom every one liked. He was spare in flesh, rather tall, 
studious in his habits, perhaps the best student of all the 
founders of the fraternity, except S. B. Wilson, strictly 
temperate and gave strict attention to his own business. 
He was different from McCarty, who was always in evi- 



JAMES ELLIOTT 165 

dcnce on all occasions. Greek letter societies were unpop- 
ular at Jefferson in those days, and it was rarely the case 
that a man such as Elliott appeared in public at his true 
measure of a man. I knew little of Elliott except as I 
met him among ourselves. I think I am correct in say- 
ing he was one you could implicitly trust — a true man. 

During his college course Elliott must have possessed 
the pen of a ready writer. His name is frequently 
found on the programs of the Franklin Society, and his 
prolific versatility seems to have been banked upon 
without shame by his fraternity brothers. This is evi- 
dent from the Elliott letters, which have been the source 
of so much pleasure in depicting the student life of the 
first brothers. These are some of the demands made 
upon "Jim": 

T. W. B. Crews writes from Jefferson College, Octo- 
ber 28, 1848, as follows: 

I have a composition to write for next Friday a week. 
It is on the Colloquy of the Stars. I am tired of sober- 
sided essays, and wish to immortalize myself by branch- 
ing out, so if you can understand my intention, give me a 
touch on it between now and then, and oblige, 
Your friend 

Thomas W. B. Crews 

Crews writes again from Jefferson College, August 
6, 1848, as follows: 

Now that I have given you all the news, I must get 
you to write me a short piece for an album. The al- 
bum belongs to Miss Whitten, of Washington City. 
She intends going away to-morrow and will not return 
for a week. She gave me her album to write in, but 
actually I cannot, even if I had time, write a piece that 
I would be willing to give for that purpose. You would 
very much oblige me if you will consent to do this. 
Write prose or poetry if you like. I do not care about 



i66 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

it being very long. Jim, if I ever asked you earnestly 
for a favor I do it now, and I beg of you to put off that 
false modesty of "I am not able to comply with your re- 
quest." Please write it so as to get it here by Friday or 
Saturday, and I shall be very much obliged. 
Your devoted friend 

Thomas W. B. Crews 

Crews again writes from Jeflferson College on Febru- 
ary II, 1849, as follows: 

Jim, I do not wish to bore you, and especially about a 
thing which you might have some delicacy in complying 
with, but I am sincere and really wish you to do this much 
for me. I have chosen for my subject, "The Star 
Spangled Banner." I selected this because it was a na- 
tional subject and one very easy to treat. You can set 
down and write it in a few hours, for I only want it some 
ten or twelve minutes long. Jim, I do not care how you 
treat it, so you make it as eloquent as possible. I would 
like to have it completed by the 20th or 25th. 
Your devoted friend, 

Thomas W. B. Crews 

Benjamin F. Ray writes from Canonsburg, under 
date of January 6, 1849, as follows: 

I have got into rather a tight place, which I want to get 
out of, and I know of no one who is more able or willing 
than I trust you will be to help me. Our class commences 
speaking orations before public assemblies, and I can truly 
say that I never despaired as much of doing myself credit. 
Now, to be brief, I want help and I will not be refused. 
I know if you were here you would tell me that I was able 
to write it for myself, and I would fain believe that you 
told me the truth, but whether it is because I never could 
write or because I cannot write as well now as I could 
or because I have not yet as much confidence in my own 
ability now as I had, I cannot tell, but I just feel that I 
never would get a senior oration of any kind unless I ob- 
tained some assistance. I do not wish to flatter you, by 



JAMES ELLIOTT 167 

any means, but you will not feel yourself at all flattered 
when I say that I have entire confidence in your ability to 
render me assistance, and for this reason I am free to ask 
your aid. And I conjure you by all the ties that bind us 
together not to refuse me. I shall not take any excuse 
whatever, for in an hour or two you could do me a favor 
for which I will be under everlasting obligations to you. 
I do not ask you to write me a labored performance, but 
just such a one as you can scratch down in a very short 
time. If you wish it, it shall be entirely confidential; in 
fact, it will be to my interest to have the matter kept a 
secret, but if you prefer it the members of the chapter shall 
know it. You cannot think my request unreasonable, for 
two of our performers on exhibition (Gilchrist and Lo- 
gan) have both received assistance from our brother, Sam 
B. Wilson, and certainly it is not unreasonable for me, 
who am not on exhibition, to ask assistance from a broth- 
er. As for the subject, I will allow you to select one for 
yourself. I have written some on the "Mystery of 
Death," and had intended to ask you to write me a short 
oration on that subject, but you can use your pleasure 
about it. If you should make any choice I should prefer 
that you should write on that subject. But let the subject 
be what it may, I want you to write me an oration about 
ten minutes' long, and send it to me against this day two 
weeks farthest. If you have on hand any old oration 
which you never delivered here it will answer every pur- 
pose. I am under the impression that the senior orations 
will be a great bore this year, for, in the first place, they 
will not be as good as they were last year, and, in the next 
place, I am afraid that we will have no music when we 
deliver them. And I pray God that the faculty may be 
bored out and stop them before my turn comes. We are 
just now at the commencement of another session and I 
begin to feel as if my college course would soon be run. 

Confidently expecting to receive some pleasing intelli- 
gence from you as soon as you can make it practicable, I 
subscribe myself. Yours as ever, 

B. F. Ray. 



i68 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

Benjamin F. Ray writes from Canonsburg, under 
date of January 25, 1849: 

As regards the speeech which you sent me, I would say 
that you gave me ample satisfaction, and I cannot find 
language to express my obligations. I have transcribed 
it and will speak it with slight alterations. 
Yours as ever, 

B. F. Ray. 

James Logan writes from Canonsburg, under date of 
February 11, 1849, as follows: 

The installation is to come off the evening of the last 
Thursday of March, the 28th, I think. Your presence is 
much desired. My subject is "Pride of Ancestry — Its 
Influence." Would I be too bold if I should ask you to 
frame me one or two sentences for it. It is now about 
eighteen minutes' long. Give me two or three more 
minutes, and you would oblige me more than if you send 
me five dollars. 

Yours in the bonds, 

Jim Logan. 

It is evident that at this tim.e plagiarism was not 
regarded as a crime and that at least Crews, Ray, and 
Logan had no compunction of conscience in drawing 
upon the ability of their brother, James Elliott. 

It is not known whether the language of the Constitu- 
tion is that of Wilson or of Elliott. The two were ap- 
pointed a committee to write it at the preliminary meet- 
ing of the "Delta Association." It is probable that their 
joint labors on the Constitution were in his mind when 
under date of November 18, 1849, Wilson wrote from 
Somerset, Pennsylvania, to Elliott: "In this matter 
[plans for the proposed meeting of the Six in order to 
extend the fraternity and to adopt certain forms for the 
installation of officers and chapters] you and I are 




1848 



JAMES ELLIOTT 169 

especially interested, as our Sunday labors of old will 
testify." 

In the minutes of June 6, 1848, James Elliott and 
Naaman Fletcher are recorded as having been appoint- 
ed to draft a form for a charter for the Washington 
College chapter. 

It is probable that Elliott was very active in the pro- 
duction of the first pins and possibly was the first one 
of the Six to see the design completely worked out. 
This is indicated by a letter which McCarty wrote to 
Elliott on May 20, 1848: 

Your communication relative to the pins came duly to 
hand. I was glad to learn that the initials and date were 
correct, but from what you say I fear that they are too 
light to look well. 

It is possible that Elliott was the first one of the Six 
to wear a pin, for McCarty continues: 

The Deltas convened last night at ten o'clock at Delta 
Hall No. I and passed a motion prohibiting us from 
wearing our pins until the Saturday before commencement 
so Jim, if you are wearing yours, you had better leave it 
off when you return to this place. 

The original fraternity pin of James Elliott (de- 
scribed in the first Chapter in Part II) has been given 
to me by his son, Frank Elliott, for the archives. 

Elliott was one of the commencement orators of the 
class of '48. The exercises were held on June 14, 1848, 
in Providence Hall. His subject was "Napoleon's 
Prophecy." The oration must have been one of merit. 
It at least appealed to one of the audience, for among 
the Elliott letters was found the following commenda- 
tion: 



I70 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

New Athens, Ohio, October 28, '48. 

Mr. James Elliott: 

Sir — I am a stranger to you, but I have a small request 

which I hope your kindness will lead you to grant to me. 

Will you please send me a copy of your able address on the 

day of your commencement at Jefiferson? I was pleased 

with it and will be much pleased to have a copy of it. 

Will you grant it? If you can, please send it by mail at 

my expense the first opportunity. I would also be pleased 

to have a catalogue of Jefferson College, Hoping to hear 

from you soon, I am, with great esteem, 

Yours, 

A. B. Langley. 

Among memorabilia turned over to me by Mr. Frank 
Elliott for the fraternity archives was a record book of 
his father's. On the first fly-leaf of this book is writ- 
ten ''Book of Miscellanies, Mathematical, Chemical, 
Philosophical and Literary," the signature of "James 
Elliott," and the verselet: 

As runs the glass 
Man's life doth pass. 

The book tells us something more of the student life 
of Elliott and contains notes as the title page indicates. 
There are written in the book three essays or orations, 
one an analysis of Byron's Tragedy of Cain, another on 
the words of Horace, Nil Mortalibus Arduum Est, 
and one on Eloquence, The mathematical problems 
given in the book are copied with unusual neatness. 
There are also short essays written in French and Latin, 
and various quotations in Greek. A part of the essay 
on Eloquence will serve to illustrate Elliott's style when 
a student: 

Of the many sublime and interesting subjects which 
have arrested the attention of mankind through all ages; 
and which in the present age of progression and improve- 



JAMES ELLIOTT 171 

ments, offer themselves to poets, philosophers, and orators 
as themes for contemplation, eloquence presents itself as 
one of major interest and importance. It is rendered 
doubly interesting not only on account of its co-existence 
with the principal part of the free commonwealth of an- 
cient and modern times, but of its intimate connection 
with the destinies of those nations by whom it was culti- 
vated. When I speak of its importance, I allude not to 
its power of giving to the names of the virtuous an im- 
mortality of honor and glory, and to those of the vicious 
one of infamy, shame and disgrace; of its influence over 
the destinies of individuals, and the pleasure experienced 
in listening to the enrapturing strains of an eloquent speak- 
er; but more especially of the influence which it exerts 
over the political existence of nations. The fabric of 
true eloquence has not for its foundation, falsehood ; it de- 
lights not in deceit and cunning; seeks not to ensnare its 
adversaries by fallacies, effects not its ends by base and 
dishonorable means ; but is based on truth ; delights in an 
open, candid, manly and logical bearing ; cherishes towards 
its adversaries a spirit of generosity and mercy, when they 
are due them ; displays itself in a manner full of simplicity 
and beauty, and godlike actions; effects its designs either 
by slow but sure footsteps, or takes captive the will by 
storm, and is guided by reason and the dictates and emo- 
tions of the heart. It addresses the understanding and ap- 
peals to the feelings and passions, and thus unlocks the 
prisoned gates of the prejudiced mind, and leads a willing 
captive the elysianed soul. All else is false eloquence 
which, 

Like the prismatic glass. 

Its gaudy colors spreads on every place. 

But where, tell me, is this sublime and disinterested elo- 
quence to be found, which overcomes all intervening by 
its resistless blaze? Where shall we go to find the indi- 
vidual whose heart is proof against the skillfully directed 
attacks of true eloquence? When the law>'er pleads in 
defense of injured innocence, and advocates the cause of 



172 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

destitute and unhappy widows and orphans without any 
hope of reward or private emolument, he must be elo- 
quent. When the truly pious and devout minister of the 
gospel publishes from the sacred desk the doctrines of 
salvation, and warns sinners to flee from the wrath to 
come and the judgment of a just God, he must be elo- 
quent. When the patriot statesman defends the liberties 
of his fellow citizens, and maintains their rights and privi- 
leges against the encroachments of daring despots at the 
sacrifice of his own ease, comfort, wealth and happiness, 
and even at the peril of his life, he must be eloquent. 
In vain do we search for the individual who is invin- 
cible by it, save him whose heart is adamantine. The 
tyrant sits insecure on his throne, and trembles for his 
safety; though he be richer by far than Croesus and have 
kingdoms at his will, when the power of true eloquence is 
directed against his unjust pretensions and usurpations. 
But the mere mention of eloquence reminds us of the eras 
in the history of old Greece and Rome, when those 
mighty commonwealths emerged from the darkness and 
ignorance in which their neighbors were involved; and 
spread the light of civilization of the world, which, by its 
benign influence, wrought such changes on society as their 
historians and poets might well be proud to boast of; 
when oratory was cultivated and shown in the splendor of 
its pristine purity; when Grecian strove to excel Grecian, 
and Roman vied with rival Roman in the strength and 
beauty, in the simplicity and sublimity, in the blaze and 
charms of his eloquence ; whose action was graceful, pre- 
possessing and bewitching, and who seemed to have the 
passions and feelings of others in his power; so much so, 
indeed, that he actually appeared like one inspired; of a 
Cicero, whose eloquence was copious, smooth, magnifi- 
cent, and enrapturing; "Of the Grecian carrying the cita- 
del by storm; and the Roman taking it after a regular 
and most beautifully conducted siege;" of a Peter and a 
Paul enlisted in the cause of heaven, pleading for Christi- 
anity, and holding immense multitudes in suspense; and 



JAMES ELLIOTT 173 

even making judges tremble on their thrones, and persuad- 
ing them to be Christians ; of a Pitt, a Fox, a Sheridan, 
and a Curran in the assembly and at the bar ; of a Bour- 
dalone, a Massilon, a Bridame, and a Whitfield in the 
pulpit; and of a number of orators of our own day who 
have distinguished themselves in the assembly, at the bar, 
and in the pulpit. 

I cannot pass over further consideration of the subject 
without briefly noticing a few examples recorded in sacred 
writ, of more than mortal eloquence. Who can but ad- 
mire the eloquence of Joshua, when he commanded the 
two great luminaries of the heavens to stop in their appar- 
ent revolutions: "Sun, stand thou still upon Gideon; 
and thou, moon, in the valley of Ajalon." What can 
exceed the sublimity of expression and grandeur of the 
Psalmist's description of the interpretations of Divine Pro- 
vidence in behalf of the sufferer: "Then the earth shook 
and trembled; the foundations also of the hills moved 
and were shaken ; because he was wroth ; there went up a 
snake out of his nostrils, and fire out of his mouth devour- 
ed ; coals were kindled by it. He bowed the heavens also, 
and came down ; and darkness was under his feet. And 
he rode upon a cherub ; and did fly ; yea, he did fly upon 
the wings of the wind ; he made darkness his secret place ; 
his pavilion round about him were dark waters and thick 
clouds of skies." 

What can surpass the force and beauty of the eloquence 
of the prediction of the Prophet Isaiah concerning the 
destruction of Babylon: "It shall never be inhabited, 
neither shall it be dwelt in from generation to generation ; 
neither shall the Arabian pitch tent there; neither shall 
the shepherds make their fold there. But wild beasts of 
the desert shall lie there, and their houses shall be full 
of doleful creatures; and owls shall dwell thence, and 
satyrs shall dance there. And the wild beasts of the 
islands shall cry in their desolate houses, and dragons in 
their desolate palaces; and her time is near to come, and 
her days shall not be prolonged." How beautiful ! How 



174 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

grand in expression ! and at the same time how eloquent ! 
the prophecy of Micah, relative to the establishment and 
prosperity of Messiah's kingdom; its peaceful character, 
and everlasting duration : "And he shall judge among 
many people, and rebuke strong nations afar off, and they 
shall beat their swords into ploughshares, and their spears 
into pruning hooks; nation shall not lift sword against na- 
tion, neither shall they learn war any more." Who can 
surpass the oratorical glow and lofty language of the pro- 
phet Habakkuk, when he describes the majesty and might 
displayed by the Almighty in conducting the Israelites 
to the land of promise?: "Before him went the pestilence 
and burning coals went forth at his feet. He stood, and 
measured the earth ; he beheld and drove asunder the na- 
tions and the everlasting mountains were scattered, the 
perpetual hills did bow ; his ways are everlasting." 

The dissertation seems to end abruptly. The perora- 
tion, if there were one, was evidently not copied into 
the record book by Elliott, or it might never have been 
written, and the oration might have been closed extem- 
pore. The essay is addressed to "Gentlemen of the 
Franklin Literary Society." 

There are also in the record book some shorthand 
notes. The system was evidently that of Pitman, for 
in one place the Lord's prayer is easily deciphered. 
The matter of the shorthand notes was referred to 
Frank Elliott, who reports that among the certificates 
and diplomas of his father was a certificate from Bos- 
ton, dated in 1846, which states that James Elliott had 
become proficient in the Pitman System, and having 
completed the course is entitled to teach the Pitman 
System. Correspondence schools, therefore, seem not 
to have been an invention of these latter days. Short- 
hand, at least, seems to have been taught by correspon- 
dence seventy-five years ago. 



JAMES ELLIOTT 175 

After graduation, James Elliott taught school in 
Virginia and Indiana. Our first brothers seemed loy- 
ally desirous of assisting each other. An effort of Mc- 
Carty in Elliott's behalf bore the following fruit: 

Brookville, July 22, 1848 
James Elliott, Jr., Esq. : 

Dear Sir — We have been informed by young Mr. 
John T. McCarty of this place, who is or was a school as- 
sociate of yours, that you are a graduate of the Canons- 
burg College and that you would take charge of our 
County Seminar}' in Brookville, Franklin county, Indiana. 
If so, the undersigned trustees take the responsibility to say 
to you that it is our wish that you would come on immedi- 
ately and commence the school. We would also say that 
you will have to rely upon the tuition fee or subscription 
to the school. We think that the school can be made 
respectable and that it will give a teacher a fair compensa- 
tion. Mr. McCarty, with whom you are acquainted, 
has said something to you on the subject. 
Yours respectfully, 

Enoch McCarty, 
A. Blaine, 

Seminary Trustees. 

Enoch McCarty was an uncle of John Templeton 
McCarty. 

Crofts, as is indicated in his letters of '49 and '50, was 
keenly interested in getting Elliott to enter newspaper 
work in New Lisbon, to abandon the career of a teacher 
and to continue the study of law with him. Crofts 
writes, under date of January 23, 1850: 

I would recommend to you to study law exclusively. 
Bid adieu to the life of a pedagogue. Swear you never 
were one. Persevere in the study of law, labor long and 
hard at the law and the law alone, and you will arrive at 
eminence in that honorable, noble and dignified profession. 



176 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

You must, you can succeed ; you have perseverance and 
talents of a high order ; make a strike. There is no such 
word as fail. In the language of old Dan Webster there 
is plenty of room in the profession above, but below it is 
crowded like hell. You have talents and other qualities 
which would place you in the profession above. 

In a letter of Crofts to Elliott, under date of June 24, 
1850, it would appear that Elliott had entered news- 
paperwork in Wellsville, Ohio, as Crofts writes: 

It gives me pleasure to hear of your enterprise, and I 
hope you will succeed. I will not be able to do anything 
in the way of subscribers until you publish a number. Put 
my name to the list as a subscriber. 

On August 26, 1850, Crofts wrote to Elliott urging 
him to come to New Lisbon and enter into partnership 
with him in purchasing and editing the Palladium. 
This enterprise was never carried into effect, as Crofts 
wrote to Elliott a short time thereafter: 

Consumption with its deadly fangs, has seized upon 
me. 

After experiences as a schoolmaster, in Brookville, 
Indiana, and Pomonkey, Maryland, Elliott located in 
Steubenville, read law with the Honorable Roderick S. 
Moodey, was admitted to the bar in January, 1852, and 
went into partnership with his preceptor. On a visit 
to Steubenville, I noticed on an old house the following 
placard: "Edwin M. Stanton, Attorney-General, Sec- 
retary of War, Justice of the Supreme Court, born here 
19th of December, 18 14. Erected by the school chil- 
dren of Jefferson County, A.D. 1897." The question 
arose, whether James Elliott was personally acquainted 
with Edwin M. Stanton. Upon investigation of the 
court records I found that Elliott's first case was with 









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<7 ■ 



/7 



JAMES ELLIOTT 177 

Stanton as opposing counsel. The case was won by 
Elliott. Two or three years after his admittance to the 
bar he was elected clerk of the court, in which office 
he served three terms. 

During the Civil War he enlisted in the Federal army 
and was stationed at Fort Delaware as adjutant of the 
157th Regiment O.V.L, in charge of confederate pris- 
oners, among them being J. William Flinn, of the 
University of Mississippi chapter. 

In his reminiscences, given to me by President James 
D. Mofifat, of Washington-Jefiferson College, a number 
of incidents were referred to where members of Phi 
Gamma Delta, of the Union army and of the Confed- 
erate army, met each other on the battle fields and in 
the prisons of the Civil War. Incidents of this kind 
can, of course, be multiplied. While James Elliott was 
guarding Confederate prisoners, his very close friend 
and brother in Phi Gamma Delta, Tom Crews, was 
himself a Federal prisoner at Arrow Rock, Missouri. 
In his Index Rerum, T. W. B. Crews, at the close of the 
war, wrote as follows : 

It is due to the officers and soldiers of the U. S. army to 
record the fact that in all my intercourse with them I have 
been treated with courtesy and respect. Though I was 
an officer in the rebel service and did all I could for the 
cause, impelled by a sense of justice, by conscience and the 
dictates of self preservation, I never allowed myself to 
condescend to any meanness toward those who opposed me. 
I never despoiled union men of their property or allowed 
them to be disturbed in their ordinary avocations. I 
refused to permit it when I had command or could exer- 
cise authority. The consequence is that I am not a sub- 
ject for their resentment, and, so far as they could, they 
have exerted themselves for my protection. 



lyS HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

It would be interesting indeed if the correspondence 
between James Elliott and Tom Crews following this 
period of the history of the country had been preserved. 

At the close of the war, his health impaired, Elliott 
moved, for a short time, to Topeka, Kansas. After a 
few years of country life, he returned to Steubenville 
and resumed the practice of his profession. He was 
elected mayor in 1873, not by the people, but by the 
city council, as his predecessor had been impeached and 
removed from office. This was a period when a pro- 
hibition movement had swept through that portion of 
the country. Elliott's administration was active in en- 
forcing the law and bringing about a change in the re- 
peal of ordinances regarding the sale of liquor. With 
the assistance of the council, Elliott enforced the law 
with an iron hand, terrorizing all the rough element. 
He dealt with prize-fighting in the same manner, and 
imposed the severest possible sentences on all sorts of 
ruffians who disregarded the law. Having served one 
term as mayor he was reelected. He took no interest in 
the campaign, saying: "If the people want me they 
will elect me. If they don't, they won't." During his 
term as a public officer he received all sorts of threats, 
"to burn his house," "to rob him of his property," "kill 
him," or "do him bodily harm." These threats came 
from the element he had cowed. At the close of his 
second term as mayor he was offered the nomination for 
congress from his district, which would have meant 
practically an election. On account of failing health, 
however, he refused the nomination, and formed a law 
partnership witth W. A. Walden. 

James Elliott was an enthusiastic Mason during his 
younger days, and, at one time, was junior grand war- 



JAMES ELLIOTT 179 

den of the Ohio Grand Lodge. Letters of S. B. Wilson 
refer to the ties of friendship as those Masonic and 
of the "Delta Association." 

On December 8, 1853, James Elliott married Miss 
Rachel Crane, of Wellsville, Ohio, who died in the 
summer of 1876. There were four children born of 
this union, Edgar, Sallie, Frank, and Charles. Their 
family life was very happy, for James Elliott was es- 
sentially a home man and extremely fond of his family. 
One of their regular evening pleasures was reading 
aloud French literature and the classics. 

S. S. Cope, a most prominent business man of the 
town of Wellsville, Ohio, gives this description of 
Elliott: 

He was a good man, a very good man. He was about 
five feet ten inches in height, of dark tan complexion, 
black hair, Roman nose, a piercing eye, erect in carriage, 
but rather lean. He was somewhat of an Indian in ap- 
pearance. His weight was about 140 pounds, and was 
such a man as one would notice and pick out of a crowd of 
men. His wife, Rachel, was very proud of him and de- 
voted to him in every way. 

About the year 1880, James Elliott became much 
debilitated. The dread disease of tuberculosis had 
fastened itself upon him. He retired from the law 
firm of Waldron and Elliott and went to live with his 
son, Frank, in the city of Chicago, where he died on the 
loth day of November, 1883. 

On November 16, 1883, a meeting of the bar of Jeff- 
erson County, Ohio, was held and a committee appoint- 
ed, composed of Messrs. W. A. Owesney, Cook, and 
Reynolds, to draft a preamble and resolutions relative 
to the death of James Elliott, to be presented to the 



i8o HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

court on the first day of the adjourned term. The 
following were the resolutions adopted: 

Resolutions of Respect to James Elliott 

I. Resolved, That with regret we are called upon to 
record the death of James Elh'ott, a member of the bar, 
which occurred at Chicago, Illinois, on the lOth day of 
November, A.D., 1883. 

II. Resolved, That we attest the fact, that as a lawyer 
he excelled in many branches of the profession; as a man 
he was noted for integrity and for his devotion to his fami- 
ly. His characteristics were marked and sterling. 

III. Resolved, That the chairman of the meeting pre- 
sent to the family of deceased a copy of these resolutions 
and that at the present term of this Court of Common 
Pleas, he also present to this court a copy thereof, with the 
request that the resolution be spread upon the journal of 
this court. 

w. a. owesney, 
John M. Cook, 
Committee on Resolutions. 

At a meeting of the bar on November 16, 1883, a 
memorial address was made by the Honorable J. A. H. 
Trainer, which is here given : 

May it please your honor: 

Looking over this assembly of the bar of Jefferson coun- 
ty, I realize the mournful truth that one is absent who, 
on like occasions, heretofore participated with us in our 
solemn ceremonies. Time, with its many changes, has 
again visited our ranks and required that one of our num- 
ber should journey through the impenetrable gloom that 
separates this from the happier and better world. The 
summons was served, and on the iith instant, one of 
the oldest members of this bar, James Elliott, surrounded 
by kind and affectionate friends, laid aside his briefs in 
this earthly court and passed, we trust, into that higher 



JAMES ELLIOTT i8i 

court where He who presides is the eternal God. He 
now sleeps the long and last sleep of death, and the gentle 
breezes of autumn play mournfully over the spot where he 
is at final rest. Still his name is not forgotten by the 
members of this bar, for his many virtues live and in 
freshness bloom in our memory. Worthy actions, virtu- 
ous and honorable lives, ever live and are held in kind 
remembrance by the true lover of the legal profession. 

During my residence in this city James Elliott and I 
were intimate friends. He was one among the number 
of the eighteen members then at this bar who welcomed 
me thirty years ago, on my first appearance in this court. 
Of all these members, three still survive, and but one, my 
venerable friend. Judge Miller, is now a practitioner in 
this court. The rest, with the learned Judge Tappen, 
and the kind-hearted Colonel James Collier, who were 
then retired members of the profession, have passed in 
their final briefs. 

A personal friendship of thirty years gives me a right to 
appear in this court as the friend of the deceased on this 
occasion and perform the duty of a friend to a dead 
brother, which this melancholy occasion demands. In age 
the deceased was my senior but for a few months and at 
this bar about one year. Hence, we commenced our 
career in this court as young men almost at the same time. 
Often have we been associated on the same side of cases, 
and oftener he on one side and I on the other. He was 
a working member of the profession, diligent, judicious 
and honest, and it is with pleasure that I bear testimony to 
his moral worth, virtue and strict integrity. In the jour- 
ney of life I always found him the honest, truthful and 
honorable gentleman, pleasant, kind, sympathetic and 
charitable, ever ready in the grand mission of life to ex- 
tend aid and relief to those in need and distress. Like 
many others, in the days of his youth he had mainly to de- 
pend on his own industry to gain an education. Study 
was a delight, and, being a close student, idling away no 
time, he became learned and a fine scholar. Turning his 



i82 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

attention to the legal profession, he took lessons under the 
tutorship of my friend, Roderick S. Moodey, one of the 
finest special pleaders at this bar, a gentleman who despis- 
ed the code, but loved and relied on Chitty's Pleadings. 

James Elliott, when admitted to the bar, was well vers- 
ed in pleadings, and, I may say without disparagement to 
other members, he took high rank, and in the preparation 
of pleadings he stood without a superior in this court. 
Well read in his profession, and well informed in the law, 
he belonged to that class of members who, though not the 
most brilliant, are the most useful and meritorious in the 
profession. He made no pretensions to victory, and pre- 
sented his cause to the court and jury without any display 
of forensic eloquence and flights of fancy and imagination. 
Reason and convincing argument was the line of his speech 
and, having a knowledge of the facts involved in his cases, 
he presented the facts and the law in a clear and intelli- 
gent and logical manner to the court and jury. He was 
a thorough business member of the profession, in all its 
aspects well informed, having a mind rich in stores of legal 
learning, the reward of patient labor, and patient labor 
alone, an example which those who seek to raise them- 
selves to great heights of professional eminence would do 
well to study. He was a model student, and well serves 
as an example to all young men in their habits of study 
and application. Philosophic in his temperament and 
wise in his conduct, governed in all his actions by reason 
and judgment, strong in legal argument, clear, natural, 
and logical in the exposition of his subject, urbane in his 
manners, scrupulously impartial, and attentive to his du- 
ties, he was truly a good and careful lawyer. 

For three successive terms he was elected by the people 
of this county to the important position of clerk of this 
court, and being well qualified for this position, he dis- 
charged its duties with fidelity and marked ability. The 
members of the bar, while he held the position of clerk, 
were not troubled about preparing journal entries and see- 
ing that the same were properly journalized. This was a 



JAMES ELLIOTT 183 

duty that he promptly attended to, and but seldom called 
the members of the bar to prepare journal entries. The 
records he made In this court as clerk will bear the closest 
inspection, and are a monument showing how well and 
faithfully he discharged that duty. No person who may 
have occasion to examine the same in search of title to 
property passed on by the court will find any error there- 
in. The records are complete in all respects, and should 
be patterned after. 

Holding the office of mayor of this city, a position of 
great trouble and vexation, he discharged its duties with 
marked ability to the entire satisfaction of the people. 
On retiring from this office he resumed the practice of his 
profession, and continued an active practitioner in this 
court until prostrated by that fell disease which rendered 
him unable to appear any more in court, and which finally 
terminated his earthly existence. 

In life he discharged all his duties as a good citizen, a 
good officer, and as a pure, honest and honorable member 
of the legal profession, and when he lay down to final rest 
it was with a pure, unsullied and untarnished name and 
reputation. Peace to his repose. 

But it was not in office and at the bar that the deceased 
alone showed his noble and manly character. At home 
James Elliott was a kind and affectionate father. His 
home was a happy one, blessed and loved by a good and 
cheerful wife, who preceded him to the mansions of the 
dead. Three sons and one daughter brightened his fire- 
side, the development of whose minds in useful and prac- 
tical knowledge was a careful and pleasing duty to him. 
These children are left to mourn his departure from earth, 
and long will kindred hearts of dear ones silently mourn 
and miss the kind greetings received from a father in the 
bygone days. Exemplary in everything that gives joy and 
decorum to a private family, James Elliott was so atten- 
tive to the comfort of his family as not to permit the sum- 
mer sun and wintry wind to visit them too roughly. His 
generous fidelity was not alone to his family; he was 



i84 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

warmly attached to his friends, and was a pleasant and 
agreeable companion. His attachments were strong and 
ardent; in manner he was frank and agreeable with all 
persons, and of such a character as to win the esteem of 
all with whom he came in contact; in conversation, free 
and affable ; punctual in every social and civil duty, he was 
as true to his friends as he was true to the court. 

Memento mori is written on everything. Life cannot 
in this world last forever, and James Elliott will no more 
appear in this court. His voice has been silenced by death, 
the court will no longer read his masterly pleadings and 
fine briefs. The immortal part of our friend and brother 
has gone home to the kind God who gave it, and his body 
reposes peacefully in the silent tomb. 

The remains of James Elliott were removed from 
Chicago to Wellsville, Ohio, and placed beside those 
of his wife. It was to the same town of Wellsville that 
James Elliott had journeyed not a great many years be- 
fore to claim as his bride Rachel Crane. The lot on 
which they are buried is well located in one of the old 
and more beautiful parts of the Springhill cemetery in 
Wellsville. From the lot, which is just opposite a bend 
in the river and on a high hill above the town, the views 
up and down the Ohio river are most picturesque. 

The inscription on his headstone was as follows: 

JAMES ELLIOTT 

Born 

December 6, A. D. 1824 

Died 
November 10, A. D. 1883 

The words, "One of the Founders of Phi Gamma 
Delta" were carved at the bottom of the stone, with the 
permission of his son, Frank Elliott. The wife of 
James Elliott is buried on his left with the inscription 




James Elliott 

1873 
Mayor of Steubenville 



JAMES ELLIOTT 185 

RACHEL C. ELLIOTT 

Born 
December 24, A. D. 1831 

Died 
August 26, A. D. 1876 

At the grave of James Elliott are the insignia of the 
Grand Army of the Republic. He was the only one of 
the "Immortal Six" who wore the uniform of a soldier. 

It was in the summer of 1908, sixty years after they 
were written, that Frank Elliott, of Chicago, was 
persuaded to search for something which might have 
belonged to his father as a Jefferson student, and made 
the valued discovery in his garret of the letters which 
had been written by McCarty, Wilson, Crofts, Gregg, 
and Fletcher to James Elliott. 

The correspondence of the founders was until 1910 
incomplete because of the lack of letters written to any 
of them by James Elliott. 

The old law office of Samuel Beatty Wilson, first 
occupied in 1850, and still intact, seemed to be the one 
place which promised reward for search. At length, 
persistence resulted in the discovery of some letters of 
James Elliott to his old friend and brother, "Sam." 

A strange seal was affixed to the letter of April 21, 
1849, to Wilson. It was a diamond-shaped "sticker," 
about the size of the pin of the "Delta Association." 
Elliott, as was stated, was an expert student of short- 
hand. There is writtten on the sticker seal referred to, 
in shorthand: "A little iniquity may breed great mis- 
chief." In the lower left-hand corner of the addressed 
side of this letter Elliott had written, "^ tuo amico. 
J. E." 



1 86 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

LETTERS OF JAMES ELLIOTT 

Mount Aventine, April 21, 1849. 
Mr. Sam B. Wilson : 

My Dear Old Friend and Brother Delta: It is a 
long, long time since I have had the pleasure of receiving 
an epistle from you, and whether this has arisen from neg- 
h'gence on my part or not I am not able to say. But in 
midst of all this forgetfulness or negligence, there is one 
thing doubly sure — that it has not with me been caused 
by any falling off from that friendship we swore together 
— nor by less anxiety and solicitude for the welfare of 
one for whom I have always had the highest regard and 
in whose friendship and good counsel I rejoice. If then I 
have to acknowledge the last receipt, rest assured it was 
not neglected, but by lapse of time, and through the vexa- 
tions and cares attending my pathway through life, was 
forgotten. Not that the scenes so dear to the heart in 
which we have mingled together cease to be remembered, 
or the many pleasing associations connected with our 
college life have lost their charms. No; they are all 
lodged in the "storehouse of the mind" and there I trust 
will remain thrice hallowed until we shall have shuffled 
off this mortal coil. You may, no doubt, think strange, 
and wonder how in the course of human events it has 
happened to find me a pedagogue's resting place here in 
"Darkiedom" — in old Maryland — on the majestic Po- 
tomac. 

All this goes to show, Sam, what all experience in life 
teaches; that "the ways of the world are past finding out." 
You have no doubt heard from some of our friends, of my 
wild-goose chase down in "Hoosierdom." (And here by the 
way, when in that lovely region I saw the Schoolmaster 
among the Hoosiers, and committed an act of petit lar- 
ceny, that is, brought it out to Ohio with me, but after- 
wards sent it by mail to Old "Mac") Well, after I had 
fully satisfied myself with "Hoosierdom" and things there- 
in, I returned to the Buckeye State where most of my time 
was spent previous to coming here. The principal part 




Tombstone of James Elliott 



JAMES ELLIOTT 187 

of it was spent in reading law and it is for the prosecution 
of that purpose that I am here. It is a source of regret 
that my past winter was ingloriously spent, waiting on the 
completion of a building in Wheeling until I became tired, 
and determined to go to some other region. And now let 
us say a little of this country and of my school. And 
first of the country. What a curse is slavery, and what 
a pity that the soil of our common country should have 
been marked by the foot-prints of a single slave! It is a 
great barrier in the way of enterprise and improvement; 
it is in view of this fact that it should be abominated. As 
for the slave, as far as mere condition is concerned, judg- 
ing from what I have seen, it is vastly preferable to that 
of a majority of the free darkies of the North. In hospi- 
tality they know no bounds. 

As to my school, it comprises four boys, the eldest about 
thirteen and is reading Virgil — the youngest, about seven 
— and is reading and spelling. Six hours and a half per 
day are spent in teaching, that is, in the schoolroom, near- 
ly two of which I can study. The situation upon the 
whole is rather pleasant. My pupils are not quite talented 
enough to render them interesting, which is one objec- 
tion. The residence is situated on an eminence, com- 
manding a fine view of the river which is not more than 
two hundred yards distant. It is only 28 miles below the 
city and twelve below the last abode and resting place 
of Washington. I shall have a fine opportunity of attend- 
ing the session of Congress next winter. My salary of 
course is not large but as my school is small and facilities 
for study good, it will do very well. I am at no expense 
whatever. Whenever I wish to go anywhere a horse is at 
my sei-vice. The chief objection to the place is, that it is 
twenty miles from nowhere. I was forced to send my 
boots to be repaired to Alexandria, twenty miles! I am 
furnished with books from General Chapman, Mr. Chap- 
man's brother-in-law, my patron. Our friend McCarty 
has, I suppose, permitted his better judgment to be lured 
by the glittering sands of the Sacramento, and has gone 



i88 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

thither in quest of the "Yellow God." Since it is so, may 
he amass sufficient to amply compensate him for his ardu- 
ous labors. This is not the highway to eminence * * * 
purchased by gold is not worth having, and * * * cannot 
be bought, nor can lasting and ennobling * * *. I have had 
some pressing solicitations to join in this "Jack O'Lantern 
hunt," but my second sober thought prevailed, and I am 
yet in the States. 

I received a day or two since a letter from our highly 
esteemed friend and brother Dan W. Crofts. Repeated 
smiles came o'er my face in reading of this letter, pervaded 
by a rich vein of humor Dan has talents of a very high 
order, and a soul which cannot but render him an admir- 
able friend and companion. Oh, that I could but assem- 
ble around me that band of kindred spirits, which were 
wont to commune in days gone by! My cup of happiness 
would run o'er could this but be, or even were it again 
permitted us jungere dextras. Alas! It may not be soon 
and if ever, oh, what joy to take a friend and brother by 
the hand. You, Sam, are also a pedagogue, I presume. 
'Tis an honest avocation, yet this is cool comfort where 
wages are small. When I get through my studies, I 
design going to Iowa, Wisconsin or Minnesota. What 
think you of it? As for yourself I have but to express 
my wishes for your welfare and success in life. God 
speed you on your way and there is nothing to prevent 
you from attaining that fame for which we are all aspir- 
ants. Please write as soon as possible. I must bid you 
adieu ! Farevi^ell ! ! Farewell ! ! ! Perge ! 

James Elliott. 

P.S. My office is, Pomonkey, Charles Co., Md. 

Mount Aventine, Md., March 13, 1850 
My dear Sam : It is with regret I have to say that it 
will be impossible for me to fulfill my intentions of visiting 
Somerset, and must forego, for the present, the many an- 
ticipated pleasures of an interview with an old "true and 
tried friend." 

It is my intention to leave here today, but will have to 



JAMES ELLIOTT 189 

hasten my way to Ohio as fast as possible, foregoing also 
the pleasure of tarrying more than a day at Washington 
City where I would wish to remain several days. 

I can only say "the ways of this world are past finding 
out." I fondly hope the future will yet bring us together, 
when the remembrances of the past will make visible those 
feelings of the heart, which pen cannot convey. 

If I have for a moment since our exodus from Sylvas 
Academl anticipated the enjoyment of a luxury, it was to 
be derived from this expected interview with one with 
whom I have paced so oft the Groves of Academus, and 
felt the soothing, inspiring breath of generous, disinterest- 
ed friendship. But when we build our castles highest, 
some unkind breeze — 0«or Aura — hr\n^ the frail 
thing to the earth! 

At Mr. Chapman's request 1 wrote a short time since 
to Tabula Rasa, Sr. for a teacher to fill the situation made 
vacant by my leaving here, and last evening received an 
answer from that dignified, able and conscientious func- 
tionary, closing with Yours with very great regard. Bah ! 
As to the proposed changes in the Delta constitution. 
I feel perfect confidence in the hands in which the task 
has, in a great measure, fallen. Deal gently with the 
young child, for it is yet in the cradle. As to my own 
prospects, I can say nothing definite. Things look dark 
and murky as hell. A few days may make important 
developments. I may continue for a while longer peda- 
goguing — may sit down seclusively to the completion of 
my law studies — may go to the far west — may do, the 
Lord knows what. 

But I know, Sam, you will say one ought to be fixed in 
purpose, tenacem propositi virum. Well, there I heartily 
agree with you, but these are only different routes to the 
same goal. I would that I could go to work and build 
castles, against which the gates of hell could not prevail. 
I then, no doubt would build some stately ones, perhaps 
unearthly, too Utopian for any clime but dreamland ; yet I 
would endeavor to use the power with moderation. For 



I90 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

want of books at hand I have suspended my studies for a 
month, and have been luxuriating in the luminous pages 
of Macaulay's England. 

I have just been calling to remembrance some of our 
wonted feasts of reason, mirth and jollity. But where 
are the special actors in some of our most happy ones? 
Where is Quay? A name for mirth, jollity, reason and 
— I know not what to say. Have you ever heard of him 
since the re-enacting of Mahomet's flight from Mecca? 
To me his silence is inexplicable, and rather than impute 
to him the betrayal of our confidence, I am disposed to 
believe he has experienced some untoward accident. 
Cromwellian style, the Lord guard and protect him if 
he's honest; if not, the Devil take him. 

Any tidings from the adventurer at El Dorado? Ah, 
gold ! gold ! thou hast brought destruction to thousands 
and thousands more are in store for thee ! Better be poor 
than run a whoring after thee, for poverty is no disgrace 
if it is sometimes inconvenient. 

I am in anything else than a mood for writing, so I 
have to beg of you to accept this very feeble apology for 
a letter, and in return for such as I receive from you 
especially. 

I shall be at Mt. Pleasant, Ohio, for a short time, and 
there I await the pleasure of hearing from you. Give my 
unbounded regards to your fellow students at law, Messrs. 
Logan and Pershing. Nothing but uncontrollable cir- 
cumstances prevents me from executing my projected visit. 
Adieu for the present! 

James Elliott^ Jr. 
S. B. Wilson, Esq. 

Steubenville, C, July 6, 1852 
S. B. Wilson, Esq. 

Dear Sam : Your most welcome letter by the hand of 
our friend Conn, has been received, and my first and only 
impulse was to answer it immediately, but circumstances 
have absolutely prevented my doing so, unless by a few 



JAMES ELLIOTT 191 

hasty lines. Our Court of Common Pleas has been in 
session for the last two weeks, and I have been so busy 
that I could not find the requisite time, and as the Glorious 
Fourth is come, and it is Sunday, and a consequent relax- 
ation from our wonted labors, I cannot spend a portion of 
it more fitly than by writing to you — one of the compan- 
ions of my college days — one of whom I feel myself 
bound by all ties of friendship as well as by the "Mystic 
tie" of our noble brotherhood. 

The last you heard of me, by letter, I think, was just 
before my departure from Maryland. The summer after 
my return, I was most effectually bored with the ague. 
My highest and only ambition was to kill time and I 
thought myself truly fortunate if I could do so. After I 
had re-established my health, I came to this city and com- 
menced the completion of my law studies. Last summer 
I became the Whig candidate for Clerk of the Court in 
this County, and like the rest of my political friends 
who aspired for office at that time, I was beaten. The 
glory of office does not dazzle my eyes nor judgment now. 
I shall not try it on for some time again and then I shall 
make a "ten strike." But now thank God, I am at the 
bar — having been admitted by Court in Banc at Colum- 
bus last December. R. S. Moodey with w^hom I read 
here, took me in partnership the ist of last January; so 
that I am in business, cum magno labore. We were en- 
gaged Thursday and Friday in a criminal case — defend- 
ing a man indicted for robbery. We went into trial 
under the most adverse circumstances — a bad looking 
prisoner — with public opinion against his innocence — an 
aggravated offense, spread over the county through the 
newspapers — hence a great difficulty in getting an im- 
partial jury. All these facts weighed down on the case 
like an irremovable incubus. The prisoner was formerly 
of your State. His sister came on here a couple of weeks 
since — a very intelligent, pious and estimable looking 
lady. We had her in court with the prisoner during the 
whole trial, and thus gave character to it. A desperate 



192 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

effort was made by the prosecution to convict him. They 
looked upon it as certain, but after a long and fruitless 
attempt to agree, the jury was discharged, standing seven 
for acquital and five for conviction. Well we try it on 
again next week ; but by "Dagon," he shall not be convict- 
ed if it can possibly be prevented. If the prisoner wore 
a good countenance, as good as his sister, we could easily 
succeed. Three witnesses swear positively to his identi- 
ty, or try to. We show that under all circumstances, 
they are mistaken, that their opportunities were not such 
as to enable them to swear creditably to the identity — 
never having seen the man before he was brought before 
the magistrate. 

We also have to defend his brother-in-law for burglary, 
who will also be tried next week. He is a d — d scoun- 
drel. Various are the experiences as it seems to me, no man 
knows half the wrongs or half the villainies perpetrated 
by one-half of mankind upon the other, unless he has 
such experience. 

As to our old friends and true friends at college, I am 
partially in the dark. Old Dan, to whom God gave one 
of his best souls, is no more, as you no doubt are aware. I 
received a letter sometime since from Dan Jones, of 
Brookville, Ind., stating that old Mac. was flourishing, 
making money rapidly and engaged in the practice of the 
law in California and was a Whig candidate for the Legis- 
lature at the first election under the constitution. Crews 
is in Missouri, reading law. The glorious Order is still 
flourishing according to all accounts. If possible I shall 
go to Canonsburg next commencement. 

Mr. Conn says to me that you are doing well, flourish- 
ing, news not more acceptable than in accord with my 
best and long continued wishes for your welfare. I regret 
very much indeed that you were not able to come down 
and spend the evening preceding the 24th June here — 
for you would have been most welcome then, as ever. You 



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JAMES ELLIOTT 193 

will please excuse haste, and write at length, as soon as 
convenient. 

I am yours, Sam, in * * * 

James Elliott. 

P. S. — I saw Quay in Wellsville very unexpectedly 
last May. He promised to write soon but I have not as 
yet heard from him. He said he was going to Rochester 
soon. — J. E. 

Steubenville, O., August 15, 1852 

Dear Sam — Your very kind and welcome letter of the 
22d July last, was duly received, and of course recalled to 
memory the pleasing reminiscences of bygone days. I 
would gladly have answered it long before this time had 
not the force of circumstances prevented my doing so. In 
fact for the last two weeks I have been engaged in pre- 
paring our business in the "District Court" (a new court 
with us and next to the highest in the State), and in 
attendance thereon. And you know that while the cares of 
the law are pressing one seldom feels in the mood for 
epistolary writing. But now that we are about through 
with it, I have determined, "wheder or no," to send you 
a few lines greeting to perform a duty which I, too, "owe 
to a true and tried friend,"' and a duty rendered the more 
pleasant, because with the name of that friend are associa- 
ted the recollections of my halcyon days — days that will 
ever remain in the green spots in the desert of life. 

I am much pleased indeed to learn that you are borne 
onward in that current in the stream of human affairs 
that leads to the enjoyment of all our dearest efforts in 
the field of study. But at the same time I am not sur- 
prised because I have ever regarded your success in the 
profession as fixed beyond the hazard of a doubt. 

I have been in the practice since the first of January 
last only, and I cannot flatter myself that success is yet 
a "fixed fact" by any means. Whether my good fortune 
shall continue long as in that future which is so fruitful in 
disappointments, that to trust to it would be most foolish 
indeed. Like you, I once set my sails for the Northwest, 



194 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

but unexpected ill health kept me here for a while, and I 
finally concluded to complete my studies here and go into 
the practice instanter. The practice in this county is 
tolerably good — the profession here being as represented 
, by Dan Webster once, "plenty of room above but crowded 

like hell below." 

A grand convention of our "Association" came off at 
Pittsburgh on the 5th of this month, of which I suppose 
you were informed and were present. I have understood 
that some were desirous of moving the "Grand Chapter" 
to some college in Virginia as being more central ! This 
surely would be a very great error and I suppose the prop- 
osition would not be entertained by our Jefferson brethern 
for a moment. From all accounts the association seems 
to be in a flourishing condition, and has now lived long 
enough to insure a career honorable and gratifying as 
well to us who were the pioneers in the undertaking as 
to those who enjoy the inestimable pleasure of meeting 
around the genial fireside in "midnight conclave." 

Do you ever hear from any of our old friends now? 
McCarty, Fletcher and others. I have not heard from 
old Mac, immediately, since he left St. Joseph on his way 
to California. I received a letter this spring from Dan 
Jones, of Brookville; "Mac" was then in California, but 
in what part Dan did not say. As to Penington, I am 
wholly in the dark. I have not heard of him since we 
left Canonsburg, except perhaps, a rumor now and then. 
I presume he is making his mark somewhere. Frank 
Houston I learn was hung in Sacramento City. You 
have a circle of "1 — g e — rs" about you I suppose (Wilson, 
J. H. Brown, W. G. and perhaps others) who no doubt 
contribute to your enjoyment. Browning of the Class of 
*47, is residing in this place and in the grocery business. 
Whether there is any natural affinity existing between the 
paths of Classics and Literature one treads at college, 
and those dull ones strewn with sugar and molasses, I 
can't say, but rather suppose it seems not so to a man — 
in a law office. De gusttbus non disputandum. 



JAMES ELLIOTT 195 

Our district court closes today. We have this morning 
for argument a fVrit of Error in a criminal case, an in- 
dictment for robbery. Our principal point is, that, under 
our statutes, there is no constructive taking from the per- 
son — that an actual severance must be proven. How it 
will be decided, I cannot say. Our points are well taken, 
I believe. 

Let me hear from you as soon as convenient. 

Yours as always J as. Elliott. 



CHAPTER V 

ELLIS BAILEY GREGG 

THE Greggs in America have a distinguished 
genealogy. It includes the name of "Rob Roy," 
the celebrated Robert MacGregor Campbell whom 
Scott has immortalized; and claims as its progenitor 
none less than Kenneth MacAlpine, king of the Scots 
and Picts from 843-859. David MacGregor, a direct 
descendant of Kenneth MacAlpine, was a captain in 
Cromwell's army, and was sent at the head of twenty 
thousand Protestants to the North of Ireland where 
he was killed in the religious war of 1689. A pro- 
script of Queen Mary disbanded the clan and threat- 
ened death to any who bore the name, whereupon John, 
the son of Captain MacGregor, assumed the name of 
Gregg. Later, this John Gregg, the great-great-grand- 
father of Ellis Bailey Gregg, fled from persecution to 
America and settled in Pennsylvania. The family crest 
and coat of arms shown here, embodies the lion's head 
with antique crown, and shield with sword and crown 
crossed by a Scotch fir tree, and above the Gaelic motto 
Srioghal Mo Dhream (My race is royal). 

Ellis Bailey Gregg, the fifth in a family of nine chil- 
dren of Aaron and Maria Seaton Gregg, was born in 
Carmichaels, Pennsylvania, August 17, 1827. His 
father was a man of some means, proprietor of a general 
store in Carmichaels to which he transported his mer- 
chandise on his own wagons from Philadelphia. 

[196] 





1848 



ELLIS BAILEY GREGG 197 

Ellis was sent to school at Green Academy, Waynes- 
burg, not far from his home, where he came under the 
influence of an alumnus of Jefferson College, one 
Joshua Loughran, principal of the Academy, through 
whose loyalty to his alma mater many of the Green 
Academy boys entered Jefferson. Among them, Gregg, 
graduating in the spring of 1846, filled with the deter- 
mination of preparing for a legal career, matriculated 
at Jefferson with the famous class of '48. 

Though the meagre records at hand reveal almost 
nothing of Gregg's activity in the "Delta Association," 
we may trust the word of Bishop McLaren that Gregg 
was a man of warm and generous nature, very popular 
and inclined to look on the bright side of things, and 
that he always spoke with enthusiasm of the happiness 
with which the little band of '48 sought in silence and 
secrecy to carry out the principles of the system they 
had devised. 

We are in possession of his Franklin Society diploma, 
and of the manuscripts of two orations delivered be- 
fore the gentlemen of that august body, as evidence of 
his earnest application to his chosen profession of the 
forum. 

Bishop McLaren also tells us that after graduation 
he loved to linger inter sylvas academic and the records 
of 1849 mention numerous postgraduate visits to the 
Grand Chapter. 

Gregg's seems to have been a warm-hearted, affec- 
tionate nature. A pathetic episode in his life is record- 
ed in B. F. Ray's letter of January 25, 1849, to Elliott: 

Gregg has lately met with a sore affliction. He had a 
little nephew who was left under his especial care by his 
mother, who died when he was a mere infant. Ellis took 



198 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

him, reared and educated him, and formed for him a 
feeling of love such as you know Gregg susceptible of 
forming. But all the ties of love vt^hich he had entwined 
around him would not protect him from the doors of hu- 
manity. Death broke in twain the cords of love. 

Another object of his affection was addressed in some 
lines on "Beauty" discovered among his papers: 

Give me the face 
That's warm — that lives — that breathes — made radiant 
By an informing spirit from within. 
Give me the face that varies with the thought 
That answers to the heart, and seems the while 
With such a separate consciousness endued 
That, as we gaze, we can almost believe 
It is itself a heart and of itself 
Doth heave and palpitate. And such is hers. 
One need but look on, to converse with her — 
Oft I, without one thought of weariness 
Have sat and gazed on her for hours. And oft 
As I have listened to her voice and marked 
The beautiful flash of her fine dark eye 
And the eloquent beaming of her face 
And the tremulous glow that, when she spake 
Pervaded her whole being — I have dreamed 
A spirit held communion with me there 
And could have knelt to worship. 

The given name only of the maiden to whom the 
lines on "Beauty" were addressed was written by Gregg. 
It is passing strange after more than half a century had 
elapsed, with no other clue than the words "Miss 
Maggie," that it was at all possible to ascertain the 
identity of the lady. I found her a widow, living in 
the twilight alone, except for one or two servants, in a 
delightful old home in Washington. She remembered 
Ellis Gregg as a man of ordinary height, with light 



ELLIS BAILEY GREGG 199 

hair and blue eyes and very delicate looking, and 
that he was very gentlemanly in his appearance, very 
quiet and modest, and of a retiring disposition. 

Immediately after graduation, Gregg entered the 
law office of the Honorable Thomas M. McKenna at 
Washington, Pennsylvania. The certificate of his ad- 
mission to attorneyship in November, 1850, signed by 
McKennan, is now in the fraternity archives. The 
paper is addressed to the Honorable Judges of the Court 
of Common Pleas in and for the County of Washington, 
Pennsylvania, and certifies that Ellis B. Gregg had dili- 
gently studied the law for a period of two years since 
his arrival at twenty-one years of age and that he is a 
gentleman of integrity and good moral character. To 
this the committee on examinations, James Watson, 
William Montgomery, and A. W. Acheson, being unan- 
imously assured of Gregg's qualifications, affixed their 
signatures February 17, 1851 ; and finally James Brown, 
clerk of the courts, over his signature, on February 22d, 
authorized Ellis B. Gregg to practice law as an attor- 
ney in the courts of Washington County. 

Immediately after his admission to the bar, Gregg 
removed to Peoria, Illinois, where he had some distant 
kin. After spending a short time in acquainting him- 
self with Illinois laws, he began to practice. His pro- 
fessional card — see illustration — is in the archives. 

In Peoria he was one of the organizers of Temple 
Lodge F. and A.M. 

One of D. H. Goodwillie's reminiscences is that 
Gregg "gave signs of poor health while at college and 
of early decay." Shortly after locating in Peoria, his 
health failed and he became despondent. He was 
taken ill in August, 1852, and returned home for a 



200 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

short rest. The following March he resumed his 
practice at Peoria, but he was unable to continue it. In 
October he returned again to his parents and remained 
with them until a fistula, after an unsuccessful opera- 
tion, caused his death on December i8, 1854, aged 
twenty-seven years and four months. 

Ellis Bailey Gregg's mother was very fond of flowers. 
During his illness the son spent much time in the old- 
fashioned garden, assisting the mother in its care. There 
is a pathetic and minor tone to the last chord of his 
life. The grief stricken parents, with a love that 
would not let him go, buried their boy in the mother's 
garden beneath the daffodils and the heliotrope and 
mignonette. 

After the father and mother had both passed on, the 
body of the son was exhumed, and now the three sleep 
together in the Laurel Point cemetery in Carmichaels. 
His grave, for over half a century, has been marked 
by a plain marble slab with the inscription. 
ELLIS B. GREGG 
Born August 17th, 1827 
Died December i8th, 1854 
Age 27 years, 4 months 
I day 

Because of veneration for the age of the stone, the 
Board of Archons unanimously decided that no other 
marker should be placed at the grave, and so there has 
simply been carved after the name the words: "One 
of the founders of Phi Gamma Delta." 

Knowing his fondness for the Elegy, and realizing 
the desperate despondency which possessed his soul 
during his last days, one standing to-day at the grave of 
Ellis Bailey Gregg and looking about the country town, 
feels the lines of Gray strangely significant: 



c;^^-^«^. 




MacGregor Coat 
OF Arms 



ELLIS BAILEY GREGG 201 

The curfew tolls the knell of parting day. 

The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea. 
The plowman homeward plods his weary way. 

And leaves the world to darkness and to me. 



Perhaps in this neglected spot is laid 

Some heart once pregnant with celestial fire; 

Hands, that the rod of Empire might have sway'd. 
Or wak'd to ecstacy the living lyre. 

Some village Hampden, that with dauntless breast 
The little tyrant of his field withstood; 

Some mute, inglorious Milton here may rest. 

Some Cromwell guiltless of his country's blood. 



No farther seek his merits to disclose 

Or draw his frailties from their dread abode; 

(There they alike in trembling hope repose) 
The bosom of his Father and his God. 

The sprightly vivacity of the letters which follow 
assures us that Gregg's short life was passed under no 
such clouding handicaps as darkened the brief span of 
Dan Crofts. 

LETTERS OF ELLIS BAILEY GREGG 

Carmichaels, Pa., July i8th, '48. 
Brother Delta: 

What are students' promises ? Are they not vanity, yea, 
more than vanity. I expected ere this to have received 
several epistles, but where are they? Echo answers, 
where? They are certainly not "with the things that 
were" nor yet with the things that are, but be with those 
to come. The remarks apply very well to me, as this is 
only the second letter I have written since my return 
from college. I had postponed writing to you till I had 
almost forgotten that there was such a "piece of humanity" 
as yourself in God's footstool — No ! Heaven forbid 



202 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

that I should ever forget you, a fellow student — a Frank- 
lin, and, above all, a Delta. When shall I forget the 
many happy social hours we spent together at Old Jeffer- 
son ? When shall my brother Delta be forgotten ? When 
an angel shall come forth from the throne of God and 
with one foot on the sea and one on the land, lift up his 
hand towards Heaven and swear by Heaven's Eternal — 
Time is. Time was, but Time shall be no longer! Then 
and not till then shall I forget them. 

Burns says — 

And by those hieroglyphics bright 
Which none but craftsmen ever knew (luear) 
Strong memory on my heart shall write 
Those happy scenes when far away. 

But Jim — you know I always was a d d poor 

hand at moral-izing. So let us revert to matter-of-fact. 
Well ! first and foremost to begin with, Mr. William Y. 
Brown (a young man of superior qualifications) now 
principal of Beaver Academy, was married on the "glori- 
ous Fourth of July" to Miss Mary Ann Stoakes. He 
had a brother and sister married on the same day (not to 
each other, of course). "That is what I call hurrying 
up them cakes." Brown has, by this time, enjoyed some 
of the "sunshine of life." 

Old Ben received a letter from Bro. John H. Mathers 
about ten days since; he was well, and was much sur- 
prised that Bro. Penington did not get a "diploma." 
Who was not? Your letter to Old Ben came to hand 
by due course of mail ; I was much pleased to hear from 
you ; glad that you are for Old Zack, the people's candi- 
date — "Our cause is our country, our candidate its gal- 
lant defender." 

I have received a letter from Old "Mac." He arrived at 
Cincinnati on Sunday after we parted. He says that he 
made a stump speech for Old Rough and Ready since he 
got home. I was afraid "Mac" would not go for Old 
Zack because General Taylor did not give them much 






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Facsimile of Gregg's Lixes on '"Beauty" fouxd ix his Desk 
IX Peoria ix 1852 



ELLIS BAILEY GREGG 203 

credit for bravery at the battle of Buena Vista, which 
bored "Mac" essentially. 

I wrote a long letter to Bro. Crews a few weeks since 
— look for an answer in a few days — I dunned him for 
the three bits he got at the Eagle Saloon ! ! ! 

I have been around visiting a good deal since I got 
home, viz.: Uniontown, Brownville, Waynesburg, etc, 
etc. I will go to Uniontown this winter to study law 
or else to the west on a visit (doubtful). I anticipate 
a good time at the Washington commencement this fall. 
I shall be there and then go over to Old Jefferson for a 
few days. Mr. McDaniel got the nomination for con- 
gress in that county, but declined on account of business 
matters. Mr. Reed is now the candidate. I believe "I 
have nothing more to add." Old Ben sends his best re- 
spects and begs pardon for not answering your letter, as 
he is now harvesting. Give my respects to G. W. Mit- 
chell; tell him I expect to see him at the Washington 
Comm. I now suffer to bid you 

Farewell and if forever, then forever 
Fare ye well. 
I subscribe myself Yours with respect, 

Ellis B. 

Write, by all means, and soon at that. 
James Elliott, Jr., Mt. Pleasant, Ohio. 

Washington, Pa., October 25, 1849. 
Esteemed Friend: 

I hope, dear sir, that you will excuse the liberty that I 
have taken in addressing you so soon after seeing you vis- 
a-vis, but being somewhat given to ennui I thought of the 
idea of whiling away a few moments in writing to you. I 
find myself in a serious mood, as my former friend B. F. 
Ray would express it, somewhat "solemncholy." Do not 
imagine that I have the "blues" and am possessed of what 
is aptly called the green-eyed monster. No. If I was I 
could soon find a "balm in Gilead," an antidote could 
soon be obtained in the — jug, which is a poor man's 
friend, the mourner's consolation, a "cordial" for our 



204 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

woes. But as we are daily admonished of the shortness 
and instabih'ty of all things earthly, so to-night I have a 
monitor before me which speaks the same language {e. g.) 
that all worldly things shall disappear in "smoke" and in 
the end nothing remain but the "ashes." Young as you 
are, ere this you have experienced the bitter thoughts (for 
you, too, have learned that man was made to mourn) 
which spring up in his soul, when about to be separated 
forever (for there is no doubt in this case) from a well 
tried friend, a friend who has always stuck closer to you 
than a brother and has been, as the Bible expresses it, 
"Mouth and Wisdom to you," and you know, surely, how 
this feeling is heightened when about to be parted from the 
last of the "kind" and there are no more of the "same sort 
left" to help you on your journey through this land of 
"asses-milk and wild honey." So I have a dear friend 
who is rapidly "consuming" and fast approaching its later 
end, its vitals are being consumed by the pestilence that 
walketh in darkness. But the "spark" has fled like the 
giant oak 

That once reared its mighty form 

Greened in the sun and strengthened in the storm 

disappearing, leaves nothing but the "stump" to tell of the 
past. So naught else remains of my companion. Now 
nothing remains for me to do but to write its epitaph 
Hie jacet my last segar, Requiescat in pace. 

I have a letter before me from our mutual friend, old 
Dan Crofts. He is flourishing about O, K. He sends 
his best to you. I should be pleased to have Jim Logan 
here this winter. I think that he could read one year at 
least here and then read under Fletcher afterwards; by 
that time he could form an opinion of Fletcher's prospects 
for the future. And while I think of it, do you know 
where Logan got the chains fixed to his Delta pin ? I wish 
to get mine fixed in the same style. From present appear- 
ances it is doubtful whether I can visit Canonsburg until 
after court — which will be about a month yet — I would 
like for you to come at the court term and remain several 









Gregg's Professional Card 



ELLIS BAILEY GREGG 205 

days. I think it would be profitable to you, or, in other 
words, "it would pay well." In the meantime, let me 
hear from you in the shape of a long letter. Give my best 
to all the Deltas and also to Squire Riddle and McAfee, 
Prescott and Bob Long. But I must close. Believe me 
to be yours truly, 

Ellis B. Gregg. 

Washington^ Pa., Jan'y ist, 1850. 
James Elliott, Esq. : 

This being a holiday, and, having naught else to put 
the day in at, I came to the conclusion of dropping you a 
few lines. Circumstances that have transpired since our 
separation at Canonsburg had forced me to the determina- 
tion of never penning another line to you. I refer to 
your total and uncourteous neglect to answer any of the 
unworthy communications that I had seen fit to send you. 
I had, indeed, expected "better things" of you, but now, 
since "actions speak louder than words," I must confess 
my own disappointment in the opinion I had formed of 
you. I will adhere, therefore, to the determination I had 
formed thus far that I now can only address you as a 
"Delta" and not as a friend "known and tried." I shall 
therefore address you as one of the founders of that young 
but still glorious order. 

Not long since I was favored with a visit from Bros. 
Crews and S. B. Wilson. Upon consultation it was de- 
termined upon for the original founders of the order to 
hold a meeting and to consult upon the future welfare of 
the order, and also make all alterations, additions, etc., to 
our constitution that the past has demonstrated necessary. 
One very important object will be the correcting and 
printing of our constitution. No doubt but that you can 
see the propriety of having it printed, and that, too, in a 
neat and elegant form. I also suggest the propriety of 
having printed blank charters, power of legate, blank 
petitions, etc. And then when we wish to establish a 
chapter at any college, and when we have a wish expressed 
at any college for a chapter, we can forward a blank peti- 



2o6 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

tion to the college ; it can then be filled up, five signatures 
procured, and then forwarded to the grand chapter at 
Canonsburg; then the charter can be filled up and for- 
warded to the college with a copy of the printed consti- 
tution and the commission or power of legate can then be 
sent to some old member and authorize him to organize 
the chapter. Or else the charter, constitution, commission 
of legate can all be forwarded to the person appointed 
legate. For my part I prefer the latter plan, for then 
there will be no danger, as the constitution will be in 
safe hands, viz. : some old member, as they are always ap- 
pointed legate. Bro. Sam B. Wilson suggests the expedi- 
ency of having printed also a "book of forms." I heartily 
favor the proposition. In this book we could have the 
form of organizing new chapters, installing officers, ini- 
tiating members, form of chapters, form of minutes, etc. 
And by furnishing a copy to the 11 of each chapter there 
would be more system, form and unity among the several 
chapters. New chapters and new officers would then feel 
no embarrassment, no difficulty in the performance of 
duties, etc. 

Bro. Wilson also suggested the necessity of establishing 
degrees, so that no member could possess a pin until the 
evening before he graduates, and that then it must be 
decided by ballot whether he is worthy to become a 
"Delta" in the full meaning of the term. I think this 
would have a very beneficial influence in stimulating the 
members to the fulfilling of their vows and the performing 
of all their duties. I would humbly suggest the propriety 
of an article admitting old graduates or alumni of respect- 
able colleges. One reason is that by this we could get in 
some good members, and, if we should ever think proper, 
we could invite some of them to come and address us. But 
the other reason, and I think it a very important one, is 
this — you are fully aware that the opinion about Can- 
onsburg is the order was founded by McCarty, and that 
it was founded in 1848, and, of course, they think it is but 
a temporary and local aflair. Well, I think by introduc- 




Tombstone of Ellis B. Gregg 



ELLIS BAILEY GREGG 207 

ing the clause referred to we could dispel the idea — for 
if Arnold Clark, T. H. Wilson, etc., would happen to 
see some one at commencement wearing a pin who had 
graduated ten or fifteen years ago, they would certainly 
think that they had been mightily draiun. About the 
time and place of our proposed meeting, I have nothing to 
say, but prefer leaving it to you and others to determine. 
If you should think fit to answer this, please state time 
and place that would suit you and give me your opinions 
fully and unreserved upon all the points touched at, and, 
in conclusion, I have the pleasure of subscribing myself 
yours in Mystic Brotherhood 

E. B. Gregg, Washington, Pa. 
To James Elliott. 

Washington, Pa., January i, 1850. 
To Thomas W. B. Crews. 
Dear Tom: 

When I returned here I found awaiting in the P. O. a 
letter from our old and mutual friend, "Sam B." Wilson. 
A great part if not all the letter was taken up with the 
consideration of those which we three were conversing 
about when you and "Sam B." were with me. The fol- 
lowing is the substance of his letter: "It seems that the 
Deltas have received a petition requesting a charter for 
the establishment of a chapter at the University of Ten- 
nessee. It is certainly a great pity that our contemplated 
improvement, particularly the printing of the constitution, 
could not be effected before complying with petition. But, 
of course, the thing is impossible." He says that he has 
received letters from Crofts and Elliott and that both are 
strongly in favor of the proposed meeting. The time he 
suggests is about the time that Elliott returns from Mary- 
land next spring. For my own part I think that that time 
will suit better than any other, so if that time is agreed 
upon you will at once see the propriety and necessity of at 
once raising the necessary funds for defraying the expenses 
of printing, etc. I desire that the matter be first brought 



2o8 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

before your chapter rather than here. Do so immediately 
and inform our r by letter and we will bring the matter 
before this chapter. I hope that you will see the necessity 
of immediate action as "Sam B." is utterly opposed to me 
until a sufficient sum is raised for all necessary purposes. 
"Sam B." also suggests several important additions, etc., 
but of this hereafter. In great hopes that you will speed- 
ily attend to this matter, I remain with respect, 

Your brother Gregg. 

Remember me to Spencer. 

To T. W. B. Crews, Canonsburg. 

Washington, Pa., February 17th, '50. 
T. W. B. Crews, Esq. : 

Dear Sir — I crave a thousand pardons for not writ- 
ing to you much sooner, but, believe me, circumstances 
beyond my possible control, together with a "want of 
time" have compelled me to defer, or, I might say, forbid 
my writing to you sooner. Want of time you may think 
is a new word in my dictionary. Well, as to that matter, 
I acknowledge the corn. But the truth of the matter is 
that we have some meeting, gathering or something 
of the kind every evening in the week, and as I put 
in all the time from 8 a.m. till 5 p.m. in the office, attend 
preaching one night out of the seven, dancing school four 
nights in a week, institute lecture one night, law lyceum 
one night, which make, I believe, the seven; and then we 
have the meetings of the sewing society, missionary society, 
singing society, social prayer meetings, etc., for variety 
sake- So, judging from the above programme, you must 
certainly see that my time is very nearly all taken up, and 
if I should (as I have in this case) be rather slow in reply- 
ing to your letters, I hope that you will attribute my 
apparent neglect to the right cause. In your last letter (en- 
closing $15) you intimate that S. T. Campbell has not 
been initiated into the order yet, but you give no reason 
why he is not. Was it his fault or the society's wish 
that he should not be received. In your next be so kind 
as to give the particulars of the affair and also the present 



^^t.,^€C *^ C^-i^-y- ^^^ /^Sl' /?<C.«— -x- <i':/C<- iL^y^L^...^>>~e.'-'<. 

<>/(ftri^ /A^t^ ^^^ a^^^ -^ZZ:!.^ /fe vu-b^^-^^A" 

^*c^ ^J-t-c-cy /d^r-ci,^ ':2<y ^^i-c-u-,,^^ Ct.yd£c^-rj Cit-^^^i^ 




^Ka^/u . .<?' '^^J^ /k-^L^^. iZZ~-^^ i-f^L^..^ C£«...<_^'V- <V<t,^cX^-«,^ 

'-yy/- r?'""*^ '5&^ ;^' '•^ ' ./^^-^-f^/i'^ "''^^ - _ y^''''*^^ ^^ 

Facsimile of Writing Fouxn ix Gregg's Desk ix Peoria 

IX 1852 



ELLIS BAILEY GREGG 209 

conditions and future prospects of the "Delta Association" 
at Jefferson College. Since my "last" to you I have received 
letters from Ray, Sam B. Wilson and Jim Elliott, the one 
from the latter person is a singular affair; indeed, I hope 
that I will not forget to show it to you when you come 
over. The one from Sam B. Wilson was principally con- 
cerning the proposed change of the constitution. Old 
Ben has left Glasgow and is at Hazel Green. This is 
certainly an age of progress as well as of improvement. 
Behold, for instance, three "secret societies" at Washing- 
ton College. Not many developments yet made ; at a 
future period I will give both what I know and what may 
hereafter be brought to light. 

Allow me to say that the Deltas have made a "march" 
on them — we have now twelve or fifteen first rate fel- 
lows. I hope that the committee at Somerset will hurry up 
the revision so that we can make our arrangements about 
the establishment of many more divisions, or, as I should 
say, chapters, I have many questions to ask you. Such as : 
How is the chapter in Tennessee progressing? Who is 
the Franklin select? What are our prospects for contest? 
etc. But postponing any more, as I expect to see you soon 
for, if I understand you right, you are to come over to 
court, which commences on to-morrow. I have no doubt 
but that you will be well paid for your time and money. 
There will be seven important cases up — one for murder, 
one for manslaughter, fornication, rape, etc. But expect- 
ing to see you soon I will close for the present, but re- 
main as ever, Your sincere friend and brother "Delta," 

E. B. Gregg. 
To T. W. B. Crews, Canonsburg. 

N. B. — Give my respects to Bro. Spencer. Please 
hand the written note to Mr. Patrick. You can read it, 
and if he don't come you can bring or send the articles. 

In Gregg's letter of October 25, 1849, written to 
Crews, reference is made to the style of having a chain 
attached to the pin. This chain arrangement can be 



210 



HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 



seen in the portrait of Crews. It has been only a few 
years since the use of attaching a chain to the pin was 
abandoned. The custom up to about 1898 was to have 
a chain from the pin attached to a stick pin showmg 
the Greek letter or letters of the chapter to which the 
wearer belonged. 



CHAPTER VI 

DANIEL WEBSTER CROFTS 

IN 1810 John Crofts left his birthplace in Man- 
chester, England, to emigrate to America as a youth 
of eighteen. Eleven years later he married Jane Stev- 
enson, a girl of Irish parentage from County Antrim - 
the native place of McCarty's maternal grandparents. 
Of their ten children, the fourth was named after the 
greatest statesman of the time, Daniel Webster Crofts. 
He was born in Columbiana County on December 3, 
1828, a date which the Crofts family Bible corroborates. 

At this early date Ohio was of the forest primeval, 
and the daily life of a family of ten children on a fron- 
tier claim is quite beyond our comprehension today. 
Daniel was reared like other backwoods boys; it was 
early seen that he was not of a rugged constitution, and 
so it was decided that he should be given an education 
and not subjected to the outdoor hardships of a farm 
life. He was sent to a private school kept by a Mr. 
Holmes in New Lisbon, and then to a high school or 
academy at West Point, Ohio, where he succeeded in 
obtaining sufficient preparation to enter the freshman 
class of Jefferson College in 1844 before he was sixteen 
years of age. The general catalogue of Jefferson Col- 
lege states that Crofts was a student at the West Point 
Military Academy, an error, as will be seen by Crofts' 
letter to Elliott of May 29, 1848. 

The appearance of Crofts is given by a classmate, 

[211] 



212 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

Rev. William Y. Brown, D.D., as tall and slender, with 
a pale, sallow face. Dr. Brown remembered that he 
was a good student, kind to his friends, and a good hater 
of those whom he disliked. 

Wallace McCook Cunningham, Roanoke '02, who 
spent several months in the country around New 
Lisbon in railroad engineering, has been much inter- 
ested and very energetic in obtaining all possible in- 
formation, and gave me in 1908 the following most 
interesting picture of the community in which Crofts 
was reared: 

I spent four Sundays in the country expressly for the 
purpose of learning any facts that might aid you, but can 
give you scarcely anything definite. It is absolutely baf- 
fling. The oldest people in the general neighborhood — in- 
cluding a radius of some miles — or in Lisbon can give 
but little information. They, as a rule, were younger 
than Crofts, and those in the country sav^^ scarcely any- 
thing of him after he entered college, yet the glimpses 
thus gained were interesting, for, vague as they were, they 
confirmed the information sent to you in regard to the in- 
tellectual ability, high ideals and standards of Bro. Crofts. 
The only new ones sufficiently definite to quote were 
those of the Honorable Wilson Smith and his wife, who 
live within a few miles of the "old Crofts farm." This was 
a special pleasure to me, as a year ago this winter I was 
practically a member of their family for several months, 
while buying right-of-way for the Youngstown and Ohio 
Railroad, and found them to be of the very highest stand- 
ards socially and otherwise, people upon whose opinion 
and judgment I would place absolute reliance. Incident- 
ally, I may add that they are the grandparents of Wilson 
S. Chamberlain, of our Wooster chapter. 

Mr. Smith remembers "Dan" Crofts, as he seems to 
have been known, as a young man of slender build, me- 
dium height or over, excellent features of an intellectual 




(/Qcx^'^jJb CO ^nr^>-j^ 



1848 



DANIEL WEBSTER CROFTS 213 

cast, rather handsome in fact, dignified but affable in man- 
ner, of high ideals and unusual ability. He was well 
thought of, in demand on all social occasions, and regard- 
ed as a young man of ability and one certain to make his 
mark in the world. 

I may add that that section of our country was one of 
the first sections west of the mountains to be settled and 
that at that time it was rich and populous and had many 
strong families of fine social qualities, in fact the life was 
much like plantation life in many sections of the south. 
Lack of railroad or trolley communication until the pres- 
ent year naturally caused a slow decline so that now 
the population is actually less than in Dan Crofts's boy- 
hood, the better families pretty well scattered and the 
finer life of that earlier day almost forgotten. These 
changes have rendered the task of learning anything of 
Dan Crofts's life especially difficult. 

When he was graduated it was natural that he should 
be drawn to New Lisbon, only six miles from his home, 
and then the largest town in this corner of the state. New 
Lisbon at that time had already passed the period when it 
was one of the best towns west of Pittsburgh ; but still was 
a place of some importance and contained more young 
men and boys who were afterwards to attain greater 
prominence than any other town of like size in America. 
The life was quiet, of course. There is very little to re- 
cord in the life of anyone who lived here then, but I 
find that in the midst of such a goodly company of strong, 
able young men he shortly became a recognized leader in 
social and musical circles, and as he was quietly applying 
himself to the study of law and preparing himself for a 
future that was not to be his, he was regarded as a young 
man of marked promise, of fine intellectual ability and 
high character, and, in short, gave to all the impression 
that was entirely to his credit as a student, a gentleman, 
and a member of Phi Gamma Delta. 

In addition to the bar examination and other papers, 
which I trust you received, and the brief testimony of 



214 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

Mr. Joseph Bennett, of Lisbon, and of the late Kersey 
Hanna, of Cleveland and Lisbon, agreeing in substance 
with that of Honorable Wilson Smith, I can give scarcely 
anything definite. Everything else v^^as like the greater 
part of the testimony of the country people, merely frag- 
mentary, confirming but not increasing the more definite 
accounts, except that Mrs. Wilson Smith remembers as a 
girl considerably younger than Crofts, of hearing a great 
deal of him during a visit to New Lisbon and has a par- 
ticularly strong recollection of how well some of the 
girls of the best families thought of him and of several 
visits that a number of them afterwards made to see him 
at his home on the "old Crofts farm" by Rock Camp 
Run, about six miles south of New Lisbon, where he was 
ill there shortly before his departure for the south. 

There are no traces of the old Crofts house left ex- 
cept a part of the foundation, one old broken tree that was 
in the yard, and an unused well. It was on the main 
Lisbon-Liverpool road (Lisbon it was then, though, and 
East Liverpool had scarcely been settled) which at that 
point wound close along the precipitous, wild and beauti- 
ful gorge-like valley of Rock Camp Run, on a large and 
excellent farm, but in part quite broken and of an un- 
usual sort of irregular beauty for even our irregular sec- 
tion. There are no old photographs of the place, and I 
do not believe that any taken now would be of service. In 
fact I have described the place in the past tense, as within 
the last twelve months our railroad construction work has 
radically changed the appearance of things thereabouts. 

The Elliott letters disclose the fact that the faculty of 
Jefferson College and Daniel Webster Crofts were not 
on very cordial terms during Crofts' senior year, but do 
not indicate just what the trouble was. It will be noted 
from these letters that Crofts declared that he would 
refuse to accept his diploma from Jefferson. The fact 
remains, however, that Crofts' name was printed on the 
commencement program in 1848, and is registered to- 



DANIEL WEBSTER CROFTS 215 

day in the general catalogue of Washington and Jeffer- 
son College as a member of the Jefiferson class of 1848. 
It will also be noted from the letters of Crofts, the 
extreme bitterness which he had toward the faculty of 
Jefferson College. Immediately after leaving Canons- 
burg, he entered upon the career of a teacher. 

While teaching he proceeded to study law under 
Judge Vance of New Lisbon, Ohio. There has been 
obtained for the fraternity archives the document ap- 
pointing Daniel W. Crofts to the office of notary 
public in and for Columbiana County, Ohio. It is dated 
July II, 1849, and is signed by the governor of the 
state — Seabury Ford. The oath to discharge the 
duties of the appointment is in writing and is signed, 
"Dan'l W. Crofts." Crofts pursued his law duties and 
was admitted to practice on October 11, 1850, in the 
twenty-first year of his age. The document authoriz- 
ing him to practice as an "Attorney and Counselor at 
Law and Solicitor in Chancery in the Several Courts 
of Record of Ohio," has also been acquired for the 
archives. The examination for admittance was be- 
fore the superior court in and for the county of Jeffer- 
son at Steubenville. Elliott was also admitted to the 
bar at Steubenville, but not until January, 1852, over 
one year after Crofts was admitted. 

Just about the time Crofts was admitted to the bar, 
he was raised to the sublime degree of a Master Mason 
in the New Lisbon Lodge, F. & A. M. He was the 
last one of the founders to take Masonic degrees, hav- 
ing been too young when in Jefferson College. 

Poor Crofts seems to have lived in perpetual torment 
under the shadow of the Great White Plague which 
drove him on that long, lonely journey to Clinton, 



2i6 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

Louisiana, in the fall of '51 in quest of recuperation, 
and laid its fatal finger on him the 9th of January, 1852. 
I corresponded with Masons and court clerks in 
Clinton which resulted in the finding of the following 
interesting court record: 

To the Honorable the Judge of the Seventh District 
Court, holding sessions of the same in and for the Parish 
of East Feliciana and State of Louisiana: 

The petition of Robert C. Carman, of said Parish and 
State respectfully represents, that Daniel W. Crofts, Esq., 
has lately departed this life at the hotel kept by petitioner, 
in the town of Clinton in said Parish, that there are some 
effects belonging to said deceased, which ought to be 
inventoried. 

Petitioner further represents that he does not suppose 
that said effects would justify anyone in taking out letters 
of administration. Petitioner further represents that he 
has a privilege upon said effects. 

Wherefore petitioner prays that an inventory be order- 
ed, that the clerk of your Honorable Court administer 
said succession without the trouble or expense of a formal 
administration, that the effects of said succession be sold 
according to law for general relief. 

By E. T. Merrick, Attorney for Petitioner. 

The following inventory was accordingly made of 
Dan Crofts' worldly effects: 

One trunk, estimated at three dollars and fifty cents $3.50 
Thirty-one books, estimated at twelve dollars and 

fifty cents 12.50 

One portfolio, estimated at fifty cents .50 

Four pairs pantaloons, estimated at eight dollars 8.00 

Five coats, estimated at fifteen dollars 15.00 

Four vests, estimated at six dollars 6.00 

Seven shirts, estimated at three dollars 3.00 

Shaving utensils, estimated at one dollar i.oo 

One hat, estimated at one dollar i.OO 




Daxiel Webster Crofts 
Copied and enlarged from a daguerreotype taken in 1850 



DANIEL WEBSTER CROFTS 217 

Lot socks, undershirts, etc., at two dollars and 

fifty cents 2.50 

Lot boots and shoes, estimated at fifty cents .50 

Carpet bag, at one dollar i.OO 

One breast pin, at one dollar and fifty cents 1.50 



$56.00 
And SO it was that the Phi Gamma Delta pin bore its 
part in defraying the burial expenses of one of the 
founders. 

For a long time, patient search failed to reveal his 
grave. The task of finding it seemed almost hopeless, 
for no record of burials had been kept in Clinton. As 
a last resort, I put the meagre facts in my possession at 
the disposal of the Sullivan brothers, Robert W. of 
Denison and Charles of the University of Chicago, who 
spent the summer of 1909 in Louisiana. The results 
of their efforts while almost purely circumstantial are 
to me most positive. I give Robert Sullivan's report 
in full: 

Our telegram of this morning gave you the news of our 
discovery. The grave of Daniel Webster Crofts, un- 
known and unhonored for fifty-seven years, was found 
yesterday, the fourteenth day of February, by the Sullivan 
brothers, without question. 

Both Judge Kilbourne and the Rev. Lewis, when we 
first saw them yesterday, said that there was absolutely 
no chance of finding the grave. There are no cemetery 
records, no undertakers' records, no health records, no 
court records, which could in any way throw the light 
on Crofts's final resting place, and the oldest inhabitant 
has no recollection of the burial. 

Charles and I then went to the cemetery and made a 
careful search which resulted in the discovery. 

You will remember that Crofts died on the ninth of 
January, 1852, in a hotel kept by Robert C. Carman. In 



2i8 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

the cemetery near the entrance is a little mound, at the 
head of which is an old weather-beaten stone with this 
inscription : 

Hannah Louisa 

daughter of 

R. C. and E. M. Carman, 

born, Feb. 28, 1850 

died, May 27, 1852. 

And can it be that human mould 

Is but the dust it seems 

Just a few feet from this is another stone much larger 

and still well-preserved. It reads: 

Robert Clark Carman 
born in Delhi, Delaware Co., N. Y., 

Nov. 10, 1819. 
Departed this life, Nov. 21, 1855 
Aged 36 years, 11 days 
O weep not my wife, no longer repine. 
For in beauty transcendent your husband doth shine. 
But dry up your tears and prepare soon to come, 
To join in the praise of the Father and Son. 
On the opposite side of the stone is engraved: 
"Mark the perfect man and behold the upright, for the 
end of that man is peace." 

Oh ! ever thus from childhood's hours 
I've seen my fondest hopes decay; 
I never loved a tree nor flower 
But 'twas the first to fade away. 
Now within ten feet of this monument (see the map) 
there is a moss-covered pile of brick about three feet wide 
and six feet long similar to other piles of brick in the 
cemetery which mark graves. There is no stone at this 
grave, but its position marks it as a part of the Carman 
burial site. The position of this grave, its unknown 
identity, the character of Carman, the hotel keeper "per- 
fect and upright," together with other inferential evi- 
dence forced us to the conclusion that this was indeed the 
final resting-place of Daniel Webster Crofts. Is it not 



,^. 



DIA(^,RAM OF CEMETERY 



1 S 



on sT,ue-X 



flAIW ENTWAWfiE 



1. Grave of Hannah Louisa Carman. 

2. Monument of Robert C. Carman. 

3. Large Oak Tree. 

4. Grave of Daniel Webster Crofts. 



jVLap of Cemetery, Clixtox, La. 
Drawn b\' R. W. Sullivan, Deiiison 



DANIEL WEBSTER CROFTS 219 

a reasonable conclusion that Robert Carman becoming at- 
tached to Crofts, his sickly guest, recently come from so 
near his own birthplace and with but few years difference 
in age, buried him on his own lot? 

In order to establish myself in this conclusion I went to 
see General Packwood, the oldest living inhabitant of 
Clinton — except his wife, who is two years older. Gen- 
eral Packwood, it should be said, is not only the oldest 
living inhabitant with the exception noted, he is a veteran 
of the Civil War, a past-commander of the Confederate 
Veterans, past-master of the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, 
F. & A. M., and mayor of Clinton. Neither the general 
nor his wife could establish the identity of the brick-cov- 
ered grave, and both of them, it seems, have attended 
every funeral in and around Clinton for the past fifty 
years. After we had explained the circumstances of the 
case, they seemed to remember that Carman had buried a 
guest who had died in his hotel on his own lot, and agreed 
that the grave must be that of Crofts. 

There are no members of the Carman family left in 
Clinton. Years ago, Robert, junior, went to Texas, and 
has never been heard from. The old Carman hotel 
burned down a year ago, and nothing is left but ashes. 
The enclosed cards show the old Clinton court house and 
Masonic Temple, two of the buildings which Crofts must 
have seen. You will also find enclosed a little flower 
plucked for you from the grave of Daniel Webster Crofts. 
Fraternally yours, 

Robert W. Sullivan. 

The report of the Sullivans was sent to John Crofts, 
of East Liverpool, who, out of the dim recollections of 
the past, remembered that it was the Carmans who 
were responsible for the burial of his brother. There 
seemed, therefore, to be no doubt or question but that 
the final resting place of Crofts had been found. 

And so the last of the six graves of our founders was 



220 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

marked by a stone of Barrie granite shipped to Clinton 
with the inscription from the pen of Newton D. Baker: 

DANIEL WEBSTER CROFTS 
Born December 2, 1828 
in Columbiana County, Ohio 
Died January 3, 1852 

The College Fraternity of 
PHI GAMMA DELTA 
of which he was a founder 

cherishes his memory and 

testifies its gratitude for 

his love and service by the 

erection of this stone. 

The golden cord which bound the founders was bro- 
ken by the death of Daniel Webster Crofts. He died 
on January 9, 1852, aged twenty-three years, one month 
and six days. Ellis Bailey Gregg died December 18, 
1854, aged twenty-seven years, four months, and one 
day. John Templeton McCarty died on February 4, 
i860, aged thirty-one years, six months and twenty-four 
days. Naaman Fletcher died on December 20, 1864, 
aged forty years, nine months, and twenty-three days. 
James Elliott died on November 10, 1883, aged fifty- 
eight years, eleven months, and four days. Samuel 
Beatty Wilson died on January 17, 1889, aged sixty- 
four years, ten months, and twenty-eight days. 

The life of Daniel Webster Crofts was a spring-time 
full of promise and preparation, a summer of happiness 
and hope, an autumn of sorrow and sadness, and a win- 
ter of despair and death. 

After the death of Ellis Bailey Gregg, one of the "Im- 
mortal Six," a paper was found in his desk in Peoria, 
Illinois, upon which he had inscribed some lines dated 



DANIEL WEBSTER CROFTS 221 

April 16, 1852. Is it possible that Gregg upon the re- 
ceipt of the news of the death of Daniel Webster Crofts 
could have written these lines? 

Man is heir to what? To sorrow, pain 

And death. He is destined to die and to return 

To dust. The young, the aged and the 

Beautiful maiden, death nips in the bud. 

And beauty and grace become wedded to the tomb. 

Of equal intensity with his bitterness toward Jeffer- 
son's faculty appears to have been Crofts' love for 
Elliott and his interest in the welfare of the "Delta 
Association." His letters abound in biting irony and 
picturesque epithets. 

LETTERS OF DANIEL WEBSTER CROFTS 
West Point, May 29th, A. D. 1848. 
James Elliott, Jr., Mount Pleasant, Ohio: 

Dear Friend James — Do not understand me to say I 
am in West Point Military School — it is West Point, 
Ohio, Columbiana county. I left you and Ellis at Pitts- 
burg. I have been getting along finely — went immedi- 
ately to New Lisbon after I got home — spent about a 
week there — had a very pleasant time of it — saw all my 
acquaintances in that place, and found I had still some 
strong friends there. Am now rusticating about six miles 
from New Lisbon — a very pleasant country. Saw Wil- 
liam G. March the next day after I left you, told him 
how commencement had been distributed (to use an awk- 
ward phrase), and, I can assure you, William was a little 
got. Well, James, the "die is cast," and "Rubicon is 
passed," and I have come to the conclusion that I can get 
through this world without a diploma from Jefferson 
College. I expect to teach in New Lisbon this summer. 
I can raise plenty of scholars, I think, to justify me, the 
only thing I fear is the government of the school. Every 
boy in the town knows me full well. I shall be in town 



222 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

in a day or so to get circulars printed in the meantime. 
I have the most popular lawyer in the place electioneering 
for me, also Dr. George McCook is doing all he can for 
me. I think there will not be much difficulty in raising a 
good school, and I flatter myslf I can do more in that line 
than almost any other person. But I must tell you a little 
circumstance that the faculty of Jefferson College did. 
Before I left Canonsburg, alias Sodom, I told old Wil- 
liams that I expected to teach in New Lisbon this sum- 
mer. Well, in order to try to disappoint me they have 
written on to Dr. George McCook to see if they could 
not raise a school for Jacob Winters, but McCook sent 
them back poor encouragement, I can assure you, and is 
now using all his influence for me. Now this you would 
perhaps consider a little mean, contemptible, and despic- 
able ; so do I ; yet when I consider the men by whom it 
was perpetrated, I could expect nothing better. You might 
as well expect the waters of the Mississippi to flow back- 
ward in their channel, as to see anything good come from 
such despicable knaves, as well as fools, as they are. But, 
however I disregard them, I stand firmly supported in the 
consciousness of my own rectitude. And all their poisoned 
arrows hurled at my innocent head will come far short 
of the mark. "I curse the bond of blood by which they 
are united," may defeat and disappointment blast their 
every hope, and may their brightest anticipations never 
be realized. You have my prayer for Jefferson College. 
I wonder how the "Delta Association" is getting along. I 
hope she is still prospering and flourishing as well as be- 
fore we left. I hope she will ever prosper until she far 
excels the Beta Society in intellect and moral-worth as 
America now does the other nations of the globe, in the 
development of free principles. Then will the glorious 
object of its founders be accomplished. And then our an- 
ticipations will no longer be inane dreams, but stern real- 
ities. You have my prayer for the Delta Society. But I 
must let you know my future prospects, inasmuch as I con- 
fide in you as much as any brother I have. I am going to 



DANIEL WEBSTER CROFTS 223 

study law in New Lisbon under Joseph E. Vance, I expect 
to teach and read as much as I can at the same time, and he 
has assured me that after I am through reading with him 
he will take me into partnership, and give me one- 
third of all the profits of the oflice. He has an excellent 
practice, and it is increasing very fast. This is a good 
offer to make at first I think, however, I am as well ac- 
quainted with him as I am with you, and he would not 
make such an offer were it not that he is acquainted with 
me. Well, James, I am getting lazy. You will, there- 
fore, have to excuse me. You know, as well as I, that it 
is hard on the flesh to write a letter when the temperature 
is lOO** Fah. I shall be at commencement for anything 
that I know of yet, but you must not be disappointed 
should I not be there. Something may take place that 
will render it impossible for me to be there. If I am not 
there I am not agoing to act Quay with you. Your friend 

D. W. Crofts. 
James Elliott. 

P. S. — I wish you would write to me before commence- 
ment, once at least. 

New Lisbon^ July 3, 1848. 
Dear Friend James: 

Your favor came duly to hand, and I am very happy to 
hear from you and the Deltas in general. I can not ex- 
press to you in words the happiness I feel in hearing of the 
success of that noble association. Yet in days that are 
to come it will be said that J. T. McCarty, S. B. Wilson, 
N. Fletcher, E. B. Gregg, James Elliott and D. W. 
Crofts were its founders. Oh ! what a noble band they 
now constitute — there is Fletcher, Pershing, Ray, Bar- 
rett, Woodrow, T. B. Wilson, Mathers, the flower of 
Jeff. Coll. Where is Betaism? It is gone, and not a 
vestige remains to point out where the proud fabric once 
stood. Well James, I am writing this letter after dinner 
upon Sunday. I have regaled myself with a few of those 
vegetables called onions. I feel somewhat disposed to go 
asleep, as you know they frequently "so?nnum suadebunt 



224 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

inire" but to come to the point, I "opine" that the days 
of Jeff. Coll. are numbered, that she is bound to go down, 
and this opinion, I think, is not unfounded; the report 
has gone forth to the world that the institution is on the 
decline, and when such an opinion prevails, her doom is 
sealed. God speed the day is my fervent prayer. I will 
tell you what / think of Jeff. Coll., it is absolutely be- 
neath the dignity of any one even to mention her name. 
I consider it so perfectly insignificant that I never shall 
stoop so low as to take a diploma. From the success of 
the Deltas I think ere long, that in every land and every 
clime, we can grasp the hand of a brother, a kindred 
spirit. May the time soon arrive when they will be spread 
all over the earth. Then will our bright anticipations no 
longer be inane dreams but stern realities. I expect to 
pay Canonsburg a short visit about the last of September, 
1848, and if you can so arrange it, I would be very happy 
to see you there at the same time. 

In regard to the prospects of my school, I think they 
are very flattering. I have ten classical scholars now, 
tomorrow morning I will receive some of the fair sex, 
perhaps six or seven, and in the course of a week or so, I 
will have some six or seven males more. It is my firm 
conviction that the school in this place can be made worth 
$600.00 in a short time. In the fall I will have about 
fifteen classical scholars, you need not think many of them 
will be sent to Jeff. Coll. I have taken some pains to in- 
jure the college in old Columbiana county, and I find the 
prevailing opinion is that the Coll. is going down, the 
administration of A. B. Brown is looked upon as a bore. 
They will find hereafter, that this county will not be so 
strongly represented. I know not for what reason, but it 
appears very evident to me that some of the Deltas are 
not as strong friends of mine as they pretended to be 
whilst I was at Coll. Since I left there, you are the only 
one I have heard from, I know not what reason to assign 
for it except that they wish to cut my acquaintance. If 
such be the case, I must say I have been grossly deceived 



'^^ssy^.^^^j „„,- 



K1i8OeW0ECEMBO3J8Zi 




The Tombstone of Daniel Webster Crofts 



DANIEL WEBSTER CROFTS 225 

in some men there. I wrote to J. T. McCarty during 
senior vacation, not a syllable have I received from him. 
They certainly know my address. They have some ex- 
cuse for not writing, but if they are ever going to, it is 
about time I was hearing from them. The old man and 
I had a little quarrel since I left Coll., and he has cut 
my acquaintance. So that I am cast entirely upon my 
own resources, without paternal or maternal care. But 
I trust in God that I will be able to outride the storm, 
and land securely in the destined port. I hope that in a 
short time the dark clouds which now overhang me will 
disperse, and the bright sun burst forth to illumine my 
pathway. 

New Lisbon is a very pleasant place, it is somewhat of a 
city compared with old Canonsburg; upon the whole, 
however, I think it is rather aristocratic. Society has 
about four grades here, the first comprises those in affluent 
circumstances (and by the way, they are not very intel- 
lectual) ; the second is one degree below the first; third, 
one degree below the second one, and the fourth is the 
rabble. It is connected with the Ohio river by the Sandy 
and Beaver canal (which also goes on to the Ohio canal 
and intersects it at Bolivar), upon which there is a daily 
packet. Well Taylor has got the nomination. So the 
world goes. Merit has little, if anything, to do with a 
man. It is rather a bitter pill for some of the enlightened 
Whigs to swallow. I think there are seventy or eighty 
Whigs in this county who will not vote for him. As soon 
as I possibly can, I shall forward you that borrowed 
money, and can assure you, if I ever find you in similar 
circumstances, that I shall return the compliment. 
Your friend, 

D. W. Crofts. 

P. S. — Write soon and let me know how you do. 
"Peace be with you." 'Tale." "Fale." 

O Facultas Jeffersoniensis Collegii. "Procul, O Procul 
este, profani." 

Should you correspond with any of my old friends give 



226 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

them my best wishes for their success, together with my 
address, and tell them to write soon and often. 

New Lisbon^ Ohio, Sept. i8, 1848. 
James Elliott, Esq., Mount Pleasant, Ohio: 

Brother James — Your very interesting and mysteri- 
ous letter of the nth inst. has been received. You can 
hardly conceive my surprise, whilst looking upon the 
back, knowing your hand, and there Mount Pleasant 
stamped in bold relief; however, upon opening it the 
mystery was solved — "The Rubicon is passed and Rome 
was free no more." I think I can appreciate the farce. 
Mc was so anxious to have you in Brookville, that he 
never took into consideration the fact that the pedagogue 
must have pupils, and that a man can't live on air. How- 
ever, impute it all to the man's unhappy temperament, 
and I was going to say, judgment. I am certain there 
is no deception about him, he is as you all do know, a 
plain, blunt man. A better soul never lived, but he 
overlooked several items when he wrote on for you. I 
suppose you are pretty well satisfied with Brookville. 
"Man never is but always to be blessed." God grant that 
you may speedily find a situation corresponding to your 
abilities. Tabula Rasa, Jr., was in New Lisbon about 
four weeks ago, and called to see me in my school rooms. 
All I can say upon that score is that he did not meet with 
a very warm reception. Oh! had it not been that some 
scholars were present, it would have done the inmost 
recesses of my soul good to have read him his pedigree; 
now just conceive, after a man has treated me in the man- 
ner in which he did, and then want me to send my schol- 
ars to Jefferson. Yes, I would if it were not for one 
little thing, but he also took the liberty of saying a few 
things about my private character, which no one but a 

d d spirit of Pluto's regions would have uttered. But 

enough on this score. Were you a son of Temperance 
and wanted to edit that kind of a paper there is a good 
opening here ; the present concern, called the Ocean Wave, 
is about to fall through, and God grant that it may, for 



DANIEL WEBSTER CROFTS 227 

there has been nothing original in it from the editor since 
it started. The fellow has not brains enough to edit a 
paper, he can't write a bit. He has no press, his type and 
everything else can be had for about $130; with a capi- 
tal of $300, a fellow could do well here that would at- 
tend to his business. He has about 400 subscribers, and 
God knows his paper has never been fit for anything. Be- 
sides this fellow is a complete knave. I gave him $3.00 
to attend to a little business for me in Pittsburgh, he ap- 
propriated it, and has never said anything about it. My 
present quarter is out now ; I expect to commence shortly 
again under auspicious omens; probably about the first of 
October. I am going to commence reading law there too. 
I expect I can read about four hours per day. Well, 
a word about politics, James Mason is my man. We 
want to send a man to congress who can make a speech. 
We want this dark section of the country to send one 
man to Washington who can make a speech, we want to 
send a man there who will advocate the tariff of '42, 
and who will go for the Wilmot Proviso. If we can 
do this, I am satisfied, but I fear the result, when I think 
of the Lop Ears. Another reason why I am afraid is, 
that Cable is very trifling insignificant. I mean and you 
know this is almost certain to insure him success. If 
you want to go to Congress, for God's sake steal a sheep, 
you will be certain to go then. In regard to the New 
Yorkers bringing out Henry Clay, all I have to say is, 
that I will be with them, if he accepts, but I don't think 
he will do that, he has gone home to his constituents in 
Kentucky to give his bones to her congenial and grateful 
soil, and to commit his spirit a rich boon, to the remem- 
brance of her patriotic sons. As regards Taylor, it is 
stooping pretty low for a Whig to support him, after 
his Lippard letter and some others of the same import. 
We want a Whig president, we don't want these presi- 
dents of the people, they want to be too popular. I 
believe the man is a perfect fool. I am not satisfied at all 
with his late movements, as for instance, his saying he is 



228 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

not the candidate of the Whig party, but the candidate of 
the people. I thought he was nominated by a Whig con- 
vention and that he would consent to be their candidate 
and that he would likewise consent to be the exponent of 
their principles, but I think we have been grossly insulted 
(I mean the people), and trampled upon by that slaughter 
house convention. Everything that was formerly Whig 
has been immolated upon the altar of availability. If 
the cursed fool had let it rest after he had written the 
Allison letter, it would have been a bitter pill then, 
however, it might have been gulped by me. I have made 
one speech for him, and if God forgives a poor erring 
creature for that one rash inconsiderate act, I promise I 
shall hereafter never do it again. Neither do I go for 
Cass, the dust-licking, office-seeking contemptible, change- 
vacillating knave. Nor do I go for Martin Van Buren. 
Devils may repent to accomplish their hellish schemes, 
this is the plan that Matty and the Barnburners have 
taken to give vent to the malice rankling in their bosoms 
at the so-called Democratic party, because he did not get 
the nomination in '40. They may gull fools, free dirt 
men, etc., but they can't fool me. I judge of what men 
will do from what they have done. In Martin I see no 
reformation. Nothing of importance has taken place here. 
Yes, I would give my "kingdom" to see you. If you can 
come do so, for God's sake, I am pretty well bored to- 
day by fellows calling on me, and this will be somewhat 
of an apology for this miserable scribbling, and composi- 
tion. The next time I write I will make amends. 
Wherever you are do not forget to write. * * * my 
watchword. My motto, * * *. Write soon. Write 
immediately upon receiving this. 

From your brother, Daniel W. C. 

P. S. — Tomorrow, I expect to go out to raise a few 
dimes from some of my creditors. 

Give my best wishes to all friends and Deltas to whom 
you write. 

Write soon. I have not yet heard from McCarty. 

D. W. C. 



DANIEL WEBSTER CROFTS 229 

New Lisbon, Dec. 7, 1848. 
James Elliott, Esq., Mount Pleasant, Ohio: 

Brother James — Long, long has it been since I re- 
ceived your last welcome letter, and I fear you have ere 
this time thought your brother had forgotten you. But 
I flatter myself from my acquaintance with you, that you 
are a man of very liberal views, and you will therefore 
know how to appreciate my circumstances; say not my 
heart has grown callous or lukewarm, for such is far, far 
from being the fact. I still live, and am a Delta both in 
soul and body. Various changes have taken place in my 
earthly pilgrimage since I last wrote to you; then I was 
professionally engaged in the capacity of pedagogue. Now 
I am reading law and nothing else. My school when 
I first commenced was small. From the representation 
of the citizens, however, I was induced to believe I would 
have a very large school as well as a profitable one, in 
the course of time ; time flew on, but with it came not the 
anticipated accession. And I then told them they had 
held out false inducements to me, and so far as I was 
concerned, they could find a teacher "whose patience 
would out-strip Job's" (in the language of the very 
erudite Elliott). Since then they have not been able, I 
believe, to secure a teacher and God grant they may never 
find a man such a fool as to teach for nothing and board 
himself. I then determined to strike for the Sunny 
South and seek my fortune among the fever and ague 
swamps of Mississippi, the Everglades of Florida or the 
cotton-fields of Texas. My father finding me so very 
independent and seeing me so very desirous of acquiring 
a small capital for the purpose of completing my legal 
studies, kindly intervened and offered to see me through 
and from this I am saved the disagreeable bore of going 
South, for such I always considered it to be. I remained 
at home about one month after leaving this place and 
was continually bored, harassed, troubled and tormented, 
knowing not what I was about to do or where my bark 
would land. You will therefore know how to consider 



230 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

this long neglect. I am now settled and in futuro shall be 
at my post, ever ready to atone for past grievances. Have 
been but a fevi^ days at the study of Blackstone — like it 
very well — think Blackstone habet leges. My other 
correspondents have been treated about the same way you 
have been, but I hope to God they will have liberality and 
philanthropy enough to excuse me, when they find out 
the true state of affairs. Have not heard from Old Jeff, 
for some time, but must write and get the current news. 
Expect Deo Volente, to be at next commencement. Very 
pleasant time here now, dancing school, balls, etc., in full 
blast, but I cannot participate. You recollect my letter 
in regard to Taylor; well that was only a sudden ebulli- 
tion of passion. I am now very well satisfied at his 
election. Think he will do it up according to the best 
of his ability — take him to be a clear-headed and saga- 
cious man — have no doubt he will restore the government 
to the good old days of Washington and Jefferson. So far 
as I know nothing has been telegraphed to our place 
from Columbus. See it stated in a Pittsburgh paper of 
the sixth that no speaker of the Senate was then chosen. 
Ewing {Loco) having received seventeen votes; Whig 
(don't recollect the name) eighteen votes and one blank. 
In the House all have been sworn in, including the mem- 
bers from Hamilton, whereupon the Whig members have 
vacated their seats. Good ! Want to see Robespierreism 
and Dantonism, anarchy and rebellion put down, and it 
can be done. If they do not organize this winter the 
Whigs can send up a majority that will send terror to 
the hearts of the Revolutionists again next winter. Let 
me know when you go to Wheeling. Something of 
your prospects. God grant, James, that your situation 
may be worthy of your merits. If you know of any 
situation that you think could be had let me know, as I 
might, probably, take a notion to leave, but I do not think 
I shall, as my chance for success in law is very good here 
— expecting to stay and go in partnership with my old 
preceptor, J. E. Vance, whose practice I suppose is worth 



DANIEL WEBSTER CROFTS 231 

some little over $2,ooo. With my best wishes for your 
success in life, James, I take a fond adieu for the present. 

From your brother, 

D. W. Crofts. 

P. S. — Be not an imitator of this mean scrawl, but 
write me a good, long letter; this I have just scribbled off 
in haste, without any regard to penmanship, punctuation 
or composition, merely to discharge a duty which I consid- 
er imperative, being sleepy, tired, etc., etc. Write soon. 
Write, write, write. 

If you get this letter immediately as I expect you shall, I 
shall feel highly indignant if you do not answer eo instanti 
Blackstone, McCarty. You know my reasons for not 
writing sooner to you, and I shall consider you as taking 
advantage of Lex Talionis if you do not write. 

New Lisbon, January 2, 1849. 
James Elliott, Esq., Mount Pleasant Ohio : 

Brother James — Yours of the fifteenth ult. has been 
received, and I can not disclose to you what pleasure it 
afforded me to hear from one with whom I have whiled 
away so many pleasant hours in sweet conversation, and 
perambulated the accustomed walks of college life. 'Tis 
sweet to call back the remembrance of the past, re-enact 
our former exploits, "fight our battle o'er again." No- 
thing to write about this time. Going it Chapter XVII 
of Guardian and fVard, book first, Blackstone, and 
also trying Story on Promissory Notes, a small whet ; hope 
to be at Pons Asinorum as you call John Stiles, in a 
short time. New Year's day is over, not much fun here, 
rather dry. I have been out in the country a piece and 
just returned, lost a night's sleep, do not feel in a good 
humor for writing, so I'll postpone it for a more con- 
venient season. 

Tuesday night, 9 o'clock. 

Wednesday night. To begin, Pat Logan and old long- 
eared Hanna passed through here some time ago, and 
called to see me. They give a glowing description of the 



232 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

prospects of Jefferson. They say the college numbers 220 
students. White has hung himself; no wonder he com- 
mitted suicide after having associated himself with that 
mean, low, contemptible faculty. It would have been 
more honorable for him, had he associated himself with 
a band of highway robbers, horsethieves, or pirates. I 
have no doubt but that his conscience torturing him worse 
than the stings of ten thousand scorpions, induced him to 
commit suicide. The only thing to be regretted is that it 
was not old Harry, or Williams; they would not have 
been missed much. 

Jim, I have been kind of misanthrope, have not entered 
into holy orders, but have secluded myself almost entirely 
from the world, study hard, and mingle but little with 
the busy throng. About going to Wheeling, I can make 
arrangements to come, provided you can get me a school. 
I can read here until spring or summer, and teach a year 
or so and be reading law all the while under my present 
preceptor. It would not retard my progress very much, 
and I would be much better off when I am admitted, in 
a pecuniary point of view. In fact, I think it would be 
the best plan, for I could take a more thorough course 
than by reading straight ahead. But more anon. If you 
see fit you can mention my name as an applicant from 
long deliberation. 

I wrote to Fletcher and Ray sometime ago, but as yet 
have received no answer. I long to hear from them. 
Some rascal at college wrote a letter to me and signed 
Mat Emery's name to it. He thought, perhaps, he was 
going to bore me, but his anger was rather dull. I have 
not heard from Mc for a long time, but expect shortly 
to get an answer. The legislature has at last organized 
upon Townsend's compromise. I long to hear which of 
the members from Cincinnati get seats, it all depends how 
those cursed Freesoilers vote, they hold the balance 
of power as I understand it. I'm bored to death with 
fellows in the office, I don't know hardly what I'm writ- 
ing. I don't like to cut short a letter, even if there should 



^It. /y>xj>J, i;i*<_4aC UUiZt t^y-i-CX^ ^-*^ '^-*»* «-e^-»V.<o^ — -^ <3~^ «^-»-<^^, 

^^w-^.-•^^ 2^^"*^ 'i-.'-fc- <i^2i- . »-«'<?--/^~7«V 



Facsimile of Last Page of Letter of Crofts to Elliott 
September i8, 1848 



11 
1 



DANIEL WEBSTER CROFTS 233 

be nothing worthy of notice, but under the present cir- 
cumstances I must bid you adieu with my best wishes for 
your success in future life. I leave you, farewell, farewell 
Your friend, D. W. Crofts. 

James Elliott, Esq. 

P. S. — Jim, write soon Eo Instanti Blackstone, Mc- 
Carty. 

New Lisbon, April 8, 1849. 
James Elliott, Esq., Pomonkey, Charles Co., Md.: 

Esteemed Friend and Brother — Your long ex- 
pected letter has at last been received. Numerous were 
the surmises of your old friend in relation to your where- 
abouts. Sometimes the thought would strike me that 
you had embarked for the sunny plains of California, but 
again, when I would reflect upon the character of the man, 
it would occur to me that the glittering of gold could not 
spread its fascinating veil so as to bewilder your better 
judgment. No, James, I know you place your mind on 
higher objects. Gold, I suppose, is quite necessary, but it is 
not a god. It is not * * *, nor is it * * *. Your judg- 
ment is too cool, too deliberate, you weigh circumstances 
too cooly to be deluded. But the welcome epistle has 
been received, and I am happy to learn that you are at 
least located upon the pleasant banks of the Potomac. 
No doubt a very romantic and pleasant situation. How I 
should like to sojourn with you for a short period, to take 
you by the arm as in days of yore, wander over the banks 
of that delightful river, and view the steamboats gliding 
over its waters so majestically. But ah, cruel fate has 
separated two congenial spirits perhaps never more to see 
each other. The thought makes me feel melancholy. 
McCarty, I suppose, is now on his way to the gold 
places of the Sacramento. I have not heard from him 
for a long, long time; he sent me a paper, however, 
which mentioned that the company from Brookville were 
about to start on the first of April, if I remember right; 
it also stated that John T. McCarty had been elected 
captain. May prosperity crown his expedition with sue- 



234 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

cess. May no malady or disease o'ertake him; may his 
expectations be realized, and may he be permitted once 
more to return to the land of his fathers, hale and hearty, 
with gold ample enough to remunerate him for his arduous 
undertaking, is the heartfelt wish of one who claims to be 
a friend and brother. Sam B. Wilson is in Darlington, 
Beaver Co., Pa., teaching in the seminary. He sent me a 
circular of his exhibition, which is the first I have received 
from old Sam of any kind. It is my intention to write 
to him today yet, and shall inform him that you are 
on the banks of the Potomac. It has been a long time 
since I heard of old Fletcher or Ray. They sent me a 
circular of the Franklin exhibit a short time ago, which 
took place on the twenty-ninth of March. The select 
orators were Ward, and that noble and magnanimous 
boy. Crews. Essayists, Burt and Logan, original orators, 
Perkins and Gilchrist. Debate: "Is error in judgment 
a proper subject of moral disapprobation." Affirm, 
Frazer; deny, old Fletcher. But Jim, what shall I say 
further? My heart is still as warm as formerly; my as- 
pirations are still as high, but I cannot at present give 
utterance to my feelings. My progress in the study of 
law is perhaps somewhat tardy. It is my desire to do it 
well. I read accurately what I do read. I am now 
going it on Kent's Commentaries, which is somewhat of a 
recreation after reading Blackstone. Since I commenced 
reading law, I have learned considerable about human 
nature, which, by the way, is a grand study. I have re- 
ceived an appointment from this honorable court as school 
examiner for Columbiana county, which is somewhat of a 
promotion, is it not? Am I not getting up in the world 
fast? My ideas are rather disconnected and rather few, 
and what few I have are not worth very much. Upon 
the whole, I think it would be advisable not to bore you 
much longer. 

I have just returned from church and feel quite ex- 
hausted after a long bore of about one hour and a half. 
Jim, old Tabula rasa wants to marry, if you know any 



DANIEL WEBSTER CROFTS 235 

women on the Potomac, who would like to marry, send 
them on to Canonsburg, as they will stand a good chance. 
May prosperity attend you in all your efforts as I know 
they will always be laudable. Go on cheerfully, in the 
great work which is before you and you will one day be 
an honor to your constituents. I did not like to accept 
a place in the cabinet during the present administration. 
My modesty forbade. D. W. Crofts. 

James Elliott: 

Finally, "Peace be with you always," as well as an easy 
conscience. Let me hear from you as soon as possible, 
if not sooner. Adieu. Adieu. D. W. C. 

J.E.: 

Let me pay the postage on your letters for a short time, 
until I settle up that little difference betwixt us, and 
excuse me for not thinking of this idea before this, as I 
am naturally obtuse. D. W. C. 

New Lisbon, August 14, 1849. 
James Elliott, Esq., Pomonkey, Charles Co., Md. : 

Brother James — Once more I am with you; ye 
crags and peaks, I hold to you my hands to let you know 
I still am free. I am to write, yes, must write, but what 
shall I write about? Believe me, I have not had an idea 
for six weeks. What shall I say? If I should chance to 
give birth to an idea, I would be so surprised at myself 
that undoubtedly a physician would be sent for. When 
old Orr used to sit up on the rostrum in the prayer hall 
and smile with one of his wonted, idiotic smiles, McCarty 
used to say that he had an idea, but that was all a foul and 
malicious slander, he never had an idea, if he should ever 
get one, he would undoubtedly think he was enciente. 
But Orr is a good old man, and must not be slandered, he 
is the best friend I had among the faculty. No man can 
slander me with apparent honesty, and say I have had an 
idea for the six weeks past. 

Jim, I am sick and have been so for five or six weeks, 
though I am still trying to read a little, but it is almost 



236 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

a vain attempt. For six weeks have I been taking blue 
pills and calomel. I am badly used up. I scarcely know 
myself. It is my intention, if I do not shortly get better, 
to go out home on the farm and rusticate awhile, perhaps 
a month or so, and see if it will not invigorate my physical 
energies as well as intellectual. 

Well, how do you get along? Give us your hand. I 
can almost fancy I am now grasping it — would to God 
it were so. Vain wish. Mountain, hill and dale, wood- 
land and lake separate us. Can it be hoped we will ever 
be permitted once more to exchange feeling of soul in a 
social converse. Yes, Jim, the hope affords me a consola- 
tion, I will cherish it. It must be so. Chitty's Pleadings 
is now my study, rather an unpropitious season for me 
to undertake such an irksome task. Gould I have read, 
but it is a mere introduction to the science. 

Fletcher has at last condescended to write just as he was 
leaving the halls of college. He gives me some news, 
which is new to me. He states that * * *j that in- 
famous, grovelling, hell-deserving wretch, had been initi- 
ated into the "Mystic," and with all the perjury and 
treachery of a traitorous Simon had left, been initiated into 
the * * *, and revealed in words, hot-glowing from his 
sordid and craven spirit, all the secrets of the order so 
far as they could be comprehended by his contracted intel- 
lect. It is strange, surpassing strange, that they should 
initiate such a base wretch into such an honorable body 
and then it is still more strange that a man could be found 
so lost to every sense of honor as to act with such hellish 
baseness. But Fletcher also states that they will be able to 
outride the storm and surmount every difficulty. May 
they, is my hope, they have the material. But now, Jim, 
it is time for me to bring this bore to an end. It is my 
expectation I will hear from you shortly. Do not neglect 
it. I know my letter is unworthy any reply, but write 
anyhow eo instanti. I will send you a Palladium this 
week, there is a small pop for me in it, which I wrote one 
day whilst sick, in a few minutes. I have been carrying 



DANIEL WEBSTER CROFTS 237 

on a spirited local discussion with the editor of the Patriot 
for sometime. But it has ceased. It was in relation to 
our Whig postmaster. I beat him, I did. 

D. W. Crofts. 
James Elliott, Esq. : 

I often write little articles for the Palladium, and have 
them put in as if written by the editor. The editor him- 
self can not write any and will either have to sell out 
or get an editor. 

New Lisbon^ November i6th, 1849. 
James Elliott, Esq., Pomonkey, Charles Co., Md. : 

Brother James — It has been some time since I re- 
ceived your last quite acceptable epistle, but for various 
reasons, I have deferred answering until now. I have 
been busy attending our court of common pleas for three 
weeks last past, and, consequently, have done but little 
else. Supreme court also has just risen. It sat for the 
space of two days and did any amount of business in a 
short time. How shall I commence to interest you. "I 
nothing know, but that I am." What shall I write? 
When last writing I stated I was sick. Well I still con- 
tinue to be in that list yet, still there is a great improve- 
ment. My stomach is about as much use to me as a 
piece of tripe of the same dimensions. Everything eaten 
remains in statu quo for about the space of four days, 
when, by the use of strong purgatives, I am generally able 
to find relief. Oh! I sometimes lead a miserable life. 
"Oh, life, thou art a galling load, a long, a rough, a weary 
road to wretches such as I." 

You state, if I recollect, in your last letter that you 
are very tired of your location and expect to return to 
the land of your fathers in the spring. Well, what are 
you going to do? Are you still going to follow your 
honest avocation as Pedagogue, or are you going to stick 
out a shingle: "James Elliott, Atty., Counselor at Law 
& Solicitor in Chancery." Without bearing or holding 
any false inducement, I think you could raise a good 
school in the town of Salem in this county. There was a 



238 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

very large one there last winter, and the teacher has left, 
as I understand. This is a mere suggestion. I think a 
good school could be raised, but I may be disappointed. 

A branch of the State Bank has been established here 
recently. We now have two branches in this county, one 
here and another at Salem with a capital of $400,000. 
One year after this date I propose to make the fatal at- 
tempt of being admitted to practice law. Then it will be 
"bread or blood." I am going to do it if I possibly can. 
Are you with me "to crags and peaks!" Jim, I don't 
know what you will think of this apology for a letter. 
Perhaps you will think I'm drunk, insane or something 
else. But such is not the fact. I can't write; I can't 
philosophize or anything else. I am, as you do know, a 
plain blunt man. I'm afraid the last drop of patience 
and forbearance will be exhausted, but I throw myself on 
your charity. 

I have just heard from Crews and Logan. Do not be 
remiss as I have been, but condescend immediately to an- 
swer this fatal perforation. 

Yours in the bonds of brotherly love. D. W. C. 

New Lisbon^ November 29th, '49. 
James Elliott, Esq., Pomonkey, Charles Co., Md.: 

Esteemed Friend and Brother James — Your 
favor of the 6th inst. has been received some time ago 
but through negligence an answer has been delayed in 
the present time. My correspondence is in rather a di- 
lapidated condition, scarcely know-bore — I am idealess. 
"I nothing know but that I am." Since last writing 
to you I have heard from Bros. Gregg and S. B. Wilson. 
Gregg appears to be flourishing like an old green bay 
tree, judging from the tenor of his letter. One of my 
students started to Washington College some time ago, 
and, I suppose, he and Gregg will have some pleasant 
times. S. B. Wilson and Cyrus Pershing are in Somer- 
set, Penna., studying that noble profession, the law, under 
Judge Black, a very distinguished jurist in that section of 
the country, and S. B. states they will be joined by Bro. 



DANIEL WEBSTER CROFTS 239 

Logan in a few days. That will be a noble, jovial, 
magnanimous trio. Nothing has as yet been heard from 
our old esteemed Bro. McCarty. He has ere this time 
arrived at his destination if yet alive, which I hope and 
pray to God may be the fact. I hope that he may live 
to return to the land of his fathers and be a distinguished 
man, distinguished as he is noble. You mention in your 
letter that you should like to have something more about 
the course of reading. I will state in the first place that 
almost every student at law reads a course somewhat dif- 
ferent. The course I expect to pursue will be about as 
follows: first Blackstone's Commentaries, next Kent's 
Commentaries, then Pleadings. I have read three authors 
on Pleadings — Gould, Stephen and Chitty ; Stephen is 
the most easily understood and is rather an interesting 
work; much more can be learned from Stephen concern- 
ing the practice and manner of drawing up pleadings than 
any other extant. It is an excellent work, and I strongly 
recommend you to read Stephen. Next comes Evidence. 
I have read Phillipp and am now at Starkie. Though, I 
suppose Greenleaf is superior to Starkie. I shall next 
read some work on Real Estate. I think it will be 
Milliard on Real Property. I shall then take up Story's 
Equity Jurisprudence, and, having completed that, shall 
read Waddock's Chancery. These, with a few things in- 
terspersed, as, for instance, Story on Promissory Notes, 
Chitty on Bills, etc., together with a review of Blackstone, 
Chitty (which by the way, I have read twice already), 
will be about all the reading I shall do before being ad- 
mitted. Bro. Wilson has some new suggestions to make, 
and of which you have no doubt heard before this time, 
in regard to our order, which, suffice it to say, meet my 
cordial approbation. I do not know as I have anything 
further to say. You must excuse this apology for a let- 
ter. I gave Jefferson College a small blizzard some time 
ago and sent you a copy of the paper. I also sent a 
number to Friends Snyder, Williams, Tabula Rasa, Jr., 
respectively. I hold the office of Notary Public and must 



240 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

prepare for taking depositions to-day; therefore, nothing 
more at present. D. W. Crofts. 

Keep yourself pure and unspotted from the world. 
The grace of God be with you. Amen. D. W. C. 

Write eo instanti. Write. Write. D. W. C. 

New Lisbon^ Jan. 23rd, 1850. 
James Elliott, Esq., Pomonkey, Charles Co., Md. : 

Esteemed Brother James — Your pleasing letter has 
been received and while I am in the way I had best en- 
deavor to make an imperfect reply. It has been so long 
since I have writtten a letter that I have forgotten 
the modus operandi — though the plan I most usually 
adopted in former times was to scribble over three pages 
of letter paper without, if possible, advancing an idea. 
It is not best to depart from long established precedents. 
I shall therefore have to follow the old plan. In reply to 
the business part of your letter, I have to say that it would 
afford me infinite pleasure to have one of the old well- 
tried veterans in the same office with me. I, therefore, 
recommend you strongly and ardently to come, provided 
you can make the necessary arrangements. New Lisbon 
is rather a pleasant place, and I do not hesitate in saying 
that you would be well pleased. Besides, I presume your 
necessary expenses would not be larger than in other 
places. Boarding can be had at the best hotel in the 
place for $2 per week, and at any of the others for 
$1.75. Your tuition I can not say what it would be, 
but would be trifling. Your clothing would be no more 
costly than they are at present. Your necessary ex- 
penses I do not hesitate in saying will be as small as at 
any other place, but in addition to your necessary expenses 
I would simply say you can spend as much as you 
please, owing altogether to your disposition to mingle 
with society, and the fair ones in particular. Your ex- 
penses need not be as much as they were at Canonsburg. 
In relation to your idea of pedagoguing at Salem, I have 
not the means of giving you the information desired. I 



DANIEL WEBSTER CROFTS 241 

am not acquainted with any person there, and have not 
been in the place for better than a year. I can tell you 
what I predicate my opinion upon though; until last 
summer there was a high school kept in that place. The 
school was large, sometimes as high as seventy-five to 
eighty scholars. The teacher from some reason or other 
left, and there has been none since that time. It is a com- 
munity inhabited almost exclusively by Quakers. The 
former teacher was a Quaker, and what chances a white 
man would stand among them, I am scarcely able to say, 
but presume he would get along if he had a few certificates 
of good moral character. I would recommend to you, if 
you can so arrange your pecuniary matters, to commence 
the study of law exclusively. Come on — do. Bid 
adieu to the life of a pedagogue. Swear you never were 
one. Persevere in the study of law ; labor long and hard 
at the law, and the law alone, and you will arrive at emi- 
nence in that honorable, noble and dignified profession. 
You must, you can succeed; you have perseverance, and 
talents of a high order, make a strike ; there is no such word 
as fail in your vocabulary; in the language of old Dan 
Webster, there is plenty of room in the profession, above, 
but below it is crowded like h-11. You have talents and 
other qualities which will place you in the profession above. 
Do not give up to despondency then, but persevere and 
a grateful community will at length reward you. But 
adieu, kind friend. Make a judicious choice. Do not 
hesitate, but if you can arrange it, come right along, and 
let us read, and reason together as in days of yore. 
Answer at your earliest possible convenience. 

D. W. Crofts. 

New Lisbon^ March 25th, 1850. 
Mr. James Elliott, Jr., Mount Pleasant, Ohio: 

Friend James — Your welcome epistle last sent has 
been received. I do not propose answering it, but merely 
to throw out a suggestion. While I was up North a 
couple of weeks ago, I was asked by Dr. Bertholette, the 



242 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

father of William I. Bertholette, who graduated in our 
class, whether I could inform him where they could get a 
teacher for their academy, which is to go into operation 
sometime next month. I immediately thought of you and 
told him I would write you as soon as possible. The sal- 
ary will be $300, or perhaps $350. The village is small 
and your expense would be very trifling, besides I should 
suppose you would be able to read considerable law. You 
can write to Dr. Bertholette, of Washington ville, imme- 
diately, it being in Columbiana Co., about ten minutes 
north of this place. Or you can write to me and I will 
communicate to him on the subject. I am writing this in 
the court house while court is in full blast. If you deem 
advisable you can make a visit in propria persona. 

I cannot give you as much information in relation to 
the academy, its prospects, etc., as you would like. You 
had probably better make a visit in person and judge for 
yourself. Yours, etc., in haste, 

D. W. Crofts. 

New Lisbon, O., June 24, 1850. 
James Elliott, Esq., Wellsville, Columbiana Co., O. 

Old Friend James — I was somewhat surprised to 
receive your letter this morning. I had not heard of your 
enterprise or whereabouts, and was very anxious to find 
out where you were, and what you were doing, not hav- 
ing heard since I saw you. It gives me pleasure to hear 
of your enterprise, and I hope you will succeed. Any 
service I can render, or any assistance I can give, will be 
given cheerfully. But I will not be able to do anything in 
the way of obtaining subscribers until you publish a num- 
ber. The editor of the Palladium, I presume, would be 
willing to sell out, but whether at a fair price and rea- 
sonable price, I am unable to say. I have understood 
that Bob Wilson, a former editor from Steubenville, is 
about to buy him out. Once more let me bid you God- 
speed in your enterprise. You must pardon me for not 
writing more at present. Court is in full blast, and I am 



DANIEL WEBSTER CROFTS 243 

busy. When I have more leisure I will write at length. 
In the mean time, let me hear from you again. 

All of which is respectfully submitted in haste. 

D. W. Crofts. 

P. S. — Put my name to that list as a subscriber. 

New Lisbon, Ohio, Aug. 26, 1850. 
James Elliott, Jr., Esq., Mt. Pleasant, Ohio: 

Old Friend James — Yours of the twenty-first inst. 
has been received and I hasten to reply to the interroga- 
tories therein contained. I have seen Wilkinson and held 
a short consultation with him. He appears anxious to 
sell, but at the same time, is desirous of selling at his 
own price. The lowest he says he can take for the estab- 
lishment is $900 in cash, though from what he says if se- 
curity can be given, time can be had by paying part down. 
He states that the only reason he desires to sell, is that he 
wishes to engage in something else, for he can clear every 
year enough to pay the price at which he holds the con- 
cern. I wish to know how much capital you have to in- 
vest, and what you would think of investing it in the con- 
cern. I have been thinking for a couple of days, that if 
you were desirous of going into it, and would desire a 
creditor and proprietor, that I might possibly be induced 
to go a half, if I can obtain the funds necessary, which I 
could not say positively that I can. Write me soon, and at 
length, and by the time I have received your letter, I will 
be able to decide and see whether the necessary funds can 
be procured. I think the press and all can be had for 
something less than $900. 

In great haste, yours, etc., 

D. W Crofts. 

West Point, Feb. 7, 1851. 
James Elliott, Jr., Esq., Steubenville, Jefferson Co., Ohio: 
Friend James — Your favor was received and should 
have been answered long ago, and would have been, but 
for existing circumstances. The letter was sent to New 
Lisbon, and after lying in the postoffice there for some 
time, was sent to me at West Point. The reason I am 



244 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

home is that consumption has, with its deadly fangs, seiz- 
ed upon me. For some time I despaired of getting well 
again, but of late I am considerably encouraged. In all 
probability I will be able to go into business next summer, 
some time. I was admitted in Steubenville last supreme 
court, and since that time have been at home taking cod 
liver oil and other nostrums. This is the first writing I 
have done since I came home. I don't like to sit long at 
one time. Excuse haste, and a bad pen. 

Yours respectfully, etc., 

D. W. Crofts. 
New Lisbon, March 30, 1851. 
James Elliott, Esq., Steubenville, Ohio: 

My Dear James — Your kind letter was received, but 
I have not it with me, but recollect you said you would be 
at home a couple of weeks or so, after which, you expected 
to return to Steubenville. Presuming you are there at 
present, I so direct these lines. Since my last I have been 
gradually improving, but am still far from being well, 
though by care and prudence, hope to regain my health. 
I have been here but a couple of days, and think I shall 
remain for some time, depending upon my health. I 
shall not confine myself or pay any attention to business 
for some time, until I acquire more strength and vigor. I 
know not what or how to write you, as news is dull. 
Tom Woods, who was at college at the time we were, 
has swung a shingle here this winter. He is in partner- 
ship with H. Griswold, of Canton, with whom he read 
law, and who intends attending our court. Hon. John 
Pierce has been re-elected judge in our district, much to 
the regret of the members of the bar in general. May 
God grant that the new Constitution be ratified, if for 
no other purpose but to depose this "thing," as he has long 
since been voted by all capable of thinking. 

You stated in your letter that you had found out the 
whereabout of old Mc, and that you were shortly ex- 
pecting a letter from him, as you had written to him some 



DANIEL WEBSTER CROFTS 245 

time before. I wish you would give me his address, as I 
desire to write to him. 

And now Jim, I must come to a close, as I desire to do 
as little writing at one time as possible. May God grant 
you vigor of body and mind to go on in the glorious but 
laborious work before you, as I now can fully appreciate 
its loss. I desire not to live if my health must continue 
as at present. Life is a "galling load" to me, "a long, a 
rough, a weary road." 

Write to me soon and direct to this place, as I expect 
to be here for some time. 

From your affectionate friend, 

D. W. Crofts. 

There was obtained from the brother of Daniel Web- 
ter Crofts a letter which was written from Clinton, 
Louisiana, and is perhaps the last written by him. It 
s a final touch to the pathos of the career of this unfor- 
unate founder. 

Clinton, Dec. 3, 1857 
Dear Brother Thomas 

I arrived in Clinton on last night the 2nd Dec. after a 
very fatiguing trip of about four weeks on the waters of 
the Ohio and Mississippi. My health has been bad, very 
bad, in fact alarming, though I am now a little better. 
At Cincinnati I had a hemorrhage of the lungs, at which 
time I bled probably one pint and a half. In a few days 
another equally as bad. Suffice it to say that they have 
prostrated me, reduced me to a bare skeleton. The weath- 
er here is warm and pleasant and will probably restore me 
in time. I have not strength to write much at a time 
but will write more at length hereafter. With my kind- 
est regards for you and all the rest I conclude. 

Your affectionate Brother, 
Thomas S. Crofts Daniel W. Crofts. 

West Point 
Col. Co., Ohio. 

P. S. Mr. Merrick is absent attending Court and will not be 
bark for four or five davs. 



CHAPTER VII 

NAAMAN FLETCHER 

THE meagre bit that we know of the life of the 
first secretary of Phi Gamma Delta is summar- 
ized in the obituary notice published in the Wabash 
(Indiana) Plain Dealer of December 29, 1864, a week 
after his death. 

Naaman Fletcher was born in Zanesville, Ohio, Feb- 
ruary 27, 1824, and was the youngest of a family of 
seven children. When about three years old, he lost his 
father and was adopted by a distant relative in whose fam- 
ily he grew up. About the time he reached man's estate, 
he entered on the study of law, and was admitted to prac- 
tice at the bar. Realizing the insufficiency of his previous 
education, he entered the sophomore class at Jefferson 
College, Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, in 1847 and gradu- 
ated in 1849. He then opened a law office, beginning 
practice at Piqua, Ohio, where he remained three years. 
In 1852 he commenced the life of an editor at Massillon, 
Ohio, publishing the Massillon News in partnership with 
J. W. Logan, a former classmate. About this time he 
married Elizabeth M., daughter of E. Crosby, M. D., 
who survives him. 1853 he removed to this place and 
bought the Gazette office, and afterwards the Intelligencer 
office and uniting the two published the Gazette and Intel- 
ligencer up to the time of his decease. 

He died on Tuesday, December 20, 1864, after an ill- 
ness of three days of typhoid fever. All who knew Mr. 
Fletcher will sincerely lament his death and his deeply 
afflicted family have the heartfelt sympathy of the whole 
community. 

[246] 





%i 



1848 



NAAMAN FLETCHER 247 

He had endured a hard struggle with the world, and 
was just beginning to reap the fruits of his labor; had 
secured a comfortable home with the happy companionship 
of a beloved wife and a dear little boy of five years, when 
he was cut down in the prime of his life, in his forty-first 
year. 

Mr. Fletcher was not a professed Christian, but he 
had for some time been a serious seeker after the truth, 
and on his deathbed gave evidence of a very hopeful char- 
acter that he had found Jesus, who is "the way and the 
life." He was a kind, genial, open-hearted man; up- 
right and moral in his life; honorable in his transactions, 
with a spirit above all meanness; remarkably free from 
censoriousness ; high-spirited, yet void of all ostentation ; a 
good citizen, a warm friend, a useful member of society. 
He may have had enemies — few good men have not — 
but he had more friends by whom he will be greatly missed 
and sincerely lamented. Let the tongue of enmity be si- 
lent, and whatever faults he may have had, let the mem- 
ory of them sleep with him in the dust. 

The distant relative referred to was probably James 
{lair, of Sidney, Ohio, at whose expense Fletcher was 
repared for college. 

The notice states that Fletcher had studied law and 
een admitted to the bar previous to his matriculation 
t Jefferson. This is corroborated by his letter of Jan- 
ary 6, 1849, to Elliott, in which he speaks of his pro- 
ession and gives Elliott advice in regard to reading 
iw. 

Fletcher was twenty-three years old when he entered 
efferson, and twenty-six when he graduated "with dis- 
^nguished honor." His part in the perpetuation of 
ur order was significant, for with Commencement, 
848, the rest of the founders separated in pursuit of 
leir chosen professions in distant parts, leaving to the 



248 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

junior member the responsibility of selecting worthy 
successors to carry out their ideals. One of the chosen, 
who later became the well-loved Bishop of Chicago, 
William E. McLaren, writes of this period: 

When I entered college all [the founders] were gone 
except Fletcher, who was now a senior, and Gregg, who 
loved to linger still inter sylvas Academi. Fletcher was a 
man of much force, and was particularly skilled in debate. 

Fletcher succeeded Wilson as the second president 
of the "Delta Association." 

J. W. Logan, with whom Fletcher published in part- 
nership the Massillon News in 1852, was a member of 
Alpha chapter in 1849 and a room-mate of Fletcher at 
"Fort" Emery, which appears in the college catalogue 
for that year as their domicile. A classmate records: 
"He was very fond of music. My earliest recollections 
of college life are associated with the weird notes of a 
violin that came from the open window of his room 
near the old college building." Logan later became a 
well-known man in Iowa, occupying a seat in the House 
of Representatives from Ft. Dodge. 

In 1852 Fletcher married Elizabeth Crosby, a gradu- 
ate of Granville Female College, Granville, Ohio. He 
evidently referred to her in his letters. Miss Crosby's 
name first appears in the catalogue of 1847 as a student. 
The Granville Female College was a Presbyterian col- 
lege which became extinct some years ago, its last presi- 
dent being the Rev. D. B. Hervey, D.D., Jefferson '58. 
The buildings of the G. F. C, as it was familiarly call- 
ed, were razed during the summer of 1908. Before the 
destruction, I searched the rambling halls and rooms of 
the old buildings in a futile endeavor to discover some 
memento of Elizabeth Crosby. 




Tombstone of Naainian Fletcher 



NAAMAN FLETCHER 249 

Fletcher carried the spirit of the "Delta Association" 
into the seat of Denison many years before Lambda 
Deuteron was established, and had it not been for the 
prohibition of fraternities, the Denison chapter might 
today be one of the oldest of Phi Gamma Delta. 

A futile effort was made to clear up the discrepancy 
between the Vernon catalogue, which says that Fletch- 
er studied law at Sidney, Ohio, after graduation, and 
that after passing the bar examinations he practiced at 
Massillon, and the obituary quoted above from the 
Wabash Plain Dealer^ which says that he practiced be- 
fore entering Jefferson, and afterward at Piqua, Ohio. 
The court records of Columbus, Shelby, Stark, and 
Miami counties were searched in vain for evidence to 
corroborate the Vernon catalogue. 

Not long after his marriage Fletcher tired of law, 
and moved to Wabash, Indiana, where he established 
The Wabash Intelligencer, and made it the medium of 
his strong Union views. A conflicting account of his 
sudden death is told by Harry O. Rhodes, Amherst 
1895, who was born and raised in Wabash, where he 
learned his story from the late Judge Calvin Cogwill: 

It was during the time when the North was filled with 
men working more or less secretly for the Southern cause. 
This element had found expression in Huntington county 
just east of Wabash county, in the organization of "The 
Knights of the Golden Circle," a secret society which 
spread rapidly in Indiana, and whose end was to silence or 
get rid of the leaders of the Union party. The organiza- 
tion was very strong in Huntington county, and in the 
Eastern part of Wabash county. They made boast that 
never would a speech favoring the Union be made in a 
certain school district in Eastern Wabash county. Judge 
Cogwill, who was a strong, fiery Northern man, and of 



250 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

more than local reputation for his decided views, made up 
his mind that he would hold a meeting in that district 
himself. He went to Naaman Fletcher, with whom he 
had become intimate, and stated the case to him, saying 
that he, Fletcher, with his education, was the best man in 
the county to deliver a speech on such an occasion. Flet- 
cher agreed, and the date was set. Judge Cogwill had the 
word passed around in that neighborhood when and where 
the meeting was to be held. When the time came. Cog- 
will slipped out of his house, for it was guarded by troops 
to prevent his death at the hands of the "Knights of the 
Golden Circle," and together they drove some eight or 
ten miles to the schoolhouse. When they arrived the 
building was full. They made their way to the front of 
the room, where the Judge stepped on the platform and, 
laying a brace of revolvers on the table, said that he would 
shoot the first "damned secesh" who made a disturbance. 
He then introduced Fletcher as the speaker of the evening. 
Fletcher made a strong talk — so strong in fact, that 
when he was through a number of men came up and shook 
hands with him. Judge Cogwill told Rhodes that he 
never heard so logical an argument for Unionism. 

When the two started to drive back to Wabash, they 
found the night had turned suddenly cooler, and Fletcher, 
who had become heated and covered with perspiration 
from his exertions, became chilled before reaching home. 
He was stricken with pneumonia, and died within a week. 
This happened during August, 1865. He was buried in 
the Wabash cemetery, his funeral being very largely at- 
tended. His wife and young son soon moved to Daven- 
port, Iowa, where all trace of them was lost. 

It is regrettable that persistent appeals to the Wabash 
Masonic lodge and efforts through advertisement nev- 
er materialized in the discovery of any of Fletcher's kin. 

When in 19 17 I was instructed by the Ekklesia to 
find and mark the grave of the founders, I was baffled 
by the dearth of information at hand. Knowing that 



NAAMAN FLETCHER 251 

Fletcher had been an editor in Wabash, I directed 
ny first appeal to the cemetery trustees there, who re- 
ported that doubtless he had been interred in the old 
;emetery, long since abandoned, and that his grave was 
n all probability lost. Further search on the part of 
rhomas MacNamee, president of the Wabash Ceme- 
ery Association, resulted in the following report: 

I have examined all of the old cemetery records and 
have made inquiry of the old sexton for some clew, but 
found none. I then spent several days carefully searching 
in the new cemetery and finally found Mr. Fletcher's 
grave, marked with a marble headstone about three feet 
high and four inches thick. All the joints are loose and 
the whole in a very bad condition. The grave seems 
to be on the foot of a lot owned by one of our old citi- 
zens, Mr. S. Fisher, long since dead. There seems to be 
no evidence of deed or record of ownership except in Mr. 
Fisher. The stone as I have said, is in bad condition and 
needs re-setting. 

Very truly yours 

Thomas MacNamee. 

Under the direction of F. W. Flummer, Psi '08, the 
tone marking the grave was re-set and restored to good 
ondition, and the words ''One of the founders of Phi 
3amma Delta" were added. The inscription now 
eads: 

NAAMAN FLETCHER 

Died December 30, 1864 

Age Forty Years 

Rest in the Lord 

One of the Founders of Phi Gamma Delta 

Not a Stone's throw from this grave is a memorial to 
)ne of the founders of Psi Upsilon, bearing the inscrip- 
ion. "Erected by Alpha Chapter of Psi Upsilon." 



252 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

On the Sunday of March i, 1908, I entered the beau- 
tiful cemetery of Wabash, Indiana, following to the 
last resting place all that remained of one of my dearest 
friends, and a prince of men. Sitting with me in a 
carriage was a Mr. Paine, a gentleman who had seen 
eighty-four winters, and who had lived nearly all of his 
life in Wabash. We talked of the virtues of our de- 
ceased friend, and what his loss meant to the commu- 
nity. "Not since the death of Naaman Fletcher many 
years ago," said Mr. Paine, "have I grieved so because 
of the loss of a friend." "And you knew Naaman 
Fletcher, then?" and I told him of my interest in the 
fraternity which his old friend had helped to estab- 
lish. The old man told me of the manliness and 
splendid life of Fletcher, and how in the prime of his 
manhood he became lost to him. I had come with 
sadness to attend the obsequies of a friend. I had 
thought to visit the grave of a founder, but in this aged 
man I felt strangely as if in the living presence of 
Naaman Fletcher. With the octogenarian I stood un- 
der the beech tree which sheltered the grave of Naaman 
Fletcher and I read with fraternal interest and pride 
on the little tombstone "One of the Founders of Phi 
Gamma Delta." 

Fletcher's letters which follow have a sprightliness of 
style and an easy flow of diction that bring realistically 
to the reader's mind an impression of the writer. 
Whimsically humorous, yet entirely free from the caus- 
tic irony which disfigured Crofts' letters; sincere and 
friendly, his spirit is reflected through the years to us, 
the fortunate possessors of the hastily written lines. 
The first was written on that part of the paper unused 



NAAMAN FLETCHER 253 

y McCarty in his letter to Elliott, from Canonsburg, 
/lay 29, 1848: 

Well, my dear Brother Delta: 

"Mac" has just aroused me from the most overpowering 
slumber that ever fell on the lids of mortal man by saying 
that "now if I wish I could write you a few lines" in his 
letter. I do not know what he has written, nor do I 
think it of sufficient importance to enquire — doubtless 
he has retailed to you all the gossip with which our village 
is so constantly excited, and has amused you by many of 
his own grave speculative predictions, resolves, etc. As 
for myself, I have nothing good to say. I am at best but 
a poor, miserable sinner, partly shipwrecked in the midst 
of the great ocean of (life) time. I am, however, strug- 
gling to reach the haven of peace and glory — amen. The 
last few days have been exceedingly warm, and in con- 
sequence thereof I have been roasted, fried, stewed, 
cooked, boiled, baked, broiled, and there is now nothing 
but a grease spot left of me. Yesterday (the blessed Sab- 
bath day) I had set apart and consecrated for the pur- 
pose of writing my response, but lo and behold, it was so 
like that place from whence Dives lifted up his eyes that 
I could do nothing else but sleep. Now I have determin- 
ed to wait until next Sunday ; if I should fail then, I will 
wait until you come, and get you to write it for me. 

1 am much pleased with the pins. They surpass any of 
the kind that I ever saw, though they do not exactly come 
up to my taste. 

S. B. W. has gone oflF to some place incog, to get a 
little of the balm of Gilead, etc. 

The president of Meadville College preached for us 
last night — a good Methodist sermon. 

Your speedy return among us is anxiously desired by 
all your friends in general, and your humble ser. in par- 
ticular. 

We look for something in your speech calculated to do 
honor to yourself and the Delta Society, so labor, man. 
*' There is no excellence without labor." 



254 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

Forgive this hasty scrawl and these incoherent remarks. 
I am just becoming wakened, and find that the sheet is 
full. 

Be assured I am thy sincere friend, Fletcher. 

Jefferson College, June 20, 1848. 
My dear Elliott: 

Brother Delta — I am most happy to acknowledge 
the receipt of your letter containing, as you said, five dol- 
lars, a receipt for which you will find enclosed. We are 
at last separated. You are at your home among friends, 
warm-hearted friends, but I am here comparatively alone, 
surrounded by those whom I can neither love nor respect. 
Yet I am contented, for it was my own choice, and al- 
though I am not just in the midst of congenial spirits and 
boon companions yet I am permitted the high privilege of 
holding sweet converse with most of the great souls that 
lived, and in their society I must be happy — I must be 
improved. But I will not trouble you with speculations. 
I know you are anxious to have the "gossip" — the news 
— the flying reports that circulate so freely in this nar- 
rowed village and as I am some on these topics, I will not 
delay you further, nor will I attempt to excite your 
curiosity by making attempts at climax. 

In the first place I was never so grieved in my life as 
when I found that you and all my particular friends had 
gone off without giving me the farewell shake of the hand, 
and receiving my parting blessing. I could not realize the 
fact that you had gone, for hours after you left, but no 
one was to blame. I was engaged in business that had to 
be attended to and I suppose you were hurried off. In 
the afternoon I was down at the Emery several times in 
order to see some of my other friends depart and also to 
have an explanation with my Washington friends who 
were said to be ranting around like mad buffaloes and 
seeking me. But whenever I came among them they 
were as quiet and gentle as sucking doves, and hadn't a 
word to say on the subject of knocking down that black- 
guard Martin. The evening passed by without my hav- 



NAAMAN FLETCHER 255 

ing any further difficulty with them. The next day some 
of our boys were over at Washington and saw Martin 
and others who were, a la mode de St. Paul, breathing 
out threatenings and slaughter against Dickie and myself 
and saying if we ever came to Washington within two 
years we should surely pay the penalty of our bravery. I 
am not at all frightened however, and had I any business 
at their village I should not hesitate a moment about go- 
ing over. 

Thrice is he armed who hath his quarrel just. 

All of our professors and, indeed, every one who knows 
anything true about the circumstances, justifies us and 
gives us credit for the deed. In fact, James, I am not at 
all fond of fighting, but I never will stand and permit an 
individual who considers himself my equal to calmly, 
cooly, deliberately, maliciously, and wilfully insult me 
without at the same time calmly, cooly and deliberately 
attempting to knock the gentleman down and teaching 
him a lesson he will not soon forget. So it was with 
Martin, and so it shall ever be with all such. 

Wednesday evening was a rich time for your humble 
correspondent. I was with the ladies, as a matter of 
course, until a late hour, when Maj. Watson came to 
me and told me that Jno. Brown wished to see me. I ex- 
cused myself to the females, and called on Mr. B., where- 
upon I received a very polite invitation to be and appear 
propria persona at his saloon at twelve o'clock, as he then 
and there intended, purposed and meditated to treat his 
old friends and customers who yet remained in town. You 
may be sure that I was not slow in accepting the invite, 
and preparing myself accordingly, hungry and fatigued as 
I then was. The hour of midnight at length rolled 
around, and found cheerfully seated in the above mention- 
ed saloon a circle of fellows surpassed in brilliancy, wit 
and talent only by a full meeting of our beloved Delta 
Association. There was on behalf of the Betas, S. T. 
Wilson, Winters, Dr. Leatherman, Cox, Rankin, Mc- 
Shafer, Denny Rodgers, Ike McKinney, Latham; on the 



256 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

part of the Deltas, Penington, Gilchrist, Logan and Flet- 
cher. They had the advantage of us, as you perceived, in 
numbers. But never mind, "there is a good day coming, 
boys." Aside from these things, I would say, in all can- 
dor, that the ice cream, lemonade and mint julep suffer- 
ed with a vengeance. Jokes were cracked, toasts drunk 
and songs were sung; in a word, "All went merry as a 
marriage bell," and about one o'clock that crowd parted 
never to meet again! The next evening a similar treat 
was given by Murphy. Thus has the vacation opened 
gloriously, and I am beginning to think that could I but 
get a letter from home with money in it sufficient to pay 
my debts, I would be a decidedly clever fellow. 

Friday and Saturday were too unmercifully hot to do 
anything but stay within the shade and cool our parched 
tongues once in awhile with a glass of lemonade cooled 
a little below zero. Yesterday — it having rained in 
the morning — was cool and pleasant, and I went to 
church and spent it very delightfully. As you will readi- 
ly suppose, I missed many a familiar face when looking in 
the church, but I was somewhat surprised to find so many 
still there — there being nearly thirty. Most of these, 
however, will leave to-day; indeed, but a few moments 
since I bade farewell to Denny Rodgers, McKinney, Lo- 
gan and Carson. So they go! Milligan still remains 
here, confined to a bed of sickness ! Poor fellow, he is to 
be pitied. He is reported better this morning. On Sat- 
urday I received a letter from Sam B. He was then on 
board the steamer Michigan, wending his way homeward, 
as happy and as sad as a human being in his circum- 
stances could be. I have no fears for Sam. With his 
talent he must rise, and he must become distinguished. He 
was our first 11 — . May he prove himself worthy so 
distinguished an honor! 

But, my dear Elliott, I must close. I think I have 
written sufficient to convince you fully that I am decided- 
ly some on gossip. I have written thus in order to gratify 
your laudable curiosity, for I know that you can not be 



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Facsimile of Letter of Fletcher to Elliott 



NAAMAN FLETCHER 257 

otherwise than anxious to hear what has become of your 
remaining friends. A thrill of rejoicing ran through me 
when I came to that part of your letter wherein you say 
that your "watchword is Perge and your loadstar the 
highest niche in the temple of Fame." Go on! Go on! 
And again I say, Go on ! With this resolution and your 
own friendship you, too, will succeed and become even a 
more brilliant jewel in the Delta Crown. O, how I do 
rejoice when I reflect that in a few years the names of my 
intimate companions and dearest friends will become the 
highest standards for the rising generations to aim at. 
That they will be regarded with pride as American citi- 
zens and adopted as models worthy of all imitation! So 
must it be. 

And now, my dear Elliott, united by the bond of 
sworn fellowship and the sacred tie of mystic brotherhood, 
I remain, as ever your sincere friend and admirer. 

N. Fletcher. 

P. S. — I had forgotten almost to tell that Penington 
and Gilchrist left the day after Com. Poor fellows, 
they both came near weeping. I embraced each of them, 
and we parted in silence. 

Write soon, and never forget to write always. N. F. 

P. S. 2d. — Tell old Dan, when you write to him again, 
that I would be much gratified if he would write to me; 
that I rejoice in his success, and shall ever rejoice. 

Jefferson College, Aug. 9, 1848. 
Brother Elliott — Your "hasty" letter was duly 
received and gave me pleasure, as all your letters do. I 
have just finished my dinner, at which I stored away in 
the regions abdominal no small amount of corn, beans, 
potatoes, tomatoes, blackberries, pie, etc., etc., and the 
consequence is that I feel more like sleeping than writing, 
but I determined this morning that, Deo volentCj would 
answer a large number of letters which accumulated in 
the postoffice during an absence of two or three weeks — 
among which was yours. This prim and virtuous reso- 
lution, you perceive, is being carried out, but I fear 



2^8 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

that my reputation will be a great sufferer; for, really, it 
is a most difficult matter for me to think what I want to 
say, a more difficult matter still to recollect it long enough 
to write it down. I am in one of those peculiarly dull 
and stupid states which are the inevitable results of dis- 
sipation and loss of sleep. Now, don't be alarmed and 
conclude that I have become dissipated and regardless of 
the rules of decency and propriety — far from it, u e., as 
far from it as when we bade farewell to each other 
(which by the way, we didn't do at all — all your-my 
fault!). But the truth is that last night, or rather yester- 
day I walked out in the country "all for to see my lady 
love," and after spending some time, more or less, in her 
dear presence, I was permitted to retire up-stairs thinking 
over the joys, delights, pleasures and comforts of a stu- 
dent of Old Jefferson. I began to think that now this 
night I will have a glorious sleep, sweet dreams, and 
arise early in the morning refreshed and invigorated, and 
before any of my fellow-students have stirred from their 
repose I will be in my room, as gay as a lark, and they will 
never be any the wiser but that I remained there all 
night. With such thoughts as these I was rapidly sink- 
ing into a state of forgetfulness, and already I felt that I 
was on the border of the land of dreams and in less than 
no time would be commingling with its faery inhabi- 
tants, revelling in palaces and luxuriating amid groves of 
spices and gardens of flowers. But, alas! it ever happens 
that when we are just ready to stretch forth the hand and 
seize on pleasures and delights, they elude our grasp and 
vanish from our sight, and we are left behind disappoint- 
ed and chagrined to find that all was but the fantastic 
vision of a dream or the idle imagining of an overwrought 
and heated imagination. Unfortunately, it proved so 
with me, for just as the last moment of wakefulness was 
about expiring I was aroused by a universal and sudden 
burst of singing — the music of which was anything else 
but that of the sphere. The first words that I caught in 
the affright and agitation of the moment were: 



NAAMAN FLETCHER 259 

"He had no wool on the top of his head. 
The place where the wool ought to grow. 
Den lay dozvn de shovel and de hoe. 
Hang up de fiddle and de bow; 
No more work for poor old Ned: 
For he's gone where de good niggers go!" 
I jumped out of bed, ran to the window, which, for- 
tunately, happened to be up, and stood listening for a 
few moments, when I was enabled to make out who 
these wandering minstrels "mought be" and the cause of 
this serenade. I soon learned that Mason, Grier, Hawk- 
ins, Bankston, and two of the Quails and some two or 
three others, were in the crowd. After they finished their 
song the rascals commenced vociferously calling for Flet- 
cher! I was thunderstruck. How in the d — 1 did they 
know that I was there, and then what right had they to 
follow me out from town and call me up from my rosy 
slumbers in a style so unusual and unceremonious. I an- 
swered from the window and inquired the cause of the 
call. They declared that I should go to town with them 
— that I had slipped off from them in the evening, but 
that they had found out where I was, and had come out to 
escort me in. I remonstrated, but all in vain, so I made 
it a work of necessity and dressed myself and went down 
and was hailed by them as a brother and a friend. We 
then gave the fair girls another song or two and departed 
for the other house. Arrived there we sang them several 
songs, were invited in and treated to a good supper, 
"sipped of some good old rye," as those called it who 
partook of it, related a few anecdotes by way of episode, 
toasted our host and hostess, left in a perfect whirl of en- 
thusiasm for town, where we arrived about three o'clock 
A. M. 

Now, I hope you understand how it is that 1 was in 
noisy company, lost my sleep, and am dull and stupid, 
without being at all a dissipated character. You recollect 
old Jno. T.'s saying, "Necessitas non habet legeml" So it 
was with your humble respondent. But a truce to this, 



26o HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

for I think I hear you say, "By the gods! What an in- 
troduction! Will it never have an end?" Yes, my 
dear Elliott, the exordium is now closed, and I am ready 
for all sorts of gossip — news, accidents and incidents. 

I might dispense with Canonsburg almost with one 
sentence by saying that things remain in statu quo; for 
really there is not much variety in this farmers' village, 
and now especially with us students who remain housed 
up in the old college. Our chief diversions consist in 
fiddling (our musicians are Hawkins, Drake, Logan and 
Grier), dancing, card playing {entre nous), stealing (pro- 
curing) pears, green corn and peaches, hunting, fishing, 
and visiting the fair sex. These delightful and innocent 
pleasures, interspersed now and then with the reading of a 
novel, occupy our time and cause it to pass us unnoticed 
and unperceived. Indeed, I can scarcely realize the fact 
that eight weeks of the vacation are gone and but five or 
six remaining, yet it is even so. 

But do you ask if I remember the companions of last 
winter? I shall never forget them! That chosen band 
— the "immortal six." How like unto brothers do they 
seem. Yea, my heart yearns to see them again and clasp 
them to my heart. Their places are not yet supplied, nor 
ever will they be. Oh, how delightful and how melan- 
choly the remembrance of the past! Elliott and Mc- 
Carty, Sam B. and old Dan, Gregg and Ray! My firm 
and unwavering friends, think ye I can forget? Never! 
Before I close I must tell you of the glorious result of the 
Washington experiment of the Delta chapter. I know it 
will do your soul good, as it doth the upright in heart. 
Logan and I were over there last week and attended one 
of their meetings. They initiated one member, which made 
the nineteenth, and they are all the very first fellows of the 
institution. They will have all the honors on commence- 
ment, and nearly every speaker will be Delta. They are 
warm and enthusiastic in the cause, and declare it to be 
the best thing of the kind extant ! Even so say we. They 
have obtained fourteen pins, and will wear them in a week 
or two. This will make the B.'s look wild. 



NAAMAN FLETCHER 261 

But are you going to Brookville? Old "Mac" writes 
that he is trying his best to persuade you to come. If you 
can do well, go, for you will find old "Mac" no half- 
souled friend, and I know he is very anxious that you 
should do so. Now, my dear Elliott, let me conjure you 
to write soon and write a long, long letter — one in which 
I can see the soul. 

Believe me ever sincerely your friend. N. Fletcher 

I have many more things to write about, but have not 
time now. I should have told how I started from col- 
lege never again expecting to return, and how my friends 
interfered in my behalf and how I came back again. But 
more anon. 

Jefferson College^ Nov. 11, 1848. 

Dear Elliott — To-day is, as you will perceive from 
the date, Saturday, and I have determined to write you a 
few hasty lines "whedder or no." Your last kind letter 
would have been answered long ago, if I had known in 
the first place where to send my letter. I was left in 
doubt as to your whereabouts, inasmuch as you wrote that 
you would probably go to Wheeling to teach, or else 
some other place. When I read this, I supposed you in- 
tended that I should delay my answer until you wrote 
again, either to myself or some one of our band. After 
hearing from you again I was so busy in society matters 
and the Lyceum, and besides I knew that old Ben and 
Crews kept you posted up with the glorious intelligence 
of old JeflFerson, and I on that account further delayed; 
but now an opportunity of writing is afforded, and by 
the everlasting hills, I will seize upon it. The election 
is over — Taylor is elected and Cass defeated ! ! ! Oh, ye 
gods, would that mine eyes were a fountain of tears, that 
I might mourn over the afflictions of our people ! Yes, 
Jim, old Pennsylvania, the keystone in the Democratic 
arch, has proved recreant to the trust reposed upon her 
and truly has aided in defeating one of the best men ever 
offered to the American people! Shame upon her! for- 
ever shame upon her! I will cease this section of the 



262 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

Union just as soon as I can get a diploma — now mark 
that. But there is one consolation left and that is that 
Ohio, the glorious Buckeye State, has gone right for once 
on the presidential question. I tell you, Jim, that I feel 
proud of the land of my birth — I will never leave nor 
forsake it. It is my own proud Ohio! But enough of 
this soul-stirring and melancholy theme. Let me forget 
and bury my grief in the "ashes of despair." 

A few days since I had the pleasure of hearing from 
you through Crews, and right glad was I to hear that you 
are still right side up with care — enjoying life and push- 
ing onward and upward in the great struggle for fame 
and glory. It is most gratifying to me to have such news 
from those I love and esteem, as 1 do my brethren of the 
"mystic tie." It gladdens my soul and always adds 
greatly to the measure of my happiness. Old Jno. Tem- 
pleton is, if I am permitted to judge from his letters, 
fulfilling his destiny and answering our expectations to 
the utmost. Now that electioneering times are over, I 
hope that both Jno. T. and my very dear friend Elliott 
will lay aside all thoughts of addressing popular assemblies 
and devote their entire attention to the study of their 
chosen profession. Aim to be distinguished lawyers, 
and the rest will follow as a matter of course. Sam B. 
in the character of pedagogue is prospering and, I believe 
comparatively happy, but his ambition I know aims at 
something which he thinks a higher and nobler calling. 
Oh, why are we not all born rich? Why must the 
immortal spirit be clogged and hampered and chained 
down to the dull realities of existence merely because the 
man has not a few pieces of paltry gold? I often wish 
'twas otherwise so that I might have the gratification of 
beholding some of my dear friends in that condition of 
life best suited to their minds. Old Daniel in Colum- 
biana writes me a most cheering letter, and my hopes of 
him have been strengthened. Go on, then, companion of 
my other days, and may thy success be commensurate to 
thy worth ! 



NAAMAN FLETCHER 263 

Gregg is now in Washington studying law. He was 
over here week before last, and spent two or three days. 
So was Jno. Penington — but I am forgetting myself. 
Ray detailed all their circumstances to you and I must 
not repeat. So much concerning our departed brothers. 
O, if you, /'. e., all of you, only knew with what deep 
solicitude we watch your efforts in the struggle of life, I 
am satisfied that it would cheer you on your ways, and be 
strong consolation in the hour of reverses and disappoint- 
ments. Know then, my dear Elliott, that such is the 
case. Every letter that arrives from a Delta is canvassed 
by us in Council assembled, and when we know that suc- 
cess has crowned the effort of any one we, too, rejoice 
with him, and are glad in our souls. 

Last night was one of the most interesting sessions of 
the F. L. Society that I ever saw. There was nothing 
but regular performance, but then they were of a super- 
ior order, and in number not small. We were in until 
nearly twelve o'clock, and adjourned without one hard 
feeling having been created. Since Old Ben wrote to 
you nothing of interest has occurred, only — and that is 
what we all deeply regret — our brother Gilchrist has 
been compelled to leave college and go home on account of 
sickness. He has been unwell for several weeks with a 
pain in his side and a cough. He thinks that he will be 
quite well against Christmas, and will then return to col- 
lege and resume his studies. He left on Thursday, and I 
have not heard from him since. In consequence of his de- 
parture Old Ben and I have moved our quarters from 
'Tort" Ballentine to 'Tort" McCoughus, and we are 
now quietly ensconced in the room where Jno. Penington 
delivered his valedictory. "Call and see us." Israel 
Pershing came on to-day, and we will no doubt have him 
in our association forthwith. On Wednesday we took in 
Krepps, one of our seniors. He is a splendid fellow — 
was at Washington a year ago and was considered one 
of the most talented there. So goes it. 

Our exhibition will come off in March at the close of 



264 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

the winter session. Frazer and I are the champions on 
debate, and we discuss this question, viz., "Is error in 
judgment a proper subject of moral disapprobation?" 
Aff., Frazer; deny, Fletcher. What do you think of it? 

But I must really close. I have three other letters to 
write this afternoon, and it is now nearly two o'clock. So, 
brother, farewell, and may happiness await upon your 
steps and pleasure be your handmaid. N. Fletcher 

P. S. — Write soon. 

Jefferson College, Jan. 6, 1849. 
Dear Brother Elliott — Your welcome letter was 
forwarded to me at Butler, whither I had gone to spend 
the holidays with our friend Gilchrist. Yesterday I re- 
turned again to Canonsburg, the "loveliest village of the 
plain," and now that I have got warmed and rested the 
first thing I do is to answer thy epistle. Right glad am I, 
my dear friend, that you are so comfortably situated and 
are enjoying life in the manner that you say. Nothing 
gives me more pleasure than the perusal of my friends' 
letters wherein I read that they are happy, contented and 
prospering, for I recognize in their success an omen of my 
own, when I shall have finished my course and like them 
have gone forth into the world to try my fortunes. Yes, 
Bro. Elliott, I rejoice in your welfare, and only wish that 
your success may be doubled. Then you are reading and 
luxuriating in my favorite — Blackstone — among law- 
yers, the book of books. But, really, as you say, I al- 
ways considered that part of which you speak as very dry 
and uninteresting, but then I waded through once, twice 
and thrice, and so must you! Cool comfort? "There 
is no excellence without labor." This is especially true 
in the science of law. No getting lessons then merely for 
the purpose of reciting to a professor and then forgetting 
them forever. O, no, a man to be a good lawyer, must 
possess accurate and ready knowledge, so that whenever 
he is called upon for his opinion on a question of law, 
whether it be in the street or in open court, he may be at 
once prepared to give it without consulting his books. 




X 



U 



CO 



NAAMAN FLETCHER 265 

Bear this in mind, young man, and your success is certain 

— you see that I have assumed the dignity of adviser. 
This is the advantage of being a member of the bar — an 
old practitioner. 

The villian of whom you spoke in your letter as having 
turned traitor to our association is the son of the * * * 
* * *, of * * *. He has fine talents, and is gentle- 
manly in his deportment, but at heart a perjured vil- 
lain! The poor devil can't look one of us in the face 

— "a guilty conscience needs no accuser." We say 
nothing to him, or even about him except among our- 
selves. Let him go and do his worst, and may the frowns 
of hell be upon him. Our chapter is in a prosperous con- 
dition — the members are one in spirit and action, and 
all "seems to go merry as a marriage bell." The second 
session has just begun, and we will soon have a meeting 
of the chapter when two or three names will be proposed 
for consideration — all good fellows and true. In regard 
to matters and things in general about college I believe 
there is nothing except three new students and the fact 
that Harry Snyder delivers a course of lectures to our 
class on Saturdays, beginning next week. He is styled in 
reference to this fact "professor and de omnibus rebus et 
quibusdam aliis." These lectures are to be not confined to 
any one thing in particular, but rather upon subjects that 
are not in any part of the course "and concerning which 
many of our graduates are ignorant when they receive 
their diplomas." Of course, you are an exception to this 
rule. We anticipate much from the efforts of this inde- 
fatigable and impartial professor. We may be disap- 
pointed. 

The weather is quite cold; the beautiful Chartiers is 
closed with ice and affords us fine skating, consequently 
most of my time is spent thereat. I was out all this fore- 
noon with many others, and a glorious time we had ; but I 
am now quite tired ; indeed too tired to write a good 
letter (if so be that I do so at any time). You will, there- 



266 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

fore, in your wrath, remember mercy. I have quite a num- 
ber of letters to answer forthwith, and this is a matter 
that I have never neglected. Now, no reflections upon 
yourself; but, in fact, unless unavoidably prevented, I 
never forget to answer soon my friends' correspondence. 
I must write to McCarty, Crofts, Sam B., and several 
others. 

Old Ben has been home; recruited his flagging spirits 
and is now with us, looking two hundred per cent, bet- 
ter than you ever saw him. Indeed, Jim, you would 
hardly know old Ray, he has improved so much. We 
often talk together of bygone days — of our meetings, our 
walks, our talks, and our various amusements and de- 
lights. Happy days ; too happy to endure long. 

Our exhibition is now the all-engrossing subject among 
the Franks and among the students generally; next thing 
in importance is the senior orations, which will be begun 
next Tuesday week. We will not have music, but then 
it is expected that the music of our speeches will amply 
compensate for any loss of the kind. I have one of the 
prettiest little orations — about eight minutes long — 
that will be listened to this session. Subject: "Un- 
written Music." How do you like it? All poetry; not 
a line of prose in it! "Ye gods," methinks I hear you, 
"what a fool!" Now, don't be so fast, young man; wait 
until you hear it. When I say it is poetry I don't mean 
that it is written in rhymes, nor yet in blank verse. Oh, 
no ; I never yet have been fool enough to perpetrate any- 
thing of that kind; but then, you know, Jas., that a per- 
formance may be poetical and yet not rhyme. Thus it is 
with mine. I wrote to please the fancy and tickle the 
ear. How I have succeeded will be for others to judge at 
the proper time. 

You see I am writing with all sorts of pens; well, 
when I commence I never like to stop to mend or make 
a pen. It ruins a train of thought and destroys all con- 
nections ! 



NAAMAN FLETCHER 267 

Gilchrist is here in pretty good health, and begs to be 
remembered to you. 

Write soon, and believe me as your sincere friend. 

N. Fletcher. 

Springhill at the foot of the Allegheny Mountains 

April 6th, 1849 
Dear Sam B. 

From the date of this letter you will perceive that I am 
not at Canonsburg but rather among some of the ever- 
lasting hills that you read about. It is sufficient for an 
explanation to say that the morning after Exhibition I 
started with one of my fellow students for this place 
where I shall spend my vacation. So many things occur 
to me that I am at a perfect loss what to write first — 
Your last letter afforded me several hearty laughs, al- 
though I did not believe a word of your supposititious 
story. I freely grant that did the opportunity offer, you 
would as freely and willingly engage in such an affair, but 
I cannot think that you could be persuaded to lay aside 
your books long enough to bring about such a result. 
However the story was very well told and the ruse to 
deceive me succeeded admirably. I cannot at the present 
time retaliate but may at some future "make a desperate 
attempt and splendid failure." Well the Exhibition is 
over, Sam, and Frazer and I have separated perhaps for- 
ever but before we did so I gave a few of my best licks 
that he will not soon forget. I had written out a debate 
on the negative that I thought knocked his all to the 
devil but I did not speak the half of it — I threw it aside 
and went it offhand and O ye gods and little fishes, but 
I did endeavor to make the damn sneak feel that he had 
the smallest possible soul. He made me very angry up in 
the Hall just before we came down, by opposing your 
election to deliver our diplomas and I then swore I would 
be revenged — and suffice it to say that I was completely 
satisfied. I have heard nothing from an impartial source 
concerning the merits of my performance except one. 
Harry Snyder was passing through Union Town yester- 



268 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

day and was conversing with the old gentleman with 
whom I am staying and in speaking of my debate he re- 
marked that "it was an excellent debate but he thought 
that I was most too severe upon my opponent." This 
coming from Harry is not so bad. But then the debate 
is over and what has been done can't be undone. I said 
that you were chosen to deliver the annual address to the 
graduating members of the Franklin L. Society, but I 
must tell you the fact that it required an eflort — the 

d n long ear tribe going against it to a man, but they 

were too few — "they were weighed in the balance and 
found wanting." I will not particularize. I will not tell 
how the President refused to take the chair and call the 
house to order, and how your humble servant did it for 
him — I will not say how many speeches Arnold made 

against it and how mortified the whole d n crew were 

when a large majority stepped out in the floor for you — 
their ears fell right flat on the floor and as I went out I 
stepped on several. Now Sam as to your duty in our be^ 
half. I trust that you will at once accept, and for the 
Honor of our beloved association come over and help 
us — that will deliver us one of your best — something 
like the speech on the expunging of those black lines or 
your valedictory to the Delta on the evening before our 
last Commencement. You will have a better audience than 
Gilson had as we will endeavor to have the address after 
night and doubtless many of our brethren at Washington 
will be over. But I need not say a word — your own 
good sense and taste and a desire to build up and establish 
our Order will be a sufficient guaranty that all will be 
done as it should be. 

You have doubtless heard from Gilchrist by this time 
and I need not enter into the particulars of anything con- 
nected with the College. I have had miserable health this 
winter Sam and I feel that were my time at College to be 
prolonged very much that I could not endure it. For the 
four weeks preceding our Exhibition I had not an hour of 
sound sleep and at one time I really thought that I must 



NAAMAN FLETCHER 269 

give up all and let the Exhibition go. Indeed on the night 
of the performance I was quite unwell — but thank 
Heaven I am still on the land of the living and home of 
the free, and feel that every day I am gaining strength and 
health. I am in one of the loveliest places that my eyes 
ever beheld — within a half a mile of the Virginia line — 
at the foot of the Allegheny Mountains and with one of 
the most pleasant agreeable and intelligent families that I 
have ever met with. There are two lovely black eyed 
girls who talk French as fluently I should judge as they 
do the English. They are fine musicians, and in the 
evening we all gather in the parlor and then let music 
reign supreme. Speaking of blackeyed girls, Sam, I am 
reminded of your "jealousy," and while I think of it I 
had better say to you that I was totally unconscious of 
your designs in that quarter at the time that I was flour- 
ishing in Butler, and if I had known it I do assure 
that I would never have permitted an arrow from Cupid's 
quiver to have pierced my gizzard, but under the circum- 
stances how could I have avoided it being, as I was, en- 
tirely free from all similar engagements and attachments, 
and in daily — aye, hourly, communication with those 
"large, dark, spiritual eyes" and as lively a creature as I 
could have wished for. Indeed I could not. It would 
have been doing great injustice not to have worshipped at 
the shrine of such beauty and loveliness. But Sam I be- 
lieve I am capable of doing a generous act and as you have 
so candidly confessed your strong, ardent and firm attach- 
ment for the unseen beauty, and as you are my sworn 
brother and very dear friend I cannot do otherwise than 
yield to your request and submit entirely to your superior 
merit. And now Sam my best wishes in the pursuit of 
such a prize — 'tis no ordinary one. The beauty, accom- 
plishments and loveliness that you have heard me speak 
is no poetical fiction — (as you may very well know com- 
ing as it does from me) but a "stern reality" therefore 
put on your very best looks — shave, shirt and — so forth, 
and thence forthwith go over and pay our mutual friend 



270 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

and brother J. P. G. a visit and should the lovely Jenny 
be at home, and you do not come off more than conqueror 
then, indeed, have I under-rated your ability to please 
the fair. 

As for me, I have now to do with other darkeyed ones, 
and as I am now writing I see their fairylike forms glide 
past me with the quietness of the evening zephyr. I have 
been struggling for several days but I find that it is no 
use fighting against the spirit of Love. I must yield. He 
must, indeed, be a hard-hearted and reckless creature that 
can behold day after day such charms and not feel that 
the human soul was made to love and be loved — not to 
feel the warmth of passion begin to dissolve the icebound 
heart and permit the warm blood to gush through it freely 
and purely. I confess that love is too much an everyday 
affair with me to resist such influences. I am too sus- 
ceptible of soft impression to escape the toils that I know 
to be weaving around me — so then here's in for it, let 
come what will. Tomorrow I take a long ride with my 
fair one to see the house or rather the former residence of 
the distinguished Albert Gallatin. You know where this 
is and when it was built as all this and more too is re- 
corded in the historical recollections of Pennsylvania. 
This property now belongs to my fair one, and doubtless 
she will point out to me all its beauties and conveniences, 
though she is as modest and artless as the lily or the 
mountain daisy. Indeed, her modesty is only equalled by 
her virtue. But I must not enlarge upon this fruitful 
theme or I will have you jealous again, and "darn my 
riggin" if I yield up this time. Do you hear that ? 

Yesterday Sam, I had one of the loveliest strolls that I 
ever had in my life. I do believe that I never felt so much 
the power of nature to enlarge and expand the soul as I 
did then. Soon after breakfast four of us — one young 
man besides myself and two boys, started for the moun- 
tains to fish for trout, and to shoot whatever game might 
chance to fall in our way. We ascended one of the very 
highest peaks in our ramble and when we had reached the 



NAAMAN FLETCHER 271 

very summit, we turned around to look at the plain — 
below and Oh! ye gods if ever I beheld a lovely, trans- 
porting sight it was then. I just threw off my hat, and 
coat, and gave one of the boys my fishing rod, and stood 
and hallooed until I could have been heard in Pittsburgh. 
It is utterly beyond the power of language to convey an 
idea of one's feelings when under such inspiration. In 
looking towards the West I could see the Monongahela 
and Cheat rivers winding along among the hills for miles 
until they finally met, embraced and in each other lost. 
Hill after hill — vale after vale lay spread out before me 
until it seemed that I could distinguish in the distance 
my own beloved home in the Far West. Here a village, 
and there a village sent up their curling wreaths of smoke. 
Upon the sunny side of almost every hill were to be seen 
the cheerful farmhouses that seemed in the distance no 
bigger than my hat. Altogether it was a grand sight and 
truly sublime. But here I am at the close of my sheet and 
must omit the particulars of our trout fishing among the 
mountains. When I see you, Sam, I will tell you all. 
Now will you write to me forthwith? Don't delay so 
long — only eight weeks more at College and then for 
the West ! Oh, my feelings when I think of it ! 
Sincerely thy true friend and Brother 

N. Fletcher. 

Piqua, Jan. 8th, 1850 
Dear Sam B. 

Your welcome letter was duly received and I embrace 
the first opportunity that has offered itself of replying to 
it. I had been informed some time ago of your removal 
to Somerset in company with Cy and Jim and I must say 
that I was rather pleased than otherwise when I learned 
that you three were all engaged together in the study of 
law. As a matter of course, Sam, it would have given me 
pleasure to have heard from you sooner. Indeed I had 
looked anxiously for a letter. But since my departure 
from college I have learned that it is not always a matter 
of choice when we shall answer the letter of a friend. It 



{ 



272 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

depends in a great measure upon circumstances — I hence 
concluded that something prevented you from writing 
and I would patiently wait until your leisure afforded an 
opportunity. I have just laid down the third volume of 
Kent's Commentaries whtn I had been reading all about 
Incorporeal Hereditaments — and specially the right of 
' piscary. This you are by this time aware is no very in- 
teresting subject to the student of law in one of the West- 
ern States, and I assure you that it was with the greatest 
difficulty that I could keep from snoozing a little. I feel 
therefore like doing everything else but writing a letter. 
But I am sure if I should delay until I did feel like writ- 
ing an age would elapse before your letter would be an- 
swered. I entertain, as perhaps you are aware, some 
curious notions about this world, but I shall not stop here 
to disclose them. I shall reserve that until we meet. I 
would like very much to convey to you an adequate idea 
of what I am doing if it were possible, but I fear that I 
cannot accomplish it, so various are my pursuits. I am 
ostensibly an "Attorney and Counsellor at Law and Solic- 
itor in Chancery" and as such I am endeavoring to obtain 
a living practice that legitimately belongs to the pro- 
fession. But I tell you Sam that a young lawyer who is 
just beginning the practice and who depends upon his 
own exertions for his support and livelihood, must stoop 
to a great many things that do not strictly belong to his 
calling — for instance he must not refuse to draw up 
deeds for the conveyance of real estate — a thing which 
almost any jackass of the Peace can do as well as he. Nor 
must he refuse to collect a small claim, which any body 
else could do. These among other things must all be done 
by the young lawyer. In this way I made five dollars 
yesterday, and in fact I make more by collecting than in 
any other ways. The consequence is that I am half the 
time out of my office, running around through town or 
else in some neighboring town. I am endeavoring this 
winter to review my law studies. I wish, indeed, I must 
read over the standard authors in Law, so as to be pre- 



.f^-^-^, ^f^<^.^^C v^/lTiw^ ^ •,.&_.^^,tA,/«^^^, ' ^v..,..-,^^ o£5f.^^->- 




ACSIAIILE OF LAST PAGE OF LETTER WRITTEN" BY ThOMAS W. B. 

RE\vs TO James Elliott from his home, Woodlawn, Glas- 
gow, ^'IissouRi, July 21, i84<S 



NAAMAN FLETCHER 273 

pared for the courts during the next judicial year. With 
this object in view, and interrupted as I must necessarily 
be and am — I am about as hard a student as I was at 
Jefferson College. I read more or less every day when I 
am at home. Then there are other things to occupy time 
which are incidents of a professional man's life. We have 
our Lyceum in town in which are congregated the literati 
of the place. Here I must once in a while blow off and 
I tell you truly that it requires my utmost efforts to sus- 
tain a fair standing among my fellow members. A week 
or two ago I consented to address one of the public 
schools in town at the close of the quarter not for a 
moment supposing that any persons but the scholars and 
teachers would be present. Hence I made no preparation 
whatever. You can therefore judge of my surprise when 
on the day before the examination it was publicly an- 
nounced that "Mr. Fletcher a graduate of Jefferson Col- 
lege" would address the school the next day and every 
person was invited to attend. I never was so completely 
got in my life when I went up to the school house the 
next day and found it jammed and crowded with ladies 
and gentlemen — young and old. I however succeeded 
in making one of my happiest efforts and came off eventu- 
ally with "great eclat." The Holidays in this place have 
been unusually lively — parties, balls, concerts, dancing 
school — weddings, sleighing, — are some of the amuse- 
ments which enable us to drive away dull care. Last 
night I spent the evening with a lovely girl who gradu- 
ated last year at the Granville Female Seminary. She is 
one of your bright intellectual girls who is all simplicity 
and grace — destitute of all affection and coquetry. You 
can imagine how I enjoy the company of such a lady. In 
fact I would gladly spend all my evenings with her and 
yet I am not in love — no, by no manner of means. My 
bright ideal is in the old Keystone State. But then when 
I become intimate in a family where all the members are 
refined and intelligent and always glad to have me call 
and who lay aside their dignity (I mean that dignity nee- 



274 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

essary to put on before strangers or those who are not 
familiar) and invite me in the midst of their family — 
thus leaving the parlor to its loneliness — I tell you Sam 
I enjoy the society of such and in enjoying their society I 
enjoy life. Such a family is the one I visited last night. 
The old gentleman is a regular bred physician of high 
standing, who graduated a number of years ago at Union 
College, New York, where he obtained a splendid educa- 
tion. His manners are those of the perfect gentleman — 
He is a member of the Presbyterian Church. The old 
lady was born and bred in North Carolina and was the 
daughter of a rich planter. She is likewise very intelli- 
gent and refined. Then the oldest daughter is all that I 
could hope to find in woman ! There are two other chil- 
dren — a young man — very much like George Kennedy 
and about his age — and a younger sister who is all loveli- 
ness. This completes the family and a lovelier family I 
never knew. When I called in the evening I found only 
the older girl in the parlor. But when the other members 
of the family heard my voice they came in all but the old 
gentleman and little Maggie (who is about 14 years old). 
I enquired for her and found that she had been sick for 
some days, but was so as to be up. Before I had time to 
make many enquiries Maggie came in — "She would 
come in to see me for I had not been there for a week." 
After a while the old gentleman came home and here I 
was with the whole family, not as a stranger, but more 
like a son. We sat and talked, and laughed and philoso- 
phized for hours — But young people will always stay 
up later than the old folks and during the course of the 
evening I all at once realized the fact that "Lizzie" and 
myself were alone sitting side by side reading a letter 
that she had just received from one of her "dear school- 
mates." When I looked into her soft black eyes that 
looked "love to eyes that spake again" I tell you that 
nothing but my undying passion for my lady love in old 
Pennsylvania kept me from declaring right out that I 
loved her ! And yet I am not in love with her Sam. But 



NAAMAN FLETCHER 275 

oh if you could only be here a few weeks and be with 
her as often as I have been. I know that you could not 
resist her charms and fascinations, freed as you are from 
all "entangling alliances." And then Sam how she would 
love you! It would be that pure and holy love which one 
bright intelligence entertains for a kindred spirit. Indeed, 
as I talked with her I could not avoid thinking of you, 
and I told of you, and as I spoke of our sincere friendship 
for each other and of the qualities that you possessed and 
which I praised so much she sighed and bid me speak of 
you again to her. Yes Sam she is lovely, altogether lovely 
and yet I declare I am not in love with her. 

Your thoughts concerning our cherished association 
meet with my cordial concurrence. The same thoughts 
had occurred to me time and again, but situated as I was, 
I could not act. I could do no more than what I did. 
It would be most gratifying to me to meet again with the 
Founders of our order and do what ever was in my power 
to perfect our Constitution. But I hardly can hope for 
such a thing — indeed I could not appoint a time when I 
would be able to meet you all. But whatever can be done 
by suggestion to the members at Jefferson College I am 
most willing to do. And let me say to you Sam that I 
know of no three persons to whom I would sooner com- 
mit the remodelling of our Constitution than yourself and 
your two associates in the study of Law. Get together, 
talk the matter over, compare views, digest a system, try 
it and after you have made every improvement that you 
can make send the result of your labors to our brethren 
at College and let them act upon it. 

But I must close. My supper bell is ringing and calls 
me hence. Give my best to Jim and Cy and tell them 
both to write to me forthwith. Pcrge ! 
As Ever 

N. Fletcher 

^t will not be inapropos here to make brief mention 
the man who led Phi Gamma Delta when all the 



276 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

founders were gone. "That God of boys, Tom Crews," 
as Logan calls him in a letter, appears prominently in 
the early minutes : 

September 29, 1849, Crews was appointed chairman of 
a committee to fix signs for the association ; March 2, 
1849, he was appointed a committee to make passwords. 

May 17, 1850, he was a committee to draft by-laws 
and revise the constitution. 

His greatest work in the fraternity, however, was the 
introduction of William E. McLaren to the "Delta As- 
sociation" May 21, 1850. The friendship between these 
two was lifelong. One entry in Crews's interesting 
diary, Index Rerunij records the affection between 
them: 

McLaren writing to me from Cleveland 21st May, 
'53, thus drinks my health in a glass of sherry: 
Here's to your health in this glass of wine, 
Your health in this glass of wine, Tom Crews; 
Watch over the flames of your friendship, Tom, 
As I do watch over mine, 

Thine McL. 

And here's a bumper to 5'ou, friend Mac, 

Of the richest Muscatelle, 
That vestal fire is still burning, Mac, 

Brighter than the flames of h-ll. 
And here's a pledge to you, my friend, 

In the juice of the red grape given, 
I'll watch that flame till life shall end 

And light it then in heaven. 

Judge Thomas B. Crews, of St. Louis, has told me 
that his father had tattooed on his left arm, above the 
elbow, the Greek letters * * * The nephew of Ellis 
Bailey Gregg is quite positive that Gregg also had tat- 
tooed on his left arm the mystic letters. The supposi- 
tion, however, that the founders and the early initiates 




i850 



NAAMAN FLETCHER 277 

were all tatooed in this manner is dispelled by the testi- 
mony of the widow of John Templeton McCarty that 
such marks did not exist on the arm of McCarty. 

Crews left Jefferson for Union College, Schenectady, 
where he took his A.B., in 1851. He retained his af- 
fection for Phi Gamma Delta while at Union, to judge 
from an entry in Index Rerum for January 31, 1851 : 
Toda}' the two parties of the Senior Class met to deter- 
mine on a day for the election of class marshal. The 
Sigma Phi and Psi Upsilon Frats form one party to- 
gether with the A. O. (Only Alternative, according to 
Dr. Nott) and the Chi Phis, Kappa Alphas, Theta Delta 
Chis and Delta Phis form the other. The neutrals are 
scattered about on either side but for the Phi Gamma 
Delta Society I am the sole representative here, and take 
pleasure in ranking here with the latter party. 

The portrait here published shows the Delta pin on 
his waistcoat. 

After graduating from Union, Crews studied law in 
Schenectady, and in 1855 commenced to practice at 
Marshall, Missouri. 

When the Civil War began, he took the field in com- 
mand of a company under Southern colors. For brav- 
ery in some half-dozen battles he was promoted 
lieutenant-colonel of the Second Missouri regiment. He 
was captured and sent to St. Louis and bore the distinc- 
tion of being the first paroled prisoner of the war in 
Missouri. In 1866 he resumed his law practice in St. 
Louis, where he enjoyed honors in congressional cam- 
paigns at the hand of the Democratic party. He mar- 
ried, in 1857, Miss Virginia Jeffries, a daughter of C. 
S. Jeffries, a pioneer of Missouri from Virginia. Col- 
onel Crews died in St. Louis, June 25, 1891, at the age 
of fifty-nine years. A family of six children survive 



278 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

him. His son, Judge Thomas B. Crews, of St. Louis, 
has placed at my disposal several old records of his 
father, among them some pamphlets bound in a volume 
called "College Miscellany" with the fly leaf auto- 
graphed "T. W. B. Crews, * * * Glasgow, Mo." 

The first thing of interest in this volume is a copy of 
the Family Circle and Parlor Annual, which was pub- 
lished by D. Newell, New York City, in 1849. One of 
the articles in the issue is by Cyrus L. Pershing, entitled 
"A Glance at the Benevolence of the Age." Pershing 
was in the class of 1848, Jefferson, and one of the first 
initiates. He became a well-known citizen of Pennsyl- 
vania and was for years presiding judge of the twenty- 
first judicial district of Pennsylvania. Another pam- 
phlet in this volume is an address delivered in behalf of 
the Franklin Literary Society of Jefferson College to 
the graduating members, June 13, 1848. The commit- 
tee of publication were three members of Phi Gamma 
Delta: J. P. Gilchrist, James W. Logan, and Samuel 
B. Wilson. There is also bound in the volume an 
address delivered before the Franklin Literary Society 
of Jefferson College at its semi-centennial anniversary, 
November 14, 1847, by the Rev. W. A. Passavant. 
The first name on the committee of three on publication 
is the signature of our founder, "J. Templeton Mc- 
Carty." This pamphlet is of much interest, for it gives 
a complete history of Jefferson College from the time of 
the organization of the M'Millan log cabin, which is 
now in the possession of Phi Gamma Delta, as a me- 
morial to the founders. There is also in the volume 
another pamphlet, an address also given at the semi- 
centennial anniversary of the Franklin Literary Society, 
in which J. Templeton McCarty is again chairman of 







1850 



NAAMAN FLETCHER 279 

the committee on publication. It is evident from this 
book of "Miscellany" that Crews associated with the 
members of Psi Upsilon at Union, as there are several 
pamphlets of addresses before the Psi Upsilon fraterni- 
ty in the volume. There are also bound addresses given 
before the Phi Beta Kappa society and before the Phi- 
lomathean Literary Society of Union College, and 
Crews probably held membership in both. 

Another exceedingly interesting pamphlet in Volume 
II of "College Miscellany" is a catalogue of Union 
College of 1 85 1, in which the name of Crews appears in 
the senior class. There are 239 students registered in 
this catalogue. The very unusual thing is the printing 
of the names of the secret societies and the list of mem- 
bers. There are given: Kappa Alpha, founded at 
Union in 1825, the first fraternity, after Phi Beta 
Kappa, to be founded in an American college; Sigma 
Phi, founded at Union in 1827; Delta Phi, founded at 
Union in 1827; Psi Upsilon, founded at Union in 1833; 
the Fraternal Society, founded at Union in 1833, and 
which, in 1859, became a chapter of Alpha Delta Phi; 
Chi Psi, founded at Union in 1841 ; Theta Delta Chi, 
founded at Union in 1848; the Equitable Fraternity, an 
anti-secret society, founded at Williams in 1834, which 
afterwards became Delta Upsilon, and, in addition, 
members from other colleges, of which Beta Theta Pi 
is credited with two members (Andrew J. Poppelton 
and James K. Knight) and Phi Gamma Delta (T. B. 
W. Crews). It is evident that neither the members of 
Beta Theta Pi nor Phi Gamma Delta, who were in 
Union in 1851, found conditions there conducive to the 
establishment of chapters, for Beta Theta Pi did not 
enter Union until 1881 and Phi Gamma Delta did not 



28o HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

establish a chapter at Union until 1893. ^^ is of inter- 
est to the Chi chapter that T. W. B. Crews was the first 
member of the fraternity in Union College. Crews, 
we may assume, was an unofficial envoy extraordinary 
in 1 85 1 from Jefiferson to Union for the purpose of 
establishing a chapter there, but found the conditions 
unfavorable. 

Many of the old songs of Phi Gamma Delta, some by 
Bishop McLaren, are preserved in the Index Rerum 
of Crews. One of those by McLaren, "The Delta's 
Farewell," is as follows: 

Adieu, a heart-warm fond adieUj 

Ye brothers of our mystic tie. 
Ye favored and enlightened few. 

Companions of our social joy. • 
Though we also so soon must part 

Pursuing fortune's slippery way. 
With tearful eye and melting heart, 

fVe'll mind you still when far away. 

Oft have we met, a social band. 

To spend a pleasant meeting night 
Oft, too, like brothers hand in hand 

Have passed, oh! many hours so bright 
And by those words, so old, not trite 

Which none but Deltas ever say. 
Fond memory o'er our heart shall write 

Those happy scenes when far away. 

May Phi Gamma Delta still 

Unite us in the bonds of love. 
Such love as this, oh! ever will 

Please the omniscient eye above. 
That you may keep the unerring path. 

The path of right, nor from it stray, 
'Till you may mock the world's weak wrath. 

Will be our prayer when far away. 



fy^o>^ i^" "* o"UZ^ L,^,^~C^ r^o-wvs. Ua- j U 





/^<^^ c^^-^^^,^£c/- .//^Cv-^^ ^ ^ . /A^ '^^^ £-t^^. 




c*-c^c) /^>w^-<^ L<Ay^r l^Uj- f^vv-i^t*-.-, y 

Facsimile of Last Page of Letter of William E. McLaren to 

T. W. B. Crews 

July 8, 1853 



NAAMAN FLETCHER 281 

Farewell, brothers, 'tis sad to break 

The ties so fond and true. 
But faith points out the path to take 

A path unknown and new. 
A last request permit me here 

Our sorrowing hearts to allay. 
Your prayers — we ask them with a tear. 

For us, your friends, when far away. 

And now once more a long adieu, 

"Remember, oh! remember these 
Your Brothers" ever firm and true 

In zephyr wind or adverse breeze. 
No more — no morel These moments bright 

Must cease until that glorious day 
JVhen brothers all once more unite 

In Heavenly Chapter far away. 

Here then ends my account of *'The Immortal Six" 
and the founding of Phi Gamma Delta. We have made 
many a jaunt to dear old Canonsburg. We have found 
the old ''log cabin college," repaired it and builded 
for it a new foundation, and have placed on the cabin 
itself a tablet in bronze to the memory of the founders 
of Phi Gamma Delta. We have looked into every nook 
and cranny of the old college buildings from basement 
to garret and delved into the moldy library, the books 
of which have been unused for over half a century; visi- 
ted the old literary society halls, looked upon the oil 
portraits of Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin, 
given by them to Jefferson College and kept in hiding 
since the decision was made to make Washington and 
Jefferson one. We have made journeys to the old "forts," 
found the room in "Fort" Armstrong where McCarty 
lived and where Phi Gamma Delta was founded, cut 
out the window sill where "Mac" had carved his name. 



282 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

taken out the mantlepiece around which the founders 
had gathered, and carried away the door of "Mac's" 
room. We have driven the country around about with 
a son of one of the first initiates who was born in the old 
town and who knew all the haunts of the old students; 
we missed nothing. We have stood on the site of the 
old "Seceder Church" and found the Hutchinson 
spring. We have seen Briceland's, the popular banquet 
rendezvous of the primeval days of Phi Gamma Delta, 
and stood in the doorway of the Emery Tavern where 
the stage coaches transacted passenger traffic in the days 
of our founders. We have gazed on the ruins of the 
Black Horse Tavern, another hostelry frequented by 
the students of the 40's and 50's, made famous in the 
history of our country as the scene of mail robberies 
during the Whiskey Insurrection of 1794 and the head- 
quarters of the Federal troops under Governor Harry 
Lee of Virginia sent by President Washington to quell 
the rebellion. We have visited the swimming hole, 
shouted in imagination to *'Mac" and his confreres and 
found the water fine. We have lived the student life of 
the forties. We have dug into the dust of garrets, found 
letters in the handwriting of the founders, the manu- 
script of the original constitution, speeches of Wilson 
and Gregg, the cane of McCarty, his watch and his 
diary, Elliott's pin and the Index Rerum of Crews. 
We have followed the founders in their law practice 
and witnessed their defeats and victories, and then we 
have gone to their graves. We have found two, that of 
John Templeton McCarty, in Marysville, California; 
and that of Daniel Webster Crofts, in Clinton, Louisi- 
ana unmarked; we have found that of Naaman 
Fletcher, at Wabash, Indiana, and that of Ellis Bailey 




The Swimming Hole 



NAAMAN FLETCHER 283 

Gregg, at Carmichaels, Pennsylvania, hidden by weeds 
of forgetfulness; we have found two under the watchful- 
ness of loving care, that of James Elliott, at Wellsville, 
Ohio, and that of Samuel Beatty Wilson, at Beaver, 
Pennsylvania. We have participated in the marking of 
each grave, and at last have seen a stone with an inscrip- 
tion: 

"One of the Founders of Phi Gamma Delta." 



EPILEGOMENA 

A correct musical composition begins and ends in the 
same key. The final notes of "The Beginnings" will be 
synchronous with the primal. Our dedicatory prelude 
was to the loyalty of our brothers "of the mystic tie"; 
the postlude will be on the same theme. 

There is evident throughout the correspondence of 
"The Immortal Six," and in the early records of "The 
Delta Association," a grave concern lest the ideals es- 
tablished should not be carefully cherished. This anx- 
iety has been manifest throughout the years in many 
who loved the fraternity, and have worked for her 
because of love. 

When the plans for the Fifty-First Convention in 
1899 were being made it was especially desired that 
General Lew Wallace, then National President of the 
fraternity, should attend the Convention, and give the 
inspiration of his presence. The author of Ben Hur 
was unable because of illness to make the journey from 
Crawfordsville to Dayton, and wrote the following 
greeting: 

Dear Brother Chamberlin : — 

I wish it were in my power to attend the coming 
Annual Banquet of the Phi Gamma Delta at Dayton. As 
that cannot be, permit me to load every brother's plate 
with good wishes to wait on him with a Well done for 
every good and great thing he may do in his life; for by 
such good and great things I know he will make certain 
of the better things of the life to come. 

To me the most beautiful, the most lovable, the most 

[28SI 



286 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 

engaging objects of hope and affection, are the young men 
fast coming to their inheritances, pubh'c and private. As 
they pass before me I follow them with wonder. What 
influences are they to leave behind them? What paths 
are they to pursue? Society is to be theirs; what will 
they have done for it? And the Republic; its mission is 
to minister to the happiness of our own people, and carry 
Freedom to oppressed peoples everywhere; will the mis- 
sion have been sacredly observed ? 

You, more favored than I, to whom the Banquet is 
accessible, rulers of society, keepers of the Republic — you, 
who may chance to hear what here I say, and make divi- 
dend of my good wishes and affection, allow me a refer- 
ence to one law which, well remembered, will make your 
lives of value to the generation, your successors ; it is very 
simple — There is a God. 

Lew Wallace. 

This was written more than twenty years ago. It 
seems very strange when a legion of brothers had just 
given themselves for the righteousness of the Spanish- 
American War that there should have been any implied 
doubt of the worth of the young brothers of the time. 

And the Republic; its mission is to minister to the 

happiness of our own people, and carry Freedom to 

oppressed peoples everywhere; will the mission have 
been sacredly observed? 

The unfurling of the Service Flag at the New York 
Ekklesia, December, 1917, by the Secretary of War, 
Newton D. Baker, Johns Hopkins '92, was the answer 
to that question. There are thousands upon thousands 
who have answered the question by a willingness for the 
supreme sacrifice to carry freedom to oppressed people 
everywhere. They are the keepers of the Republic. 

There is no need for any doubt. ^^Perge,^^ the first 
watchword, still inspires. Phi Gamma Delta ever 




« ■MM ir.^ f il'^,.. _~4-< 





Old Black Horse Taverx 

1 he building was razed in 1920. It was the scene of the famous 
mail robberies during the Whiskey Insurrection ot 1794 



Wl 



EPILEGOMENA 287 

elds its mystical influence, and will eternally. The 
inheritances of "The Delta Association" have been, are, 
and will be preserved; its mission will be sacredly 

observed. 

Fortiter, fideliter, feliciter. 



INDEX RERUM 

See pages 177, 276, 277, 280, 282 



INDEX RERUM 



Abolition, 125 

Academy and Library Company of 

Canonsburg, 27 
Acheson, A. W., 199 
Adams, Andrew A., 143 
Adams County, 134 
Adams, John Quincy, 28, 39 
"Age," 91 

Alabama, Marion, 94, 95 
Alabama, Tuscaloosa, 94 
Alabama, University of, 94 
Alexandria, Va., 187 
Allegheny College, 95 
Allegheny Mountains, 106, 267, 269 
Allen, J. W., 93 
Allen, W. R., 30 
Allison, James, 26, 49 
Allison Letter, 228 
Alpha Chapter, 86 93, 95, in, 143, 

144, 149, 248 
Alpha Delta Phi, 279 
Amherst College, 249 
Anderson, Rev. Merle H., D.D., 95 
Anderson, N. B., 94 
Anderson, Walter B., 60 
Antrim County, 104, 211 
Arbuckle, 48 

Archives, 7, 68, 76, 169, 199, 215 
Archons, Board of, 8, 30, 31, 200 
Arnold, George C, 44, 47, 48, 131, 

268 
Arrow Rock, Missouri, 177 
Assign ates, 130 
Association, Delta, 7, 10, 34, 38, 39, 

54, 59, 62, 69, 77, 82, 83, 85, 87, 

90, 93, III, 162, 168, 179, 185, 194, 

197, 209, 221, 222, 248, 249, 253, 

255, 276, 286 



B's, 260 

Badge, 57, 76, 80, 119, 122, 127, 169, 

204, 209, 210, 217 
Baker, Newton D., 117, 220, 286 
Bancroft, George, 45 
Bangor, Maine, 164 
Bankston, 259 
Barnard, 78 
Barnburners, 228 
Barnett, J. M., 49, 56, 86 
Barrett, 223 
Baylor University, 94 
Beatty, Rev. Chas. C, D.D., 70 
Beatty, Susan, 134 
Beaver Academy, 202 
Beaver Bar Association, 146 
Beaver County, Pa., 137, 143, 145, 

148, 234 
Beaver Falls, Pa., 56 
Beaver Lodge, 137 
Beaver, Pennsylvania, 78, 86, 96, 

137, 138, 140, 143, 150, 160, i6i, 

283 
Bell, L. R., 93 
Bennett, Mr. Joseph, 214 
Berry, Henry, 132 
Berry, Moses A., 133 
Bertholette, William I., 242 
Bertholette, Dr., 241, 242 
Beta, 119, 154 
Betas, 39, 255 
Betaism, 223 

Beta Chapter, 54, 91, 93, 94 
Beta Theta Pi, 39, 222, 279 
Bethel College, 95 
Beveridge, 41 
Bible Association, 132 
"Black David, The Hog Drover," 58 



[291] 



292 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 



Black Horse Tavern, 282 
Black, Jeremiah S., 136, 137, 154, 238 
"Black, Red Head Jemes," 58 
Blackstone, 119, 140, 230, 231, 233, 

234, 239, 264 
Blaine, A., 175 
Blaine, James G., 54 
Blair, James, 247 
Blair, Rev. John, 23 
Board of Archons, 8, 30, 31, 200 
Boker, Bill, 133 
"Bombasticus Braydy," 59 
Book of Forms, 206 
Borough of Washington, 68 
Bosler, Charles H., 10, 105 
Braddock, 56 
Brady, Freeman, 59 
Brewer, Luther A., 9 
Briceland's, 89, 282 
Brookville American, 106, 113 
Brookville-California Company, 108, 

109, 112, 116, 132 
Brookville Hotel, 126 
Brookville, Indiana, 104, 105, 108, 

115, 118, 120, 121, 122, 123, 126, 

127, 129, 175, 176, 192, 194, 226, 

233, 261 
Brown, 43 

Brown, A. B., 57, 224 
Brown, Rev. Alexander B., 61 
Brown, A. H., 95 
Brown, Donald S., 30 
Brown, Dr., 84 
Brown, Rev. W. F., D.D., 29, 30, 

32, 33 
Brown, Rev. Wm. Y., D.D., 105, 

152, 164, 202, 212 
Brown, J. H., 194 
Brown, James, 199 
Brown, John, 255 
Browning, 194 

Buchanan, James, 39, 45, 137 
Buchanan, John M., 139 
Buckeye State, 186, 262 
Buena Vista, 98, 203 
Burnett, T. S., 93 



Burnett House, 136 

Burns, J. F., 94 

Burrows, Mr., 128 

Burt, 49, 234 

Burt, Augustus, 51 

Butler, Benjamin F., 39 

Butler County, Pennsylvania, 124, 

Butler, Pennsylvania, 264, 269 

264, 269 
Byron's Tragedy of Cain, 170 

Cable, 227 

Caine, J. T., 94 

Caldwell, 104 

Calhoun, John Caldwell, 104 

California, 105, 107, 112, 113, 130, 

131, 194. 233 
California Legislature, 113 
California, Marysville, 113, 114, 115, 

116, 117, 118, 282 
California, San Francisco, 116, 133 
Calvin, 89 

Combridge College, 129 
Cameron, J. A., 93 
Campbell, Alexander, 26 
Campbell, Robert McGregor, 196 
Campbell, S. T., 208 
Campbell, Wm., 51 
Canada, 163 

Canon, Colonel John, 26, 27, 30 
Canonsburg Academy, 26, 70 
Canonsburg Female Academy, 50 
Canonsburg, Historical Society of, 

53 

Canonsburg, Pa., 9, 26, 27, 28, 29, 
30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 43, 45, 5°, 68, 
69 70, 71. 75, 76, 81, 82, 84, 93, 
106, 119, 126, 136, 155, 157, 159, 
166, 168, 192, 194, 204, 205, 206, 
208, 209, 215, 222, 224, 225, 235, 
240, 246, 260, 264, 281 

Canonsburg, The Academy and Li- 
brary Company of, 27 

Canton, 244 

Carman, Robert Clark, 216, 217, 
218, 219 



INDEX RERUM 



293 



Carman, E. M., 218 
Carman, Hanna Louisa, 218 
Carmichaels, Pennsylvania, 196, 200, 

201, 283 
Carnahan, Dr. James, 34, 37 
"Carrot Head," 59 
Carson, 256 
Carson, St., 41, 49 
Catalogue, fraternity, 92 
Cass, 125, 228, 261 
Central Presbyterian, 32 
Centre College, 94 
Chain for Pin, 204, 210 
Chamberlain, Wilson S., 212 
Chamberlin, William F., 33, 84 
Chambersburg, 55 
Chapel Hill, N. C, 92, 93, 94 
Chapman, General, 187, 189 
Chapter, Alpha, 86, 93, 95, iir, 143, 

144, 149, 248 
Chapter, Beta, 54, 91, 93, 94 
Chapter, Chi, 280 
Chapter, Delta, 92, 93, 94 
Chapter, Epsilon, 92, 93, 94 
Chapter, Gamma, 91, 94 
Chapter, Grand, 7, 75, 77, 92, 14", 

149, 194, 197, 206 
Chapter, Iota, 94 
Chapter, Jefferson, 136, 15S 
Chapter, Kappa, 93, 94 
Chapter, Lambda, 93, 94 
Chapter, Lambda Deuteron 83, 249 
Chapter, Nu, 94, 95 
Chapter, Omicron, 94, 95 
Chapter, Pi, 95 
Chapter, Rho, 95 
Chapter, Tau, 94, 95 
Chapter, Theta, 94 
Chapter, Xi, 94, 95 
Chapter, Zeta, 94 
Charles County, Md., 153, 157, 188, 

233, 235, 240 
Charlottesville, Va., 95 
Chartiers, 24, 25, 68, 265 
Cheat, 271 
Chi Chapter, 280 



Chi Phis, 277 

Chi Psi, 279 

Chicago, 111., 76, 179, 180, 184 

Chicago Ekklesia, 8, 30 

Chicago, University of, 8, 217 

Chitty's Pleadings, 182, 236, 239 

Civil War, 59, 70, 177, 219, 277 

Clark, Arnold, 207 

Clay, Hon. Henry, 39, 45, 46, 227 

Cleveland, Ohio, 214 

Clinton, Louisiana, 215, 216, 217, 
219, 220, 245, 282 

Cogwill, Judge Calvin, 249, 250 

Coke, 158 

College, Allegheny, 95 

College, Amherst, 249 

College, Bethel, 95 

College, Centre, 94 

College, Granville Female, 248, 273 

College, Howard, 95 

College, Jefferson, 7, 25, 28, 29, 30, 
31. 33. 38, 40, 53, 54. 56, 61, 63, 
68, 70, 71 75, 77, 84, 95, 98, 105, 
106, 108, no, 120, 124, 125, 129, 
135, 136, i37> 152, 154. 158, 164, 
165, 166, 170, 185, 194, 197, 202, 
203, 209, 211, 214, 215, 221, 222, 
223, 224, 226, 230, 232, 239, 246, 
247, 249, 254, 257, 25S, 261, 264, 
273, 275, 278, 280, 281 

College, Jefferson Medical, 29 

College, Marietta, 94 

College, Meadville, 253 

College of New Jersey, 23, 37 

College, Pennsylvania, 95 

College, Union, 274, 277, 279, 280 

College, Washington, 50, 53, 54, 57, 
58, 70, 81, 94, no, 124, 129, 133, 
169, 209, 238. 

College, Washington and Jefferson, 
29> 30, 35. 53, 58, 60, 70, 71, 95, 
143, 177, 215, 230 

College, Williams, 61, 279 

College "Miscellany," 34, 39, 278, 279 

Collier, Colonel James, 181 

Colmery, John Scott, 57 



294 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 



Columbiana County, Ohio, 2ii, 215, 
220, 221, 224, 234, 242, 262 

Columbus, Ohio, 130, 191, 230 

Concord, John, 133 

Conn, 160, 190, 192 

Confederate Army, 55, 177 

Confederate Congress, 55 

Confederate Veterans, 219 

Connorsville, 128, 129 

Conrad, John M., 108 

Constitution, 75, 91, 136, 155, 189, 207 

Convention, see Ekklesia 

Cook, J. H. H., 32 

Cook, John M., 179 

Cope, S. S., 179 

Corinthian Lodge No. 9, F. and A. 
M., 117 

Corwin, Sam, 128 

Corwin, Thomas, 39 

County Antrim, 104, 211 

Cox, 120, 25s 

Cox, T. B., 94 

Craig, John H., "Innocent Johnny," 

59 
Crane, Miss Rachel, 179, 184 
Crews, Thomas W. B., 10, 34, 38, 39, 

43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 
53, 56, 78, 86, 91, 108, no. III, 
121, 124, 156, 165, 166, 168, 177, 
178, 192, 203, 205, 208, 209, 210, 
234, 238, 261, 276, 277, 278, 280, 
282 

Crews, Judge Thomas, 278 

Crofts, Daniel Webster, 41, 42, 43, 

44, 45, 54, 75, 81, 84, 86, 87, 90, 
99, 100, 119, 123, 124, 128, 157, 
158, 159, 175, 176, 185, 188, 201, 

204, 207, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 

216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 223, 

225, 228, 231, 233, 235, 237, 240, 

241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 252, 257, 

260, 262, 266 

Crofts, John, 211, 219 
Crosby, E., M.D., 246 
Crosby, Elizabeth M., 246, 248 
Cumberland, Pa., 68, 157, i6o 
Cumberland Pike, 157 



Cunningham, Wallace McCook, 212 
Curator's Book of The Lyceum, 68 

Daily Appeal, 114 

Dallas, George M., 106, 107 

Dantonism, 230 

Danville, Ky., 94 

DarHngton, Pennsylvania, 234 

Darlington, Pennsylvania, Academy, 

136 
Daugherty, E. B., 139 
Davenport, Iowa, 250 
Davis, Jefferson, 39 
Davis, Dr. T. D., 95 
Dayton, Ohio, 284 
Delans, Colonel, 128 
Delhi, Delaware Co., N. Y., 218 
Delta, 38, 58, 119, 123, 150, 154, 158, 

160, 186, 201, 202, 206, 209, 222, 

229, 253, 254, 263, 268 
Delta Association, 7, 10, 34, 38, 39, 

54, 59, 62, 69, 77, 82, 83, 85, 87, 90, 

93, III, 162, 168, 179, 185, 194, 

197, 209, 221, 222, 248, 249, 253, 

255, 276, 28s, 287 
Delta Chapter, 92, 93, 94 
"Delta's Farewell," 280 
Delta Hall Number One, 76, 81, 118, 

169 
Delta Hall Number Two, 81 
Delta Phis, 277, 279 
Delta Upsilon, 279 
Deltas, 39, 54, 56, 79, 83, 87, 91, 93, 

120, 121, 124, 125, 129, 131, 153, 

154, 155, 169, 205, 207, 209, 223, 

224, 228, 256 
Democratic Party, 125, 228, 261 
Denison University, 10, 83, 105, 217, 

249 
Dickie, S. H., 43, 255 
"Dodd, Eli-Ass," 59 
Dodd, Rev. Thaddeus, 69 
Doddridge, Joseph, 26 
Doddridge, Phillip, 26 
Donald, 36 
"Donkey John," 59 
Douglas, Stephen A., 39, 41 



INDEX RERUM 



295 



Drake, 260 

Duncan, James, 26, 120 
Dunlavy, James, 26 
Durham, Lord, 163 
Dutch, 125 

Eagleson, Wm. S., 93 

East Feliciana, 216 

East Liverpool, 219 

"Eclectic," 41 

Edmiston, David, 54, 59, 78, 81, no, 
124, 130, 133 

Edwards, Rev. James C, 114 

Edwards, Jonathan, 53, 70 

Ekklesia, 250 

Ekklesia, Chicago, 8, 30 

Ekklesia, Cincinnati, 136 

Ekklesia, Fifty-first, 285 

Ekklesia, Fifty-eighth, 30 

Ekklesia, Fifty-ninth, 30 

Ekklesia, New York, 286 

Ekklesia, Old Point Comfort, 8, 30 

Ekklesia, Pittsburgh, 194 

Ekklesia„ University of Chicago, 8 

El Dorado, 10, 190 

Elegy, 200 

"Eli-Ass" Dodd, 59 

Elliott, Charles, 179 

Elliott, Edgar, 179 

Elliott, Frank, 76, 86, 170, 174, 179, 
184, 185 

Elliott, James, Jr., 10, 40, 41, 42, 45, 
46, 49, 50, 54, 75, 76, 77, 81, 84, 86, 
87, 88, 89, 90, 91, loi, I02, 108, 
no, ii8, 119, 120, 122, 123, 125, 
127, 128, 129, 131, 133, 151, 152, 
153. 156, 157, 159, 160, 161, 163, 
164, 165, 168, 169, 170, 174, 175, 
176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 
183, 184, 185, 186, 188, 190, 193, 
'95> i97> 203, 205, 207, 209, 211, 
214, 215, 220, 221, 223, 226, 229, 
231, 233, 235, 237, 238, 240, 241, 
242, 243, 244, 247, 254, 256, 257, 
260, 261, 263, 264, 271, 275, 282 

Elliott, Rachel C, 179, 185 



Elliott, Sallie, 179 

Ellis, 221 

Emery, Mat, 232 

Emery Tavern, 254, 282 

England, Manchester, 211 

Epsilon Chapter, 92, 93, 94 

Epsilon, Office of, 90, 91, 93, 94 

Equitable Fraternity, 279 

Eta Chapter, 94 

Everglades of Florida, 229 

Ewing, John, 59, 230 

Ewing, Samuel Blaine, 30 

Exhibition, 266, 267, 269 

Faggs Manor, 23 

Family Circle and Parlor Annual, 
278 

Federal Army, 177 

Female College of Pittsburgh, 58 

Female College of Granville, 248, 
273 

Female Seminary, Canonsburg, 50 

Fifty-eighth Ekklesia, 30 

Fifty-ninth Ekklesia, 30 

Fijis, 9, 83 

Filmore, 125 

Findley, 41 

Findley, C W., 86, 102 

Fisher, Mr. S., 251 

Fleming, William A., 59 

Fleming, "Little," 59 

Fletcher, Naaman, 29, 40, 41, 42, 43, 
44. 45. 46, 47. 48, 49. 50, 51, 52, 
55. 56, 75, 76, 78, 80, 8r, 84, 85, 
86, 87, 90, loi, 102, 108, no, 122, 
124, 129, 153, 157, 169, 185, 194, 
204, 220, 223, 232, 234, 236, 246, 
247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 254, 
256, 257, 261, 264, 267, 271, 273, 
275, 282 

Flinn, J. William, 177 

Ford, Seabury, 215 

Forrest, Edwin, 119 

Forms, Book of, 206 

Forsythe, 54 

Forsythe, James, 81 

Forsythe, James C, 58 



296 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 



Forsythe, James H., 58 

"Forsythe, Leather-lip maw-mouth- 
ed," 58 

"Fort" Armstrong, 23, 75, 81, 82, 83, 
84, 98, 106, 159, 281 

"Fort" Ballentine, 81, 263 

"Fort" Delaware, 177 

Fort Dodge, 248 

"Fort" Emery, 81, 248 

"Fort" McCoughus, 263 

Fort Pitt, 164 

Fortiter, fideliter, feliciter, loi, 287 

Founders. See Crofts, Elliott, Fletch- 
er, Gregg, McCarty, Wilson 

Franklin, 34, 35, 39, 53, S^, 71, 202, 
209, 234 

Franklin, Benjamin, 27, 38, 69, 70, 
281 

Franklin County, Indiana, 126, 175 

Franklin County Bible Society, 109, 

131 
Franklin County Seminary, 126 
Franklin Hall, 50, 105 
Franklin Literary Library, 37 
Franklin Literary Society, 37, 40, 135, 

165, 174, 197, 263, 268, 278 
Franklin Society, 34, 38, 49, 51 
Franks, 41, 42, 266 
Frazer, George, 43, 44, 45, 47, 51, 52, 

234, 264, 267 
Fraternal Society, 279 
Fraternity Catalogue, 92 
Freesoilers, 232 

Galion, Mrs. Mary, 105 

Gallatin, Albert, 120, 270 

Gamma Chapter, 91, 93, 94 

Gamma, Office of, 89, 90, 91, 94 

Gateshead, 163 

Gazette, 246 

Gazette and Intelligencer, 246 

Geary, 40 

Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 94, 95, 134 

Gibson, Chief Justice, 162 

Gilchrist, John P., 38, 51, 56, 78, 80, 

86, 119, 124, 167, 234, 256, 263, 

264, 267, 278 



Gilson, 268 

Gilson, S. S., 95 

Glasgow, Missouri, no, 209, 278 

Goodwillie, D. H., 44, 45, 46, 48, 50, 

52, 82, 86, 90, 105, 135, 154, 15s, 
164, 199 

Gotwald, W. D., 94 

Gould, 236, 239 

Grand Army of the Republic, 185 

Grand Chapter, 7, 75, 77, 92, 148, 
149, 194, 197, 206 

"Grand Conversazione," 59 

Grand Lodge of Louisiana, 219 

Granville Female College, 248, 273 

Granville, Ohio, 248 

Gray, 200 

Gregg, Aaron, 196 

Gregg, Ellis Bailey, 37, 38, 39, 42, 
43, 44, 45, 54, 56, 75> 76, 81, 84, 
86, 100, loi, no, 124, 156, 157, 
158, 159, 185, 196, 197, 198, 199, 
200, 201, 205, 207, 208, 209, 220, 
221, 223, 238, 248, 260, 263, 276, 
282, 283 

Gregg, J. B., 38 

Gregg, John, 196 

Gregg, Maria Seaton, 196 

Greeley, Horace, 39 

Green, 88 

Green" Academy, 197 

Greencastle, Indiana, 93, 94 

Greenleaf, 239 

Grier, 46, 52, 89, 259, 260 

Griswold, H., 244 

Gurley, Phineas, 41 

Hadley, T. J., 93 

Hall, David, 40, 45, 46, 49, 50, 51, 52, 

53, 78, 86, 90, 102, 119, 136, 155, 
156 

Hamilton, 44, 48 
Hanna, Kersey, 214 
Harper, Mrs. Sarah, 134 
Harrah, J. H., 147 
Harris, P., 93 
Harrodsburg, Ky., 95 
Harsh, Samuel, 86, 88 



INDEX RERUM 



297 



Hawkins, 259, 260 
Hays, I., 44 
Hazel Green, 209 
Heath, John W., 93 
Heckel, E. B., 149 
Heilig, Theo., 94 
Henderson, 36 
Henderson, Ebenezer, 26 
Henry, Patrick, 27 
Hepburn, Lawrence C, 43 
Herriott, Mrs., 45 
Hervey, Rev. D. B., D.D., 248 
Hill, 40 

Historical Society of Canonsburg, 53 
History of Beaver County, Pennsyl- 
vania, 134 
Holland, Geo., 130 
Holmes, Mr., 211 
Holt, Richard S., 139 
Houston, Frank, 194 
Howard College, 95 
Hutchinson, 48, 49 
Hutchinson Spring, 282 
Hutchinson, Tillie, 81 
Huntington County, 249 

Illinois, Chicago, 76, 179, 180, 184 
Illinois, Peoria, 199, 220 
"Immortal Six," 75, 164, 185, 220, 

281, 285 
Independence, Missouri, 131 
Independence, Texas, 93, 94 
Index Rerum, 177, 276, 277, 280, 282 
Indiana, 104, 124, 175 
Indiana Asbury University, 94 
Indiana, Brookville, 104, 105, loS, 

115, 118, 120, 121, 122, 123, 126, 

127, 129, 175, 176, 192, 194, 226, 

233, 261 
Indiana, Franklin County, 126, 175 
Indiana, Greencastle, 93, 94 
Indiana, Richmond, 116 
Indiana, Wabash, 246, 249, 250, 251, 

252 
Indiana, Indianapolis, 104 
Intelligencer, 246 
"Innocent Johnny" Craig, 59 



Iota Chapter, 94 

Iowa, Davenport, 250 

Iowa, State University of, 58 

Ireland, 104 

Irwin, 40 

Jackson, Andrew, 39 

Jefferson Academy, 31, 32, 33, 58 

Jefferson B-Iegs, 129 

Jefferson Catalogues, 61 

Jefferson Chapter, 136, 158 

Jefferson College, 7, 25, 28, 29, 30, 
31, 33. 38, 40, 53. 54, 56, 61, 63, 
68, 70, 71, 75, 77, 84, 95, 98, 105, 
106, 108, no, 120, 124, 125, 129, 
135. 136, 137, 152, 154, 158. 164, 
165, 166, 170, 185, 194, 197, 202, 
203, 209, 211, 214, 215, 221, 222, 
223, 224, 226, 230, 232, 239, 246, 
247, 249, 254, 257, 258, 261, 264, 
273. 275, 278, 280, 281 

Jefferson County, Ohio, 176, 179, 215 

Jefferson] Medical College, 29 

Jefferson, Thomas, 281 

Jeffries, C. S., 277 

Jeffries, Miss Virginia, 277 

Jeffersonian Democrat, 138 

Jenkins, 54, 78, 119 

Jenkins, Albert G., 38, 55, 83, 86 

Jenkins, Gallatin, 121 

Jenkins, George K., 164 

Jones, 78 

Jones, Dan D., 130, 192, 194 

Jones, John Quincy Adams, 38, 47, 
52, 56, 86 

Jones, John T., 94 

Kansas, Topeka, 178 

Kappa Chapter, 93, 94 

Kappa Alpha, 277, 279 

Kappa Phi Lambda, 69 

Keck, Major Frank, 7, 9, 149 

Kelly, John, 60 

Kennedy, 91 

Kennedy, Geo. McC, 86, 274 

Kennedy, Robert P., 56, 86 

Kent's Commentaries, 234, 239, 272 



298 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 



Kentucky, 128, 227 

Kentucky, Danvilie, 94 

Kentucky, Harrodsburg, 95 

Kentucky, Russellville, 94, 95 

Kentucky, University of, 95 

Kerr, William, 26 

Key, 95 

Kilbourne, Judge, 217 

Kimble, John, 133 

Knight, James K., 279 

Knights Templars, 116 

Krepps, Bolivar G., 10, 86, iii, 263 

Lafayette County, 128 

Lafferty, James, 93 

Lambda Chapter, 93, 94 

Lambda Deuteron Chapter, 83, 249 

Lambton, John George, 163 

Lampoons, 54 

Langley, A. B., 170 

Langurs, 130 

Latham, 255 

"Latin School," 25 

Laurens County, South Carolina, 104 

Laurel Point Cemetery, 200 

Lawrence County, 134 

Lawrenceburgh, 130 

"Leather-lip maw-mouthed For- 

sythe," 58 
Leatherman, Dr., 255 
Leavitt, Edward, 54, 81 
Leeamon, H. Clay, 129 
Lee's Invasion, 55 
Lee, Governor Harry, 282 
Leopold of Belgium, 163 
Lewis, Rev., 217 
Library, and the Academy Company 

of Canonsburg, 27 
Library, Franklin Literary, 37 
Linton, 52 
Lippard Letter, 227 
Lisbon, 214 

Lisbon-Liverpool Road, 214 
Literary Societies, 34 
"Littells," 41 
"Livingston's Law Register," 162 



Log Cabin, 25, 26, 29, 31, 278 

Logan, James W., 38, 46, 47, 49, 51, 
52, S3, 56, 78, 83, 86, 119, 131, 154, 
159, 160, 167, 168, 190, 204, 234, 
238, 239, 246, 248, 256, 260, 276, 
278 

Logan, Pat, 231 

Logan, Sr., 46 

Long, Bob, 205 

Long-eared Hanna, 231 

Longfellow, 45 

Lop Ears, 227 

Loughran, Joshua, 197 

Louisiana, 216 

Louisiana, Clinton, 215, 216, 217, 
219, 220, 245, 282 

Lyceum, 43, 68, 261 

"Mac," 82, 83, 98, 104, 106, i86, 194, 
202, 203, 226, 232, 244, 253, 261, 
281, 282 

MacAlpine, Kenneth, 196 

MacGregor, David, 196 

MacNamee, Thomas, 251 

MacWilson, 89 

"Mae Evelynne," 77, 115 

Magill, A. T., D.D., 51 

"Maguire Gang, Molly," 55 

Maine, Bangor, 164 

Maker, Rabbi, 140 

Mallory, John W., 93 

Manchester, England, 211 

March, Wm. G., 221 

Marietta College, 94 

Marietta, Ohio, 94 

Marion, Alabama, 94, 95 

Marquis, "Pumpkin-Head Johnny," 

58 
Marsh Creek, Pa., 134 
Marshall, A. P., 139, 146 

Marshall, Missouri, 277 
Martin, 254, 255 
Maryland, 186, 191, 207 
Maryland, Charles County, 153, 157, 

188, 233, 235, 240 
Maryland, Mount Aventine, 186, 188 



INDEX RERUM 



299 



Maryland, Pornonkey, 153, 157, 159, 
176, 188, 233, 235, 237, 238, 240 

Marysville, California, 113, 114, 115, 
116, 117, 118, 282 

Marysville, Tennessee, 94 

Massillon News, 246, 248 

Massilon, Ohio, 246, 249 

Masons, no, 117, 137, 138, 160, 178, 
215, 216, 219 

Mason, James, 227, 259 

Masonic, 76, 116, 179 

Masonic Ball, 114 

Masonic Hall, no 

Masonic Lodge, 104 

Masonic Temple, 219 

Mathers, John H., 56, 86, 202, 223 

Maxwell, 40 

Mayhew, Miss, 164 

McAfee, 205 

McCann, Hugh D., 54, 58, 81 

McCarty, Abner R., 104 

McCarty, Enoch, 175 

McCarty, John Terapleton, 7, 9, 10, 
23. 29, 34, 38, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 
46, 54. 75- 76, 77, 78, 81, 82, 83, 
84, 86, 97, 98, 99, 100, 104, 105, 
107, 108, 109, no. III, 112, 113, 
114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 
122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 129, 
130, 131, 133, 157, 159, 164, 169, 
175. 185, 187, 194, 206, 211, 220, 
223, 225, 228, 231, 233, 235, 239, 
253, 260, 262, 266, 277, 278, 281, 
282 

McCarty, Molly, 115 

McClean, Daniel, 26 

McClelland, 81 

McCook, Dr. George, 222 

McCullough, 41 

McDaniel, Mr., 203 

McKay, 41, 47 

McKeeley, 127 

McKenna, Hon. T. M. T., 59, 199 

McKinney, Ike, 119, 255, 256 

McLaren, Wm. E., 53, 56, 80, 197, 
248, 276, 280 

McShafer, 255 



Meadville College, 253 

Meadville, Pennsylvania, 95 

"Mellifluous Frank," 59 

"Memorial Room," 53 

Mercer County, Pa., 134 

Mercer, Simon B., 56, 86, 90 

Mercersville, Ohio, 127 

Merchants Hotel, 116 

Merrick, E. T., 216, 245 

Metcalf, Ex. -Governor, 128 

Metemora, 119 

Mexico, 98 

Miami County, 249 

Miami University, 105, no, 127 

Michigan, Unirersity of, 6r, 69 

Miller, 118 

Miller, Judge, 181 

Miller, R. T., 93 

Miller, S. W., 93 

Milligan, 120, 256 

Minis, David, 86, 102 

Minutes of the Grand Chapter, 75, 

77 
Miss Maggie, 198 
Mississippi River, 133, 245 
Mississippi, University of, 177 
Missouri, 192 

Missouri, Arrow Rock, 177 
Missouri, Glasgow, no, 209, 278 
Missouri, Independence, 131 
Missouri, Marshall, 277 
Missouri River, no, 133 
Missouri, St. Joseph, 131, 133, 194 
Missouri, St. Louis, 58, 133, 277, 278 
Mitchell, G. W., 203 
M'Millan, Dr. John, 23, 24, 25, 29, 

30, 32, 33. 53. 69 
M'Millan Latin School, 34 
M'Millan Log Cabin, 25, 26, 29, 31, 

278 
Moffat, President James D., 177 
"Molly Maguire" Gang, 55 
Monongahela River, 271 
Montgomery, William, 199 
Moodey, Honorable Roderick S., 176, 

182, 191 
Moore, 44 



300 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 



Morehead, Rebecca, 134 
Morehead, William, 134 
Morristown, New Jersey, 114 
Mount Aventine, Maryland, 186, 188 
Mount Pleasant, Ohio, 128, 151, 190, 

203, 226, 229, 231, 241, 243 
Mount Pleasant, Pennsylvania, 164 
Mu Chapter, 94, 95 
Murfreesboro, Tennessee, 92, 93, 94 
Murphy, 256 
"Mystic," 236 
Mystic Brotherhood, 207 
Mystic Tie, 151, 153, 157, 159, 160, 

161, 191 

"Nakcy," 84 

"Napoleon's Prophecy," 169 
Nashville, Tennessee, 94 
Nashville University, 91, 94 
National Road, 68, 157 
Naugle, D. S., 148 
Nevada, 115 
New Athens, Ohio, 170 
New Castle, Pa., 134, 151 
New Haven, Ohio, 104 
New Jersey, College of, 23, 37 
New Jersey, Morristown, 114 
New Lisbon, Ohio, 120, 175, 176, 211, 
212, 213, 214, 215, 221, 222, 223, 
225, 226, 229, 231, 233, 23s, 237, 
238, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244 
New Lisbon Lodge F. and A. M., 215 
New York, Delhi, 218 
"North American Review," 41 
North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 92, 93, 

94 
North Carolina, University of, 92, 94 
Nu Chapter, 94, 95 
"Nunc Ad Astra," 150 

Ocean Wave, 226 

Ohio, Cleveland, 214 

Ohio, Columbiana County, 211, 215, 

220, 221, 224, 234, 242, 262 
Ohio, Columbus, 130, 191, 230 
Ohio, Dayton, 284 



Ohio Grand Lodge, 179 

Ohio, Granville, 248 

Ohio, Jefferson County, 176, 179, 215 

Ohio, Marietta, 94 

Ohio, Massillon, 246, 249 

Ohio, Mercerville, 127 

Ohio, Mount Pleasant, 128, 151, 190, 
203, 226, 229, 231, 241, 243 

Ohio, New Athens, 170 

Ohio, New Haven, 104 

Ohio, New Lisbon, 120, 175, 176, 
211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 221, 222, 
223, 225, 226, 229, 231, 233, 23s, 
237, 238, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244 

Ohio, Oxford, 105, 122, 127 

Ohio, Piqua, 23, 246, 249, 271 

Ohio River, 184, 225, 245 

Ohio, Sidney, 247, 249 

Ohio, Steubenville, 160, 161, 178, 
193, 215, 242, 243, 244 

Ohio, Washingtonville, 242 

Ohio, Wellsville, 160, 176, 179, 184, 
193, 242, 283 

Ohio, West Point, 211, 221, 243, 245 

Ohio, Zanesville, 246 

"Old Ben," 209 

"Old Gregg," 85 

Old Point Comfort Ekklesia, 8, 30 

Omicron Chapter, 94, 95 

Ophir, Land of, 133 

Oram, 81 

Original Six, 156 

Orr, R. W., 57, 235 

Orr, R. W., 57 

Overholt, Karl, 150 

Owesney, W. A., 179, 180 

Oxford, Ohio, 105, 122, 127 

Packwood, General, 219 

Pahl, H. F., 93 

Paine, Mr., 252 

Palladium, 176, 236, 237, 242 

Passavant, Rev. W. A., 34, 43, 278 

Patrick, Mr., 209 

Patriot, 237 

Patterson, Robert, 26 



INDEX RERUM 



301 



Paxton, Wilson, Jr., 84 
Pelham, 41 

Penington, John B., 38, 54, 78, 86, 
I03, 119, 153, 159, 194, 202, 256, 
257, 263 
Pennsylvania, Beaver, 78, 86, 96, 
137, 138, 140, 143, 150, 160, 161, 
283 
Pennsylvania, Beaver County, 137, 

143, 145, 148, 234 
Pennsylvania, Beaver Falls, 58 
Pennsylvaniay Butler, 264, 269 
Pennsylvania, Butler County, 124 
Pennsylvania, Canonsburg, 9, 26, 27, 
28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 43, 45, 
50, 68, 69, 70, 71, 75, 76, 81, 82, 
84, 93, 106, 119, 126, 136, 155, 157, 
159, 166, 168, 192, 194, 204, 205, 
206, 208, 209, 215, 222, 224, 225, 
235, 240, 246, 260, 264, 281 
Pennsylvania, Carmichaels, 196, 200, 

201, 283 
Pennsylvania College, 95 
Pennsylvania, Cumberland, 68, 157, 

160 
Pennsylvania, Darlington, 234 
Pennsylvania, Gettysburg, 94, 95, 134 
Pennsylvania, Marsh Creek, 134 
Pennsylvania, Meadville, 95 
Pennsylvania, Mercer County, 134 
Pennsylvania, Mount Aventine, 164 
Pennsylvania, New Castle, 134, 151 
Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, 119, 140, 
157, 160, 162, 164, 194, 213, 227, 
230 
Pennsylvania", Rock Camp Run, 214 
Pennsylvania, Somerset, 153, 157, 

159, 168, 188, 238, 271 
Pennsylvania, Washington, 30, 59, 
69, 70, 91, 93. 94. 106, 157, 199, 
203, 205, 207, 208, 254, 255, 260, 
263, 268 
Pennsylvania, Washington County, 

68, 199 
Pennsylvania, Westmoreland Coun- 
ty, 134, 164 



Pentecost, Dorsey, 26 

Peoria, Illinois, 199, 220 

Perge, 85, 91, 133, 153, 157, 159, 160, 

162, 188, 257, 275, 286 
Perkins 44, 45, 47, 49, 234 
Perkins, C H., 47, 51 
Pershing, Cyrus L., 50, 54, 55, 78, 

83, 86, 102, 119, 137, 154, 155, 159, 
190, 223, 238, 271, 275, 278 

Pershing, Israel C, 52, 53, S6, 90, 
102 

Pershing, John J., 88 

Petition Forms, 205 

Phi Beta Kappa, 95, 279 

Phi Gamma Delta, 8, 10, 23, 29, 30, 
31, 32, 34, 37, 38, 39, 42, 54. 55, 
57, 59, 61, 69, 77, 81, 82, 83, 

84, 86, 87, 91, 95, no. III, 118, 
136, 148, 149, 151, 164, 177, 200, 
213, 217, 220, 246, 249, 275, 277, 
278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284 

Phi Kappa Psi, 69 

Phi Kappa Sigma, 60 

Phillipp, 239 

Phillippines, 9 

Philo, 34, 35, 37, 39, 47, 50, 53 

Philomathean Literary Society, 279 

Pi Chapter, 95 

Pi, Office of, 90, 91, 96, 155, 256 

Pierce, Hon. John, 244 

Pierson, Mary E., 114, 115 

Pin, 57, 76, 80, 119, 122, 127, 169, 

204, 209, 210, 217 
Piqua, Ohio, 23, 246, 249, 271 
Pitman System 174 
Pittsburgh, Female College of, 58 
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 119, 140, 

157, 160, 162, 164, 194, 213, 227, 

230 
Pittsburgh Graduate Chapter, 150 
Playford, R. W., 53 
Plummer, F. W., 251 
Poguc, Thomas L., 32 
Pomonkey, Md., 153, 157, 159, 176, 

188, 233, 23s, 237, 238, 240 
Poppleton, Andrew J., 279 



302 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 



Power, Frances H., 59 

Pratt, 89 

Prescott, W. H., 45, 205 

Princeton University, 25, 28, 34, 58, 

61, 106 
Providence Hall, 33, 40, 41, 43, 50, 

169 
Prow, Ellas, 45, 48 
Psi Upsilon, 251, 277, 279 
Pugh, 41 
"Pumpkin-head Johnny Marquis," 58 

Quail, Jr., 47, 49, 50 

Quail, M., 42, 48, 259 

Quail, W., 48, 259 

Quakers, 241 

Quay, Matthew Stanley, 50, 53, 136, 

137, 138, 143, 190, 193 
Quay, S. A., 42, 44, 49 

Rankin, W. A., 119, 255 

Ray, Benjamin F., 38, 42, 44, 46, 
47, 48, 49, 50, 56, 78, 86, 87, 88, 
89, 124, 128, 166, 167, i68, 197, 
203, 209, 223, 232, 234, 260, 263, 
266 

"Red-head Bombasticus" Stewart, 58 

"Red-head Jemes" Black, 58 

Reed, Mr., 203 

Reid, A. M., 44, 49, 51 

Reid, Jr., 89 

Reynolds, 179 

Reynolds, Miss Virginia, 86 

Rho Chapter, 95 

Rhodes, Harry O., 249, 250 

Richards, M. H., 94 

Richmond, Indiana, 116 

Riddle, Dr. D. H., 53 

Riddle, Squire, 205 

Riddle, William, 26 

"Rob Roy," 196 

"Robespierreism," 230 

Robinson, Elizabeth, 137 

Robinson, George, 137 

Robinson, J. W., 120 

Rock Camp Run, Pennsylvania, 214 



Rodgers, Denny, 255, 256 
Rowe, E. C, 94 
Russelville, Kentucky, 94, 95 
Ryman, John, 130, 131 

Sackade, 119 

Salisbury, 42 

"Sam B.," 84, 120, 208, 256, 260, 266 

"Sara T," 84 

Sandy and Beaver Canal, 225 

San Francisco, California, 116, 133 

Saviour of Greece, 163 

School Master Among the Hoosiers, 

129, 186 
Scots and Picts 196 
Scott, Abraham, 26 
Seal, 185 

"Sears's Guide to Knowledge," 48 
"Seceder Church," 80, 282 
Semi-Centenary, 42, 43 
Seminary of Franklin County, 126 
Seward, W. H., 39 
Sexton, 40 

Shaefer, Noah W., 32 
Shelby County, 249 
Sheridan, 173 
Sickels, T. N., 93 
Sidney, Ohio, 247, 249 
Sigma Phi, 277, 279 
Sindelar, Mrs. Charles J., 115 
Six, The, 168 
Skinner, E., 109 
Sloan, 47 

Smith, Caleb B., 128 
Smith, Rev. Joseph, 69 
Smith, Dev. Dr. Robert, 23, 25 
Smith, Sr., 47 
Smith, William, 57 
Smith, William McK., 60 
Smith, Hon. Wilson, 212, 214 
Smyth, Henry, 57 
Snodgrass, James, 26 
Snyder, Harry, 239, 265, 267 
Somerset, Pennsylvania, 153, 157, 

159, 168, 188, 238, 271 
South Carolina, Laurens County, 104 



INDEX RERUM 



303 



Spanish-American War, 7, 286 

Spence, 49, 50 

Spencer, 48, 209 

Springhill, 267 

Springhill Cemetery, 184 

St. Alexander, 163 

St. Andrew, 163 

St. Anne, 163 

St. Joseph, Missouri, 131, 133, 194 

St. Louis, Missouri, 58, 133, 277, 278 

Stanwood, Edward B., 117 

Stark County, 249 

Starkie, 239 

Stanton, Edwin M., 176, 177 

Stephen, 239 

Sterrett, M. D., 94 

Steubenville, Ohio, 160, 161, 178, 

193. 215, 242, 243, 244 
Stevenson, Jane, 211 
Stewart, T. B., 48, 52 
Stewart, John B., 54, 58, 81 
Stoakes, Miss Mary Ann, 202 
Stone, 53 
Stoneroad, 43 
Sullenberger, 130 
Sullivan Brothers, 217 
Sullivan, Charles, 217 
Sullivan, Robert W., 217, 219 
"Sunday Labors," 77 
Swearingen, Thomas, 26 
Swimming Hole, 282 

Tabula Rasa, Jr., 226, 234, 239 

Tabula Rasa, Sr., 189 

Tappen, Judge, 181 

Taylor, 122, 123, 124, 125, 127, 128, 

131, 202, 225, 227, 261 
Taylor, Lewis, 141 
Temple Lodge F. and A. M., 199 
Templeton, Jane, 104 
Tennessee, Marysville, 94 
Tennessee, Murfreesboro, 92, 93, 94 
Tennessee, Nashville, 94 
Tennessee, University of, 158, 207 
Terrell, Rev. Wm., 109 
Texas, Independence, 93, 94 



Theological Seminary, 25, 50 

Theta Chapter, 94 

Theta Delta Chi, 277, 279 

Tinker, Mr., 115 

Tinker, Molly, 115 

Todd, 40 

Topeka, Kansas, 178 

Trainer, Honorable J. A. H., 180 

"Traitor Zach," 59 

"Traitorous Simon," 87, 90 

Troglodytes, 130 

Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 94 

Twenty-Three, 86, 87 

Union Army, 177 

Union College, 274, 277, 279, 280 

Union Party, 249 

Union University, 92, 94 

Unionism, 250 

Uniontown, 203, 267 

United States Army, 164 

United States Hotel, 126 

University of Alabama, 94 

University, Baylor, 94 

University, Chicago, 8, 217 

University, Denison, 10, 83, 105, 217, 

249 
University, Indiana Asbury, 94 
University, Iowa State, 58 
University, Kentucky, 95 
University, Miami, 105, no, 127 
University, Michigan, 6r, 69 
University, Mississippi, 177 
University, Nashville, 91, 94 
University, North Carolina, 92, 94 
University, Princeton, 25, 28, 34, 58, 

61, 106 
University, Tennessee, 158, 207 
University, Union, 92, 94 
University, Virginia, 69, 94, 95 
University, Wooster, 58, 150 

Van Buren, Martin, 39, 228 
Vaneman, Sr., 50, 51 
Van Lear, John, 47 
Van Vliet, Purdy, 149 



304 HISTORY OF PHI GAMMA DELTA 



Van Wier Family, 145 

Van Wier, Mary, 134 

Vance, Joseph E., 215, 230 

Vander Hurst, M. M., 93 

Vernon Catalogue, 249 

Vincent, 42 

Virginia, 24, 55, 175, 194, 269 

Virginia, Alexandria, 187 

Virginia, Charlottesville, 95 

Virginia, University of, 69, 94, 95 

Wabash Cemetery Association, 251 

Wabash County, 249 

Wabash, Indiana, 246, 249, 250, 251, 

252 
Wabash Intelligencer, 249 
Wabash Masonic Lodge, 250 
Wabash Plain Dealer, 246, 249 
Waddock's Chancery, 239 
Waggener, L., 94 
Walden, W. A., 178 
Waldron, 179 
Wallace, General Lew, 285 
Ward, B. C, 44, 46, 48, 51, 86, 234 
Washington Academy, 69, 70 
Washington, Borough of, 68 
Washington City, 165, 189 
Washington College, 50, 53, 54, 57, 

58, 70, 81, 94, no, 124, 129, 133, 

169, 209, 238 
Washington County, Pa., 68, 199 
Washington and Jefferson College, 

29. 30, 35, 53, 58, 60, 70, 71, 95, 

143, 177, 215, 230 
Washington and Jefferson Chapter 

House, 60 
Washington, Pennsylvania, 30, 59, 
69, 70, 91, 93, 94, 106, 157, 199, 203, 

205, 207, 208, 254, 255, 260, 263, 

268 
Washingtonville, Ohio, 242 
Watson, 130 
Watson, James, 199 
Watson, Rev. John, 34 
Watson, Major, 255 
Webster, Daniel, 39, 176, 194 



Wellsville, Ohio, 160, 176, 179, 184, 

193, 242, 283 
West, 89 

Western Theological Seminary, 29 
Westmoreland County, 134, 164 
West Point Military Academy, 2H 
West Point, Ohio, 211, 221, 243, 245 
West Virginia, Wheeling, 230, 232, 

261 
Wheeling, W. Va., 230, 232, 261 
Whig, 127, 128, 191, 192, 225, 227, 

228, 230, 237 
Whig Barbeque, 127 
Whiggery, 128 

"Whipple's Miscellanies," 52 
White, 232 

White Eagle of Russia, 163 
Whitten, Miss, 165 
Wickham, John J., 139, 145 
Wilkinson, 243 
Williams, 232, 239 
Williams College, 61, 279 
Williams, J. B., 94 
Williams, S. R., 57 
Wllmot Proviso, 227 
Wilson, 36, 43, 49 
Wilson, Anna, 137, 143 
Wilson, Bob, 242 
Wilson, Elizabeth, 137 
Wilson, Frank, 139 
Wilson, George, 137, 139 
Wilson, Jr., 47 
Wilson, Marmaduke, 134 
Wilson, Mary, 137, 143 
Wilson, Maurice E., D.D., 9, 56, 60, 

82, 83, 84, 105 
Wilson, Patrick, 134 
Wilson, R. F., 48 
Wilson, Sarah, 137 

Wilson, Samuel Beatty, 10, 40, 41, 
42, 44, 45, 54, 75, 7<5, 77, 78, 81, 

83, 84, 86, 91, 96, 118, 134, 135, 136, 
137, 138, 139, 141, 142, t43, 144, 
145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 
153, 154, 157, 159, 160, 162, 164, 
167, 179, 185, 186, 190, 194, 205, 



INDEX RERUM 



305 



206, 208, 209, 220, '223, 234, 238, 
239, 248, 266, 269, 270, 275, 278, 
283 

Wilson, Sr., 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 

46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53 
Wilson, S. T., 84, 255 

Wilson, Thomas B., 9, 40, 43, 44, 45, 

47. 48, 51. 52, 53, 56, 78, 86 
Wilson, T. H., 207 
Wilson, W. S., 56, 86 
Wilson, Woodrow, 57 
Windes, F. M., 93 
Winters, 255 

Winters, Jacob, 43, 119, 222 
Wisconsin, 162 
Witherspoon, Dr., 23 
Woodrow, James, 43, 56, 78, 80, 86, 
89, I02, 223 



Woods, Jr., 40 
Woods, Levi, 133 
Woods, Tom, 244 
Wooster University, 58, 150 
Wylie, William, 26 



Xi Chapter, 94, 95 

Yaryan, Mrs. Jennie M., 116 

York County, 134 

Young, G. I., 38 

Youngstown and Ohio Railroad, 212 

Zack, Old, 202 
Zanesville, Ohio, 246 
Zeta Chapter, 94 







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NOV 88 












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